酵母蛋白通过肠道-免疫轴逆转环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫抑制

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260312-100

食品科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (19): 222-235.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260312-100

• 营养卫生 • 上一篇

酵母蛋白通过肠道-免疫轴逆转环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫抑制

侯梦玉，程倩，续振瑢，田建霞，陈智仙，罗学刚，仲飞亮

（1.天津科技大学生物工程学院，天津 300457；2.安琪酵母股份有限公司酵母功能湖北省重点实验室，湖北宜昌 443000；3.安琪纽特股份有限公司，宜昌市营养健康食品工程技术研究中心，湖北宜昌 443000）

发布日期:2026-10-22
基金资助:
天津市科技成果转移转化项目（24ZYCGSY00390）；天津市应用基础研究项目——企业科技特派员项目（25YDTPJC00680）

Yeast Protein Reverses Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice via the Gut-Immune Axis

HOU Mengyu, CHENG Qian, XU Zhenrong, TIAN Jianxia, CHEN Zhixian, LUO Xuegang, ZHONG Feiliang

(1. School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; 2. The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function (Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.), Yichang 443000, China; 3. Yichang Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition and Health Food (Angel Nutritech Co., Ltd.), Yichang 443000, China)

Published:2026-10-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的：研究酵母蛋白对环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide，CTX）诱导免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用，并探讨其基于肠道-免疫轴的潜在调控机制。方法：选取BALB/c小鼠，随机分为空白对照组、免疫抑制模型组、阳性药组、酵母蛋白低剂量组及高剂量组，每组6 只。除空白对照组外，其余各组均通过腹腔注射CTX构建免疫抑制模型，各给药组同步连续14 d灌胃给药。检测并分析小鼠体质量、免疫器官指数、血清细胞因子水平、免疫细胞活性、T细胞亚群比例、肠道组织形态、粪便短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids，SCFAs）含量、肠道屏障及芳香烃受体（aryl hydrocarbon receptor，AhR）轴相关基因表达，以及肠道菌群多样性与物种丰度。结果：酵母蛋白显著提升了模型组脏器指数，调节肿瘤坏死因子‑α、白细胞介素（interleukin，IL）-4、IL‑10、干扰素‑γ表达，增强NK细胞活性与体液免疫能力，恢复迟发型变态反应，缓解分化簇（cluster of differentiation，CD）3＋CD4＋/CD3＋CD8＋ T细胞亚群失衡，并改善脾脏与回肠组织病理损伤，提高粪便SCFAs含量，上调肠道屏障基因（ZO-1、Mucin-2、Claudin-3）与AhR通路关键基因（AhR、CYP1A1、ERK、STAT3）的转录水平，还可有效改善CTX损伤造成的肠道菌群紊乱，提升菌群多样性与物种丰度。结论：酵母蛋白依托肠道-免疫轴通路，通过免疫细胞、肠道屏障、肠道微生态多靶点改善CTX诱导的小鼠免疫抑制，可作为新型天然免疫调节剂的候选原料。

关键词: 酵母蛋白；免疫调节；环磷酰胺；肠道-免疫轴

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of yeast protein in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice and to explore its potential mechanism from the perspective of the gut-immune axis. Methods: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups with 6 mice in each group: normal control, immunosuppression model, positive drug, low-dose yeast protein, and high-dose yeast protein. All groups, except the normal control, were injected intraperitoneally with CTX to induce immunosuppression and were administered with corresponding drugs by gavage for 14 consecutive days. During the experiment, body mass, immune organ indices, serum cytokine levels, immune cell activity, T cell subset ratio, intestinal tissue morphology, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents, the expression of intestinal barrier and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) axis-related genes, and the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota were detected and analyzed. Results: Yeast protein significantly increased organ indices in the model group, regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin (IL)‑4, IL‑10 and interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ), enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity and humoral immunity, restored delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), alleviated the imbalance of CD3 +CD4 +/CD3 +CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets, and ameliorated pathological damage in the spleen and ileum. It also elevated fecal SCFA contents and upregulated the transcription levels of intestinal barrier genes (ZO-1, Mucin-2, and Claudin-3) and key genes in the AhR pathway (AhR, CYP1A1, ERK, and STAT3). Furthermore, yeast protein effectively improved intestinal microbiota dysbiosis caused by CTX, and increased the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota. Conclusion: Yeast protein ameliorates CTX-induced immunosuppression in mice via the gut-immune axis through multiple targets including immune cells, intestinal barrier and intestinal microecology and therefore can be used as a candidate ingredient for novel natural immunomodulators.

Key words: yeast protein; immunomodulation; cyclophosphamide; gut-immune axis

中图分类号:

R151.3

侯梦玉，程倩，续振瑢，田建霞，陈智仙，罗学刚，仲飞亮. 酵母蛋白通过肠道-免疫轴逆转环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫抑制[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(19): 222-235 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260312-100

HOU Mengyu, CHENG Qian, XU Zhenrong, TIAN Jianxia, CHEN Zhixian, LUO Xuegang, ZHONG Feiliang. Yeast Protein Reverses Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice via the Gut-Immune Axis[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2026, 47(19): 222-235 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260312-100

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酵母蛋白通过肠道-免疫轴逆转环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫抑制

Yeast Protein Reverses Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice via the Gut-Immune Axis

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