食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (15): 315-296.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250122-166

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镰刀菌侵染采后不同呼吸类型甜瓜的致病机制

姚军,郑贺云,张翠环,再吐娜·买买提,汪志伟,李婧,沙勇龙,耿新丽   

  1. (新疆维吾尔自治区设施农业和特色农业研究发展中心,新疆 鄯善 838200)
  • 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-07-22
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2024A02007-4); 新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本业务经费项目(KY2023);新疆西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(XJARS-06); 吐鲁番市重点研发专项(2024007)

Pathogenic Mechanism of Fusarium Infection in Climacteric and Nonclimacteric Melons during Postharvest Storage

YAO Jun, ZHENG Heyun, ZHANG Cuihuan, ZAITUNA·Maimaiti, WANG Zhiwei, LI Jing, SHA Yonglong, GENG Xinli   

  1. (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research and Development Center for Facility Agriculture and Specialty Agriculture, Shanshan 838200, China)
  • Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-07-22

摘要: 以南疆特色甜瓜品种卡拉可口奇(KKQ)甜瓜为研究对象,以西州密25号(XZM)为对照,损伤接种木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)后,比较两种不同呼吸类型甜瓜果肉抗病性的差异。结果表明:在整个贮藏期,XZM出现明显呼吸跃变高峰,而KKQ无明显跃变高峰,KKQ受镰刀菌侵染的发病时间较XZM晚5 d,在侵染第25天,XZM甜瓜果肉病斑直径和深度是KKQ甜瓜的1.26 倍和1.19 倍。在侵染期,KKQ甜瓜几丁质酶(chitinase,CHT)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase,GLU)基因表达量高于XZM甜瓜,且CmGLU、CmCHT1、CmCHT2在侵染的第5天高表达,表明KKQ受到病原菌侵染后迅速诱导了抗性蛋白基因的表达。CHT和GLU活性随贮藏时间延长呈先升高后降低的趋势,且KKQ甜瓜高于XZM甜瓜,表明KKQ甜瓜抵御病原菌侵染的能力与CHT、GLU活性和基因密切相关。XZM甜瓜乙烯合成相关基因CmACS1、CmACS2、CmACO1相对表达量高于KKQ甜瓜,KKQ甜瓜乙烯受体基因CmETR1和CmERS1相对表达量显著高于XZM甜瓜,说明乙烯受体基因负调控乙烯的合成。通过相关性分析,XZM甜瓜受病原菌侵染的直径与乙烯受体基因呈极显著正相关,表明XZM甜瓜的乙烯相关酶活性升高和基因表达量上调加速了镰刀菌的侵染。因此,KKQ甜瓜病原菌侵染慢是抗性酶活性升高和基因高表达阻碍了病原真菌的侵染,而XZM甜瓜病原菌侵染快是乙烯相关酶活性升高和基因表达量上调加速了真菌的侵染。

关键词: 甜瓜;呼吸类型;镰刀菌;致病机制

Abstract: In this study, we compared the differences in pulp disease resistance between two melon cultivars, Karakokouqi (KKQ), a specialty cultivar in southern Xinjiang, and Xizhoumi 25 (XZM) as a control. To this end, melons were artificially wounded and inoculated with Fusarium equiseti before refrigerated storage. The results showed that during the whole storage period, XZM underwent respiratory climacteric, while KKQ did not. The onset of Fusarium rot was 5 day later in KKQ than in XZM, and the diameter and depth of rotten spots on the 25th day of infection were 1.26 and 1.19 times higher in XZM than in KKQ, respectively. During the infection period, the expression of the chitinase (CHT) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) genes was always higher in KKQ than in XZM, and the relative expression levels of CmGLU, CmCHT1 and CmCHT2 were high on the 5th day, indicating that the expression of resistance protein genes was rapidly induced in KKQ after pathogen infection. CHT and GLU activities tended to increase and then decrease with storage time, and were higher in KKQ than in XZM, indicating that disease resistance in KKQ was closely related to the activities and gene expression of CHT and GLU. The relative expression levels of the ethylene synthesis-related genes CmACS1, CmACS2, and CmACO1 were higher in XZM than in KKQ, and the relative expression levels of the ethylene receptor genes CmETR1 and CmERS1 were significantly higher in KKQ than in XZM, indicating that the ethylene receptor genes negatively regulated ethylene synthesis. Correlation analysis showed that the diameter of the infection lesions on XZM was highly significantly positively correlated with the ethylene receptor genes, suggesting that elevated ethylene-related enzyme activities and gene expression accelerated Fusarium infection in XZM. Thus, elevated disease resistance-related enzyme activities and gene expression hindered infection of KKQ by pathogenic fungi, whereas elevated ethylene-related enzyme activities and gene expression accelerated infection of XZM by pathogenic fungi.

Key words: melon; respiratory type; Fusarium; pathogenic mechanism

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