养殖南方大口鲶肌肉营养成分分析和品质评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以四川双流养殖南方大口鲶为材料，采用常规生化分析方法对肌肉营养成分进行分析，并对其营养品质进行评价。结果表明：养殖南方大口鲶肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和水分含量分别为(18.06±0.49)%、(2.47±1.08)%、(1.17±0.06)%和(78.49±0.45)%；肌肉中含有18种氨基酸，干基总量为(83.59±2.30)%，其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为(34.43±1.45)%，占氨基酸总量的41.19%，必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸总量之比为70.04%，其必需氨基酸的构成比例完全符合FAO/WHO评价标准。南方大口鲶的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸，第二限制性氨基酸为(甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸)，必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为74.82；4种鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量较高，总量为(31.52±1.20)%；共测定出26种脂肪酸，多不饱和脂肪酸总量(PUFA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量分别为(41.05±0.77)%、(4.00±0.21)%和(7.80±1.42)%，明显高于斑点叉尾鮰和瓦氏黄颡鱼；脂肪酸动脉粥样硬化指数(IA)、血栓形成指数(IT)分别为0.42、0.35；矿物元素含量丰富，锌铁比合理。研究表明，养殖南方大口鲶肉味鲜美，必需氨基酸含量高、组成均衡，多不饱和脂肪酸、EPA和DHA含量较高，具有较高的食用和营养价值，值得进一步加工和利用。

关键词: 养殖南方大口鲶, 肌肉, 营养成分, 营养品质, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸

Abstract: In this study, routine biochemical assays were used to evaluate the nutritional composition and quality of farmed Silurus meridionalis Chen muscle from a farm in Shuangliu region, Sichuan. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and water in fresh fish muscles were (18.06 ± 0.49)%, (2.47 ± 1.08)%, (1.17 ± 0.06)% and (78.49 ± 0.45)%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids were found in the muscle of farmed Silurus meridionalis Chen, including all 8 essential amino acids (EAA), all 2 half-essential amino acids (histidine and arginine), 8 nonessential amino acids (NEAA, namely glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycin, alanine, serine, cystine, tyrosine and proline). In dry samples, the total content of amino acids (TAA) was (83.59 ± 2.30)%, and the contents of EAA, was (34.43 ± 1.45)%, respectively. Four delicious amino acids (DAA) accounted for (31.52 ± 1.20)% in dry sample. The ratio of DAA to TAA was 37.71%. The essential amino acids index (EAAI) was 74.82. The ratio of EAA to TAA was 41.19%, and the ratio of TAA to NEAA was 70.04%. These data suggest that the EAA profile of the muscle of farmed Silurus meridionalis Chen can meet completely the FAO/WHO Standard. In terms of amino acids score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first and second limiting amino acids were identified as valine and (methionine + cystine), respectively. Eight saturated fatty acids (SFA), 8 mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 10 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found in the muscle of Silurus meridionalis Chen. The relative contents of PUFA, EPA and DHA in total fatty acids were (41.05 ± 0.77)%, (4.00 ± 0.21)% and (7.80 ± 1.42)%, respectively, which were much higher than those of Ictalurus punctatus and P.vachelli muscles. The index of atherogenicity (IA) and index of thrombogenicity (IT) of fatty acids were 0.42 and 0.35, respectively. Farmed Silurus meridionalis Chen muscle was rich in minerals, such as K, Zn and Fe and had a reasonable Zn/Fe ratio. Our study demonstrates that farmed Silurus meridionalis Chen muscle tastes delicious, and is rich in amino acids with an even balance and also abundant in PUFAs, EPA and DHA, thus having great nutritional and edible value and being worthy of further processing and utilization.

Key words: farmed Silurus meridionalis Chen, muscle, nutritional component, nutritional quality, amino acids, fatty acids

中图分类号:

S 963

张凤枰1,2，宋军1，张瑞1，毛艳贞1，李应东1，陈照1，刘耀敏1，王锡昌2,*. 养殖南方大口鲶肌肉营养成分分析和品质评价[J]. 食品科学, 2012, 33(17): 274-278.

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