季节、胎次、泌乳阶段和地区对奶牛原料乳纤溶酶及其酶原的影响

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250319-142

食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (17): 63-66.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250319-142

• 食品化学 • 上一篇

季节、胎次、泌乳阶段和地区对奶牛原料乳纤溶酶及其酶原的影响

钱文涛，李东，王鹏杰，王晓冰，杨晋辉，王孟辉，魏晓军，陈冲，李洪亮

（1.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院，北京 100083；2.蒙牛高科乳制品（北京）有限责任公司，北京 101100；3.内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司，内蒙古?呼和浩特 011500；4.中国农业大学?北京食品营养与人类健康高精尖创新中心，北京 100083；5.蒙牛乳业（北京）有限责任公司，北京 101100）

发布日期:2025-08-18
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2024ZY0146）

Effects of Season, Parity and Days in Milk and Region on the Plasmin and Plasminogen Activity in Raw Milk

QIAN Wentao, LI Dong, WANG Pengjie,, WANG Xiaobing,, YANG Jinhui, WANG Menghui, WEI Xiaojun, CHEN Chong,, LI Hongliang

(1. College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Mengniu Hi-tech Dairy (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing 101100, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co. Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China; 4. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 5. Mengniu Dairy (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing 101100, China)

Published:2025-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析季节、胎次、泌乳阶段和地区对奶牛原料乳中纤溶酶（plasmin，PL）及纤溶酶原（plasminogen，PG）的影响规律。采集内蒙古呼和浩特某集约化牧场原料乳样本，考察季节（夏季、冬季）、泌乳周期（初期、早期、晚期）、奶牛胎次（1～4 胎）、地区（安徽马鞍山、宁夏银川、黑龙江哈尔滨及新疆昌吉）对PL活性及PG转化效率的影响。结果显示：季节因素对PL活性无显著影响（P＞0.05），但显著调控PG激活水平（P＜0.01），夏季PG衍生活性（（5.98±0.25）U/L）较冬季（（4.45±0.43）U/L）提升34.4%；奶牛胎次对PL、PG系统均无显著影响（P＞0.05）；泌乳阶段显著影响PG激活进程（P＜0.01），晚期样本PG衍生活性（（5.67±0.70）U/L）较初期（（5.22±0.70）U/L）和早期（（5.31±0.67）U/L）分别升高8.6%和6.8%；地域因素显著影响PG转化效率（P＜0.05），哈尔滨样本PG衍生活性（（5.62±0.88）U/L）显著高于银川样本（（5.12±1.19）U/L）（P＜0.05）；原料乳体细胞数与PL活性（r＝0.33）、PG激活水平（r＝0.21）呈弱正相关性，提示乳腺炎潜在影响。本研究发现季节变化与泌乳周期通过调控PG激活通路影响乳品稳定性，而高纬度地区可能通过环境-生理互作增强纤PL系统活性，本研究为建立基于酶活调控的原料乳品质评价体系提供了新视角。

关键词: 原料乳；纤溶酶；纤溶酶原；活性；奶牛

Abstract: This study systematically investigated the effects of seasonal variation, parity, lactation stage, and production region on the plasmin (PL) and plasminogen (PG) activity in bovine raw milk. Raw milk samples were collected from an intensive dairy farm in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia to evaluate the impact of different seasons (summer and winter), lactation stages (initial, early and late) and parities (parities 1–4) on the plasmin activity and the transformation efficiency of PG. To examine the production region effect, another milk samples were collected from Ma’anshan, Anhui; Yinchuan, Ningxia; Harbin, Heilongjiang; and Changji, Xinjiang. Our results showed that season had no significant effect on the PL activity (P > 0.05) but significantly affected PG activation levels (P < 0.01). The PG activity of raw milk was 34.4% in summer than in winter, ((5.98 ± 0.25) versus (4.45 ± 0.43) U/L). Parity had no significant effect the activity of PL or PG (P > 0.05). Lactation stage had a significant impact on PG activation (P < 0.01); PG activity was 8.6% and 6.8% higher in the late stage than the initial and early stages, (5.67 ± 0.70) versus (5.22 ± 0.70) and (5.31 ± 0.67) U/L. Likewise, the geographical origin significantly impacted the conversion efficiency of PG (P < 0.05); PG activity was significantly higher in Harbin samples than in Yinchuan samples, (5.62 ± 0.88) versus (5.12 ± 1.19) U/L. Somatic cell count showed a weak positive correlation with both PL activity (r = 0.33) and PG activation (r = 0.21), suggesting that subclinical mastitis had a potential impact on them. This study revealed that both season and lactation stage affected milk stability by affecting the PG activation pathway, and the PL and PG activity in milk from high-latitude regions might be enhanced via the environment-physiology interaction. These findings provide a novel perspective for establishing a quality evaluation system for raw milk based on PL/PG regulation.

Key words: raw milk; plasmin; plasminogen; activity; dairy cows

中图分类号:

TS252.2

钱文涛，李东，王鹏杰，王晓冰，杨晋辉，王孟辉，魏晓军，陈冲，李洪亮. 季节、胎次、泌乳阶段和地区对奶牛原料乳纤溶酶及其酶原的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2025, 46(17): 63-66.

QIAN Wentao, LI Dong, WANG Pengjie,, WANG Xiaobing,, YANG Jinhui, WANG Menghui, WEI Xiaojun, CHEN Chong,, LI Hongliang. Effects of Season, Parity and Days in Milk and Region on the Plasmin and Plasminogen Activity in Raw Milk[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2025, 46(17): 63-66.

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季节、胎次、泌乳阶段和地区对奶牛原料乳纤溶酶及其酶原的影响

Effects of Season, Parity and Days in Milk and Region on the Plasmin and Plasminogen Activity in Raw Milk

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