食品科学

• 生物工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

食品中酵母菌的分离鉴定及其致腐能力

陆文俊,王 芳,陆兆新,吕凤霞,赵海珍,张 充,别小妹*   

  1. 南京农业大学食品科技学院,江苏 南京 210095
  • 出版日期:2016-10-15 发布日期:2016-12-01

Isolation and Identification of Spoilage Yeasts in Foods and Their Spoilage Ability

LU Wenjun, WANG Fang, LU Zhaoxin, LÜ Fengxia, ZHAO Haizhen, ZHANG Chong, BIE Xiaomei*   

  1. College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
  • Online:2016-10-15 Published:2016-12-01

摘要:

参照食品安全GB 4789.15—2010《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 霉菌和酵母计数》中酵母菌的检测方法,从水果、蜂蜜中分离筛选酵母菌并根据其26S rDNA D1/D2区序列进行鉴定。从蜂蜜、草莓、香蕉、橙子、油桃、芒果中共分离得到3 株固囊酵母(Citeromyces matritensis)、3 株异常威客汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomyces anomalus)、12 株季也蒙毕赤酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii)、1 株长孢洛德酵母(Lodderomyces elongisporus)、2 株葡萄有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum)和1 株海洋酵母菌(Metschnikowiareukaufii)。将每种酵母菌接种于苹果、油桃和香蕉中与空白对照进行对比,以食品腐烂的速率来判断酵母菌的腐败能力,确定了W. anomalus和 C. matritensis是上述3 种水果中主要的腐败酵母菌,除此之外,M. reukaufii对油桃有较强的腐败作用,M. guilliermondii对香蕉的腐败效果明显。食品工业中加强对上述这些腐败酵母菌的检测与控制,可以更好地防止腐败酵母对于食品工业造成的危害。

关键词: 酵母菌, 分离, 鉴定, 腐败能力

Abstract:

According to the method to detect yeasts described in the National Food Safety Standard GB 4789.15?2010, yeasts
from fruit and honey were isolated and identified by sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA. From honey,
strawberries, bananas, oranges, nectarines and mangoes, a total of 3 Citeromyces matritensis strains, 3 Wickerhamomyces
anomalus strains, 12 Meyerozyma guilliermondii strains, 1 Lodderomyces elongisporus strain, 2 Hanseniaspora uvarum
strains and 1 Metschnikowia reukaufii strain were isolated. Each of these yeasts was inoculated on apples, nectarines and
bananas to evaluate their spoilage ability in comparison with blank control based on how fast the inoculated samples spoiled.
We determined W. anomalusand and C. matritensisare to be the major spoilage yeasts of fruits and honey. Moreover,
M. reukaufiicauses could result in strong putrefaction on nectarines and M. guilliermondiidoes was obviously active in
causing spoilage of bananas. By strengthening the detection and control of these yeasts, we can prevent them from causing
hazards to the food industry better.

Key words: yeast, isolation, identification, spoilage ability

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