食品科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (19): 83-88.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180718-227

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

母乳与山羊乳功能性不饱和脂肪酸及脂肪球微观结构的比较

张宇,王立娜,张宏达,李晓东,刘璐,冷友斌,巩燕妮,蒋士龙   

  1. (1.东北农业大学食品学院,乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030;2.黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030;3.黑龙江完达山林海液奶有限公司,黑龙江 牡丹江 157100)
  • 出版日期:2019-10-15 发布日期:2019-10-25
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA16B201-3)

A Comparative Study on Functional Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Fat Globule Microstructure in Breast Milk and Goat Milk

ZHANG Yu, WANG Lina, ZHANG Hongda, LI Xiaodong, LIU Lu, LENG Youbin, GONG Yanni, JIANG Shilong   

  1. (1. Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; 2. Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd., Harbin 150030, China; 3. Heilongjiang Wandashan Linhai Liquid Milk Co. Ltd., Mudanjiang 157100, China)
  • Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-10-25

摘要: 本研究采用气相色谱-质谱法及显微观察手段分析不同泌乳期母乳与山羊乳常乳中主要功能性不饱和脂肪酸相对含量、理化性质和微观结构,旨在为母乳脂质的研究及以山羊乳为基质的婴幼儿配方奶粉母乳化提供一定的数据支撑。结果表明:母乳初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳脂肪质量浓度显著增加(P<0.05),分别为(26.7±3.6)、(33.7±4.6)g/L和(41.0±6.8)g/L;山羊乳脂肪质量浓度((42.1±4.3)g/L)显著高于母乳初乳和过渡乳(P<0.05)。但母乳中主要功能性脂肪酸相对含量显著高于山羊乳,尤其是亚油酸相对含量(过渡乳中最低,为19.76%)显著高于山羊乳(4.43%)(P<0.05)。在物理特性方面,母乳初乳脂肪球具有最大体积平均粒径((5.63±0.51)μm)和最低ζ电位((-5.72±0.21)mV),而山羊乳脂肪球体积平均粒径和ζ电位分别为(3.63±0.31)μm、(-13.69±0.27)mV。脂肪球粒径、ζ电位与脂肪质量浓度显著相关(P<0.05)。不同泌乳阶段母乳中主要功能性脂肪酸相对含量及脂肪球物理特性不同,与山羊乳差异明显。本实验结果可进一步用于母乳及山羊乳制品的研究。

关键词: 母乳, 山羊乳, 功能性脂肪酸, 脂肪球, 微观结构

Abstract: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and microscopic observation were used to analyze the relative contents of major functional unsaturated fatty acids, physicochemical properties and microstructure of fat globules in breast milk and goat milk from different lactation periods, aiming at providing a theoretical basis for the study of breast milk lipids and the development of infant formula based on goat milk. The results showed that the fat contents of colostrum, transitional and mature breast milk were (26.7 ± 3.6), (33.7 ± 4.6) and (41.0 ± 6.8) g/L, respectively, increasing significantly with the prolongation of lactation (P < 0.05). The relative content of fat in goat milk ((42.1 ± 4.3) g/L) was significantly higher than in human colostrum and transitional milk (P < 0.05). However, the major functional fatty acids were significantly more abundant in breast milk than in goat milk (P < 0.05). Notably, the content of linoleic acid (LA) (the lowest in the transitional period, 19.76%) was significantly higher than that of goat milk (4.43%) (P < 0.05). In terms of physical properties, breast milk fat globules (MFG) had the maximum average particle size of (5.63 ± 0.51) μm and the minimum zeta potential of (?5.72 ± 0.21) mV, while the average particle size and potential of goat milk MFG were (3.63 ± 0.31) μm and (?13.69 ± 0.27) mV, respectively. Furthermore, MFG particle size and potential were significantly correlated with fat content (P < 0.05). The major functional fatty acids and MFG physical properties in breast milk at different lactation stages were different, which were significantly different from those in goat milk. The results of this experiment can be useful for further study of breast milk and goat milk products.

Key words: breast milk, goat milk, functional fatty acids, fat globules, microstructure

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