基于广泛靶向代谢组学解析盐碱地栽培香软稻米的品质优势

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250606-033

食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (21): 72-79.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250606-033

• 基础研究 • 上一篇

基于广泛靶向代谢组学解析盐碱地栽培香软稻米的品质优势

苑学霞，刘平香，毕京秀，郝延勇，高瑞，江育荧，赵彤，秦凯凯，刘小涛，郝海宁，王玉涛

（1.养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室，山东省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所，山东?济南 250100；2.河之洲农业开发有限公司，山东?东营 257509）

发布日期:2025-11-21
基金资助:
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目（CXGC2024A05）；山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）项目（2023CXGC010717）

Elucidating the Quality Advantages of Aromatic Soft Rice Cultivated in Saline-Alkali Soil Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics

YUAN Xuexia, LIU Pingxiang, BI Jingxiu, HAO Yanyong, GAO Rui, JIANG Yuying, ZHAO Tong, QIN Kaikai, LIU Xiaotao, HAO Haining, WANG Yutao

(1. State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;2. Hezhizhou Agricultural Development Co. Ltd., Dongying 257509, China)

Published:2025-11-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-串联质谱广泛靶向代谢组学技术分析黄河三角洲盐碱地种植的香软稻米与普通稻米的代谢物及差异，共检测到1 988 种小分子代谢物。主成分分析与聚类分析发现，稻米品种和生长期均对稻米中的代谢组影响显著，但稻米品种引起的差异大于生长期引起的差异。正交偏最小二乘判别分析显示，对比对照米，香软米中代谢物以上调变化为主，在灌浆期差异尤为显著（812 种差异代谢物，其中670 种上调），成熟期差异缩小但仍显著（569 种差异代谢物，其中433 种上调）。显著差异代谢物集中于萜类、黄酮类和脂质，其中萜类和脂质物质的上调可能与香软稻米的独特香气相关，黄酮类化合物的上调与其抗氧化能力和多种生理活性相关。对不同品种稻米中差异代谢物的代谢通路分析发现，成熟期类黄酮生物合成、抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢、次级代谢产物的生物合成、类胡萝卜素生物合成、植物激素信号转导、戊糖磷酸途径和二萜类生物合成7 条通路显著富集，而灌浆期未发现显著富集通路。本研究解析了盐碱地栽培香软稻米在初级和次级代谢物（尤其是萜类、黄酮类和脂质）积累上的优势，为其香气形成和营养功能提供了代谢组依据。

关键词: 香软米；广泛靶向代谢组学；差异代谢物；代谢通路

Abstract: A widely targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to analyze differences in metabolites between aromatic soft rice and ordinary rice cultivated in the saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta. A total of 1 988 metabolites were detected. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed that both rice variety and growth stage significantly influenced rice metabolites, the difference being larger among varieties than among growth stages. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that compared to ordinary rice, the differential metabolites were predominantly un-regulated. The most significant differences were observed at the filling stage (812 differential metabolites were identified, 670 of which were up-regulated) and there were smaller but significant differences at the maturity stage (569 differential metabolites were identified, including 433 up-regulated ones). The significantly differential metabolites were concentrated in terpenoids, flavonoids, and lipids. The up-regulation of terpenoids and lipids may be associated with the unique aroma of fragrant soft rice, while the up-regulation of flavonoids may be linked to its antioxidant capacity and various physiological activities. Totally 7 significant enrichment pathways were identified at the maturity stage (P < 0.05), including flavonoid biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carotenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, pentose phosphate pathway and diterpenoid biosynthesis, while no significant enrichment pathways were identified at the filling stage. This study highlights the advantages of aromatic soft rice cultivated in saline-alkali soil in accumulating primary and secondary metabolites (especially terpenoids, flavonoids, and lipids), thereby providing a metabolomics basis for understanding its aroma formation and nutritional functionality.

Key words: aromatic soft rice; widely targeted metabolomics; differential metabolites; metabolic pathway

中图分类号:

TS213.3

苑学霞，刘平香，毕京秀，郝延勇，高瑞，江育荧，赵彤，秦凯凯，刘小涛，郝海宁，王玉涛. 基于广泛靶向代谢组学解析盐碱地栽培香软稻米的品质优势[J]. 食品科学, 2025, 46(21): 72-79.

YUAN Xuexia, LIU Pingxiang, BI Jingxiu, HAO Yanyong, GAO Rui, JIANG Yuying, ZHAO Tong, QIN Kaikai, LIU Xiaotao, HAO Haining, WANG Yutao. Elucidating the Quality Advantages of Aromatic Soft Rice Cultivated in Saline-Alkali Soil Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2025, 46(21): 72-79.

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基于广泛靶向代谢组学解析盐碱地栽培香软稻米的品质优势

Elucidating the Quality Advantages of Aromatic Soft Rice Cultivated in Saline-Alkali Soil Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics

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