食品科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 177-185.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200803-044

• 营养卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

虾青素补充对人体急性高强度运动前后代谢的影响

郭新明,吴丽君,赵静,田俊生   

  1. (1.太原师范学院体育系,山西 太原 030619;2.山西大学体育学院,山西 太原 030006;3.山西大学中医药现代研究中心,山西 太原 030006)
  • 发布日期:2021-09-29
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D31030)

Effect of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Human Metabolism before and after Acute High-Intensity Exercise

GUO Xinming, WU Lijun, ZHAO Jing, TIAN Junsheng   

  1. (1. Physical Education Department, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China; 2. School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; 3. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)
  • Published:2021-09-29

摘要: 目的:采用核磁共振代谢组学技术从代谢物及代谢网络调控角度研究天然抗氧化物虾青素对机体机能产生影响的作用途径与机理。方法:选取16 名成年男性,随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组以中等剂量(12 mg/d)服用虾青素28 d,对照组服用安慰剂(淀粉胶囊)28 d。实验第1天清晨两组受试者空腹首次指尖采血测定抗氧化指数与血乳酸质量浓度。实验第29天清晨两组受试者空腹再次指尖采血测定抗氧化指数与血乳酸质量浓度,同时肘静脉采血5 mL,随后进行30 s×3 组间歇3 min蹬骑功率自行车运动,负荷为0.075 kg/kg mb,运动后即刻进行第三次采血。通过氧自由基生化分析仪测定血乳酸质量浓度与抗氧化指数,采用核磁共振谱仪对肘静脉血样进行核磁共振检测,得到指纹图谱,通过MestReNova、SIMCA-P、SPSS等软件对从图谱中提取的数据进行处理与分析。结果表明,安静状态下,实验组与对照组潜在差异代谢物共有15 种,影响较大的代谢通路共有3 条。其中代谢差异物肌酸、甜菜碱及甘氨酸涉及甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢通路,乙酰乙酸及β-羟基丁酸涉及酮体合成与分解代谢通路,丙氨酸、谷氨酸及谷氨酰胺涉及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路。实验组抗氧化指数明显升高并显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血乳酸质量浓度明显降低并显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。运动后即刻状态下,两组间潜在差异代谢物有3 种,影响较大的代谢通路共有一条,为代谢差异物谷氨酰胺涉及的丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路。运动后两组抗氧化指数较运动前均显著下降(P<0.05),且实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);运动后血乳酸质量浓度较运动前均极显著上升(P<0.01),实验组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:虾青素补充使人体经急性高强度运动前后血液代谢物含量明显改变,其中涉及人体氨基酸代谢、脂代谢相关通路,这些通路代谢物的变化可能是补充虾青素后机体抗氧化能力提高、运动能力提高的内在机制。

关键词: 虾青素;急性高强度运动;代谢组学

Abstract: Objective: The effect of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin on the function of the human body was studied by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics from the aspects of metabolites and metabolic network regulation. Methods: Totally 16 adult males were selected and equally and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group took astaxanthin at a moderate dose of 12 mg/d for 28 days and the control group took the same dose of a placebo (starch capsule) for 28 days. On the morning of the first day, fasting fingertip blood samples were collected from all the subjects to determine antioxidant capacity and blood lactate values. Blood samples were taken again on the morning of the 29th day, and 5 mL of blood was taken from the elbow vein, followed by three cycles of bicycling for 30 s each at 3 min intervals with a load of 0.075 kg/kg mb. Blood samples were taken for the third time immediately after exercise. A free oxygen radical analyzer was used to determine blood lactate values and antioxidant capacity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to fingerprint vein blood samples. The data extracted from the spectra were processed and analyzed with MestReNova, SIMCA-P, and SPSS software. Results: In the quiet state, 15 potential differential metabolites (DMs) were identified between the two groups, and a total of three metabolic pathways were found to have a great influence on the DMs. The DMs creatine, betaine (Bet), and glycine were involved in the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways, acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid were involved in the ketone body anabolism and catabolism pathways, and alanine, glutamic acid and glutamine were involved in the alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism pathways. Antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05), while the opposite was observed for blood lactate values (P < 0.05). Immediately after exercise, three potential DMs were found, and only the alanine, aspartate and glutamic acid metabolic pathways, in which glutamine was involved, were observed to have a great influence on them. After exercise, antioxidant capacity significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.05), but it was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05); blood lactate values rose significantly after exercise (P < 0.01), and significantly dropped in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Astaxanthin supplementation can cause marked changes in blood metabolites both before and after acute high-intensity exercise, which are involved in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways in the body, thereby improving the body’s antioxidant capacity and exercise capacity.

Key words: astaxanthin; acute intense exercise; metabolomics

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