不同牡丹品种和芍药品种花茶品质评估

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250831-222

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评价牡丹和芍药品种资源的花茶开发潜力，丰富花茶产品类型，本研究选用15 个牡丹品种和17 个芍药品种的花蕾、花朵、花瓣部位分别制作花茶，通过干花茶颜色值分析、茶汤感官评审以及营养成分、抗氧化能力测定，并结合主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）综合评估其花茶品质。结果表明，不同牡丹和芍药品种的花茶品质差异显著（P＜0.05），总体上，牡丹与芍药花茶均富含VC、还原糖、可溶性蛋白及多酚、黄酮、花青苷等功能性成分，具有较强的抗氧化活性和较高的营养价值。通过相关性分析和PCA发现，总酚、总黄酮与抗氧化活性之间存在相关关系，部分指标之间呈显著相关（P＜0.05），不同活性成分在抗氧化能力形成中具有重要作用。从含量上看，牡丹总酚含量范围为10～70 mg/g，芍药为20～200 mg/g，总黄酮含量两者分别分布在30～230 mg/g与50～300 mg/g之间。不同花样本特征存在明显分化，铁离子还原抗氧化能力（ferric reducing antioxidant power，FRAP）、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)，ABTS）阳离子自由基清除能力和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）自由基清除能力在花瓣、花蕾和花朵中各有优势。综合评分显示，牡丹的‘海黄’‘琉璃贯珠’‘鸦片紫’在花瓣茶中表现最佳，‘海黄’‘鸦片紫’‘墨池金辉’更适宜用于牡丹花朵茶的加工，而‘大红宝珠’‘海黄’‘琉璃贯珠’则更适合作为牡丹花蕾茶原料。芍药中，‘红艳飞霜’‘艳紫向阳’‘红凤展翅’为花瓣茶的优选品种，‘艳紫向阳’‘苍龙’‘大红袍’为花朵茶的适宜品种，‘大红袍’‘红光奇锦’‘玛莎’在花蕾茶品质中表现突出。本研究结果可为牡丹与芍药花茶品种的筛选及其资源的开发利用提供科学依据和参考。

关键词: 牡丹；芍药；花茶品质；品种筛选

Abstract: To evaluate the potential of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) germplasm resources for flower tea development and to enrich the variety of flower tea products, 15 tree peony cultivars and 17 herbaceous peony cultivars were selected, and their buds, flowers, and petals were separately processed into flower tea. The color parameters of tea, together with the sensory evaluation, nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of tea infusion, were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to comprehensively assess flower tea quality based on 12 quality-related variables. The results showed that the overall quality of peony and herbaceous peony flower teas differed significantly among cultivars (P < 0.05). In general, both types of flower teas were rich in vitamin C, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, exhibiting strong antioxidant capacity and high nutritional value. Correlation analysis and PCA revealed that total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were correlated with antioxidant activities. Significant correlations were observed among several measured parameters (P < 0.05), indicating that different bioactive compounds greatly contribute to the antioxidant capacity of flower teas. In tree and herbaceous peony flower teas, total phenolic contents ranged from 10 to 70 mg/g and from 20 to 200 mg/g, and total flavonoid contents ranged from 30 to 230 mg/g and from 50 to 300 mg/g, respectively. Clear differentiation was observed among flower parts. Petal, flower bud, and whole flower teas showed the strongest antioxidant activities in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, respectively. Comprehensive quality scores indicated that the tree peony cultivars ‘Haihuang’, ‘Liuliguanzhu’, and ‘Yapianzi’ were optimal for processing into petal tea, ‘Haihuang’, ‘Yapianzi’, ‘Mochijinhui’ were more suitable for processing into whole-flower tea, while ‘Dahongbaozhu’, ‘Haihuang’, and ‘Liuliguanzhu’ were more suitable for processing into bud tea. Among the herbaceous peony cultivars, ‘Hongyanfeishuang’, ‘Yanzixiangyang’, and ‘Hongfengzhanchi’ were the best cultivars for petal tea, ‘Yanzixiangyang’, ‘Canglong’, and ‘Dahongpao’ were optimal for flower tea, while ‘Dahongpao’, ‘Hongguangqijin’, and ‘Masha’ exhibited the best bud tea quality. These findings provide a scientific basis and reference for the cultivar selection and resource utilization of tree peony and herbaceous peony flower teas.

Key words: Paeonia suffruticosa; Paeonia lactiflora; flower tea quality; cultivar selection

中图分类号:

TS272

张滢滢，张恺欣，王浩任，赵莉媛，韩雪莹，程晨，李芮成，张延龙，史倩倩. 不同牡丹品种和芍药品种花茶品质评估[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(6): 226-241.

ZHANG Yingying, ZHANG Kaixin, WANG Haoren, ZHAO Liyuan, HAN Xueying, CHENG Chen, LI Ruicheng, ZHANG Yanlong, SHI Qianqian. Quality Evaluation of Tree Peony and Herbaceous Peony Flower Teas Made from Different Cultivars[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2026, 47(6): 226-241.

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不同牡丹品种和芍药品种花茶品质评估

Quality Evaluation of Tree Peony and Herbaceous Peony Flower Teas Made from Different Cultivars

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