食品科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 223-227.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180409-105

• 成分分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

驼、牛、羊乳中脂肪酸含量的比较分析

李 磊1,王 昆1,何 静1,吉日木图1,2,*   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学 乳品生物技术与工程教育部重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;2.内蒙古骆驼研究院,内蒙古 巴丹吉林 737300
  • 出版日期:2019-03-25 发布日期:2019-04-02
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31360397);国际科技合作项目(2015DFR30680;ky201401002);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD29B06);内蒙古重大专项

A Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Profiles of Camel, Bovine and Caprine Milk

LI Lei1, WANG Kun1, HE Jing1, JI Rimutu1,2,*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; 2. Camel Protection Association of Inner Mongolia, Badanjilin 737300, China
  • Online:2019-03-25 Published:2019-04-02

摘要: 采用气相色谱法对驼、牛、羊乳3 种乳中脂肪酸(fatty acids,FA)种类及含量进行比较。结果表明,3 种乳脂肪酸种类和含量差异显著。驼乳检测出33 种脂肪酸,棕榈酸相对含量最高((23.73±2.17)%);驼乳的多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)相对含量((4.09±0.54)%)显著高于牛乳和羊乳;牛乳中检测出29 种脂肪酸,棕榈酸相对含量最高((27.44±2.45)%);羊乳检测出34 种脂肪酸,且油酸相对含量最高((30.89±3.57)%)。3 种乳中羊乳单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA)含量最高((35.26±3.86)%)。此外,结合主成分分析和相关性分析方法,对驼乳的脂肪酸含量进行进一步分析,结果显示,驼乳的饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids,SFA)∶MUFA∶PUFA为1∶0.60∶0.08,驼乳更接近联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织推荐SFA∶MUFA∶PUFA为1∶1∶1。PUFA与短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFA)、长链脂肪酸(long-chain fatty acids,LCFA)呈负相关,与n-6 FA相关性最大(0.978);SCFA与LCFA呈正相关,n-6 FA与n-3 FA呈正相关。

关键词: 驼乳, 牛乳, 羊乳, 脂肪酸

Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the fat acid profiles of camel, bovine and caprine milk by gas chromatography. The results showed that there were significant differences in the types and contents of fatty acids among the three milks. A total of 33 fatty acids were detected in camel milk, with palmitic acid being the most abundant ((23.73 ± 2.17)%); the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of camel milk was (4.09 ± 0.54)%, which was significantly higher than that of bovine and caprine milk. A total of 29 fatty acids were detected in bovine milk, with palmitic acid being the most dominant ((27.44 ± 2.45)%), and 34 fatty acids were detected in caprine milk, dominated by oleic acid ((30.89 ± 3.57)%). Among these milks, the highest content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was found in caprine milk ((35.26 ± 3.86)%). In addition, the fatty acid profile of camel milk was further analyzed by principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the ratio of saturated fatty acids to MUFA to PUFA was 1:0.60:0.08, which was closer to the FAO/ WHO recommended value 1:1:1. There was a negative correlation between PUFA and short-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids, with a maximum correlation with n-6 FA (0.978); there was a positive correlation between SCFA and LCFA, and between n-6 FA and LCFA.

Key words: camel milk, bovine milk, caprine milk, fatty acids

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