青蛤与文蛤的营养成分分析与评价

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201023081

食品科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (23): 366-370.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201023081

青蛤与文蛤的营养成分分析与评价

李晓英¹，董志国^{1 , 2}，阎斌伦¹，程汉良¹，孟学平¹，沈和定²，李家乐²

1.淮海工学院江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室 2.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院

收稿日期:2010-03-12 修回日期:2010-11-11 出版日期:2010-12-15 发布日期:2010-12-29
通讯作者: 李晓英 E-mail:dzg7712@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室开放课题 (KFT2008-4)；
江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室项目(2007HS004)；连云港市科技局科技发展计划项目(科技攻关CN0906)

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in Cyclina sinensis and Meretrix meretrix

LI Xiao-ying1，DONG Zhi-guo1,2，YAN Bin-lun1，CHENG Han-liang1，MENG Xue-ping1，SHEN He-ding2，LI Jia-le2

1. Huaihai Institute of Technology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222005, China；
2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received:2010-03-12 Revised:2010-11-11 Online:2010-12-15 Published:2010-12-29
Contact: LI Xiao-ying E-mail:dzg7712@yahoo.com.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对海州湾冬季养殖池塘中成体青蛤与文蛤营养成分进行测定，结果表明：青蛤和文蛤这两种海洋埋栖蛤类的贝肉水分含量(77.23、76.39g/100g mf)、总糖含量(4.45、4.14g/100g mf)均较为接近，而灰分、粗脂肪以及粗蛋白含量均有显著差异(P ＜ 0.05)。文蛤粗蛋白含量高达15.54g/100g mf，而青蛤为11.55g/100g mf；青蛤的灰分及粗脂肪含量分别高达4.91g/100g mf 和1.86g/100g mf，显著高于文蛤含量(2.86g/100g mf 和1.07g/100g mf)。在Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb 和Zn 这6 种重金属中Zn 含量最高，青蛤的含量仅12.77μg/g，文蛤则高达252.59μg/g，除Pb 在青蛤略超标外，其余均未超标。这两种贝肉均含有18 种编码氨基酸，其中含有人体所需的全部10 种必需氨基酸。青蛤与文蛤的第一限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸，氨基酸评分分别为50.8 和53.0，第二限制氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸+ 酪氨酸，氨基酸评分分别为55.0 和53.5。谷氨酸的含量最高，在青蛤和文蛤中分别高达116.5mg/g 和111.5mg/g，这远高于其他17 种氨基酸。呈味氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占的比例均高达42% 以上，适宜作为食用或开发呈味物质；青蛤与文蛤的必需氨基酸指数IEAA 相近，分别为50.0 和50.3。必需氨基酸占总氨酸的比例则十分接近，均在45% 左右，远高于WHO/FAO 推荐的模式35.38%，这说明青蛤和文蛤是比较理想的蛋白源。

关键词: 青蛤, 文蛤, 营养成分, 评价

Abstract:

The nutritional compositions in Cyclina sinensis and Meretrix meretrix cultured in pond of Haizhou bay in winter were determined. Results indicated that the water content (77.23g/100g mf) and carbohydrate (4.45 g/100g mf) in C. sinensis was similar to that in M. meretrix (76.39 g/100g mf and 4.14 g/100g mf). However, a significant difference in crude ash, protein and fat between two clams was observed (P < 0.05). The content of crude protein was 15.54% in M. meretrix and 11.55% in C. sinensis; contents of crude ash and crude fat in C. sinensis (4.91 g/100g mf and 1.86 g/100g mf) were significantly higher than those in M. meretrix (2.86 g/100g mf and 1.07 g/100g mf). Among six heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, the Zn exhibited the highest content. The content of Zn was 12.77μg/g in C. sinensis and 252.59μg/g in M. meretrix. The contamination assessment results for both clams by single factor index method indicated six heavy metals in both clams were in the permit range of national standard for health aquatic products except for Pb in M. meretrix slightly exceeding the standard limit. There were 18 common amino acids and 10 essential amino acids for human demand. The first limited amino acid was Val and the second limited amino acid was Phe + Tyr in both clams. The content of Glu was the highest among 18 amino acids and its content was up to 116.5 mg/g in C. sinensis and 111.5 mg/g in M. meretrix. The content of delicious amino acids was close in both clams and more than 42%. These investigations suggested that both clams were suitable for diet and delicious additives. The essential amino acid index (IEAA) for C. sinensis was 50.0, which was close to that of M. meretrix (50.3). The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was approximately 45%, which was higher than that of amino acid mode recommended by WHO/FAO (35.38%). Therefore, two clams were ideal as protein source for human.

Key words: Cyclina sinensis, Meretrix meretrix, nutritional composition, evaluation ideal as protein source for human.

中图分类号:

S963.16

李晓英1，董志国1,2，阎斌伦1，程汉良1，孟学平1，沈和定2，李家乐2. 青蛤与文蛤的营养成分分析与评价[J]. 食品科学, 2010, 31(23): 366-370.

LI Xiao-ying1，DONG Zhi-guo1,2，YAN Bin-lun1，CHENG Han-liang1，MENG Xue-ping1，SHEN He-ding2，LI Jia-le2. Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in Cyclina sinensis and Meretrix meretrix[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2010, 31(23): 366-370.

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青蛤与文蛤的营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in Cyclina sinensis and Meretrix meretrix

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