关键词: 全谷物；肠道菌群；黏膜免疫；短链脂肪酸；膳食纤维

Abstract: In recent years, the mechanism underlying the cross-talk between the gut microbiota and host immunity has emerged as a research hotspot in nutritional immunology. Whole grains are rich in diverse bioactive components, including dietary fibers, polyphenols, phytosterols, and resistant starch. These components exert positive effects on the intestinal mucosal immune system by remodeling the gut microbiota, regulating immune cell differentiation, repairing the epithelial barrier, and inhibiting proinflammatory signaling pathways. This review summarizes the bioactive components of whole grains, alterations in the gut microbiota and their metabolites, and the modulation of intestinal mucosal immunity, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for immunonutrition research and clinical application of whole grains.

Key words: whole grains; gut microbiota; mucosal immunity; short-chain fatty acids; dietary fiber