FOOD SCIENCE ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (22): 257-265.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250519-114

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Phenolic Compounds in Prunes (Prunus domestica L.) from Kashi, Xinjiang and Their Association with Functional Quality Traits

TANG Lingxiao, LI Ying, LIU Fengjuan, MI Lu, XU Lei, XU Zhenzhen   

  1. (1. Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2. Institute of Fruits and Vegetables, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ürümqi 830091, China; 3. Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ürümqi 830091, China; 4. College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Published:2025-11-21

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Abstract: To investigate the differences in functional quality traits and phenolic compounds among major prune cultivars (Prunus domestica L.) in Kashi, Xinjiang, four cultivars-Xinmei 1 (XM-1), Xinmei 2 (XM-2), red prune (R), and yellow prune (Y)-were analyzed for color parameters, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and total anthocyanins content (TAC). Untargeted metabolomics was performed by combining reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Differential phenolic compounds were identified by analysis of variance (ANOVA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and Pearson correlation analysis and their correlation with functional quality characteristics were investigated. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among the four cultivars in functional quality traits; the yellow prune cultivar exhibited the highest TPC ((279.66 ± 6.29) mg/100 g) and TFC ((224.96 ± 12.68) mg/100 g), while Xinmei 2 had the highest TAC ((49.11 ± 2.10) mg/kg). A total of 119 phenolic compounds were identified, including 53 flavonoids and 19 cinnamic acid derivatives, with 7 polar phenolics (e.g., 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid) being uniquely detected by HILIC. PLS-DA revealed 44 differential compounds, and Pearson analysis indicated that 19 phenolics were significantly correlated with color indices, TPC, TFC, and TAC. Notably, catechin and procyanidin B2 in the yellow prune cultivar contributed to its high antioxidant capacity. The combination of RPLC/HILIC with UPLC-QTOF-MS can enhance the coverage of phenolic detection, and the identified differential phenolics provide theoretical support for the identification of prune cultivars and the development of functional prune products.

Key words: Prunus domestica L.; phenolics; metabolomics; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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