知母多糖的制备、表征及其对衰老小鼠脑组织和肠道菌群的影响

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251113-101

食品科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 190-202.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251113-101

知母多糖的制备、表征及其对衰老小鼠脑组织和肠道菌群的影响

孙婷婷，徐皓男，张放，吴玮，崔灿，袁小涌，崔雨，车燕，邵俊贤，陈浩，俞浩

（1.安徽科技工程大学食品科学与工程学院，安徽凤阳 233100；2.安徽省宿州市食品药品检验检测中心，安徽宿州 234000；3.安徽科技工程大学动物科学学院，安徽凤阳 233100；4.亳州学院中药学院，安徽亳州 236800；5.安徽科技工程大学生物医学与健康学院，安徽凤阳 233100）

出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-03
基金资助:
安徽省自然科学基金项目（2020085QH395）；安徽省药品监督管理局科技创新项目（AHYJ-KJ-202518）；安徽省高校中青年教师学科（专业）带头人培育项目（DTR2025033）；安徽省中医药传承创新研究项目（2024CCCX256）；安徽省博士后科研资助项目（2024C853）；安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目（202004a07020031）；横向产学研合作项目（880598；881383；881384）

Preparation and Characterization of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Polysaccharides and Their Effects on Brain Tissue and Gut Microbiota in Aging Mice

SUN Tingting, XU Haonan, ZHANG Fang, WU Wei, CUI Can, YUAN Xiaoyong, CUI Yu, CHE Yan, SHAO Junxian, CHEN Hao, YU Hao

(1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; 2. Suzhou Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Suzhou 234000, China; 3. College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; 4. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bozhou College, Bozhou 236800, China; 5. College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China)

Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-06-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对制备的知母多糖（Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. polysaccharides，AABP）进行结构表征，并探究其对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠脑损伤与肠道菌群的改善作用。结果表明，AABP纯度为80.89%，主要由甘露糖和葡萄糖组成，具有三股螺旋结构和显著的体外抗氧化能力。在动物模型中，AABP显著改善衰老小鼠行为学表现，缓解海马神经元病理损伤。机制研究显示，AABP有效提升脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性，降低丙二醛水平；并通过上调脑源性神经营养因子表达激活下游蛋白激酶B/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白信号通路。此外，16S rRNA测序及PICRUSt2预测表明，AABP恢复了肠道菌群α多样性，回调毛螺菌科_NK4A136群（Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group）和普雷沃氏菌属（Alloprevotella）等关键菌属丰度，增强碳水化合物与氨基酸代谢功能。综上，AABP可能通过激活脑内脑源性神经营养因子/蛋白激酶B/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白信号通路并重塑肠道菌群稳态发挥抗衰老作用。

关键词: 知母多糖；结构表征；衰老小鼠；脑源性神经营养因子；蛋白激酶B/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白信号通路；肠道菌群

Abstract: This study characterized Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. polysaccharides (AABP) and evaluated their protective effects against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced brain injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis in aging mice. The results indicated that AABP, with a purity of 80.89%, were primarily composed of mannose and glucose, featured a triple-helix structure and possessed significant in vitro antioxidant capacity. AABP significantly improved the behavioral performance of aging mice and alleviated neuronal pathological damage in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, AABP effectively enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain tissue. Moreover, they activated the downstream protein kinase B (Akt)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing and functional prediction using PICRUSt2 revealed that AABP restored the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and the relative abundance of key genera, such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Alloprevotella, while enhancing carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In summary, AABP may exert anti-aging effects by activating the cerebral BDNF/Akt/CREB signaling pathway and remodeling gut microbiota homeostasis.

Key words: Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. polysaccharides; structural characterization; aging mice; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; protein kinase B/cAMP-response element binding protein signaling pathway; gut microbiota

中图分类号:

TS201.2

孙婷婷，徐皓男，张放，吴玮，崔灿，袁小涌，崔雨，车燕，邵俊贤，陈浩，俞浩. 知母多糖的制备、表征及其对衰老小鼠脑组织和肠道菌群的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(9): 190-202 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251113-101

SUN Tingting, XU Haonan, ZHANG Fang, WU Wei, CUI Can, YUAN Xiaoyong, CUI Yu, CHE Yan, SHAO Junxian, CHEN Hao, YU Hao. Preparation and Characterization of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Polysaccharides and Their Effects on Brain Tissue and Gut Microbiota in Aging Mice[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2026, 47(9): 190-202 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251113-101

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知母多糖的制备、表征及其对衰老小鼠脑组织和肠道菌群的影响

Preparation and Characterization of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Polysaccharides and Their Effects on Brain Tissue and Gut Microbiota in Aging Mice

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