食品科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 124-129.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180320-260

• 成分分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同年生和不同部位人参样品有效成分的比较

陈丽雪,曲 迪,华 梅,高 坤,孙印石   

  1. 1.吉林农业大学中药材学院,吉林 长春 130118;2.中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林 长春 130112
  • 出版日期:2019-04-25 发布日期:2019-05-05
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31200261)

A Comparative Study of Effective Components in Ginseng Samples from Different Parts and Ages

CHEN Lixue, QU Di, HUA Mei, GAO Kun, SUN Yinshi   

  1. 1. College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; 2. Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
  • Online:2019-04-25 Published:2019-05-05

摘要: 比较不同年生和不同部位人参中单体皂苷、总皂苷、总多糖、氨基酸、蛋白质的含量差异,旨在为全面评价及综合利用人参提供参考依据。采用超高效液相色谱法、香草醛-硫酸显色法、苯酚-硫酸显色法、阳离子交换色谱法、杜马斯燃烧法分别对不同年生及不同部位的人参中单体皂苷、总皂苷、总多糖、17 种氨基酸、粗蛋白的含量进行测定,比较其差异。不同年生(3~6 a)样品中单体皂苷、总皂苷、氨基酸、粗蛋白含量为6 a生人参最高,分别为30.94、59.77、96.53、170.11 mg/g;总多糖含量为5 a生最高,为22.80 mg/g。5 a生根的不同入药部位(芦头/主根/侧根/须根)样品中总多糖、氨基酸、粗蛋白含量为芦头最高,分别为25.94、121.76、193.36 mg/g;单体皂苷和总皂苷含量为须根最高,分别为75.01、67.94 mg/g。5 a生不同生物学部位(根/茎/叶/花)人参样品中总多糖含量为叶最高,为35.09 mg/g;单体皂苷、总皂苷、氨基酸、粗蛋白含量为花最高,分别为105.99、113.78、137.53、255.05 mg/g。人参皂苷生物活性研究表明,不同年生皂苷含量为6 a生人参最高,5 a生不同部位中皂苷含量为人参花中最高,从营养成分更全面的角度分析,亦是6 a生人参和5 a生人参花中营养成分含量更高。

关键词: 人参, 不同年生, 不同部位, 有效成分

Abstract: In order to provide a guidance for the overall evaluation and comprehensive utilization of ginseng, we compared the contents of ginsenosides, total sapoins, total polysaccharides, amino acids and protein in different parts of ginseng of different ages. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, the vanillin-sulfuric acid method, the phenol-sulfuric acid method, cation-exchange chromatography and Dumas combustion method were adopted to determine the contents of ginsenosides, total sapoins, total polysaccharides, 17 amino acids and crude protein. Among samples with different ages (3–6 years old), 6-year-old ginseng roots had the highest contents of ginsenosides, total sapoins, amino acids and crude protein, which were 30.94, 59.77, 96.53, and 170.11 mg/g, respectively. The content of total polysaccharides was the highest in 5-year-old ginseng roots (22.80 mg/g). The highest contents of polysaccharides, amino acids and crude protein of 25.94, 121.76, and 193.36 mg/g, respectively were found in rhizome among different medicinal parts of 5-year-old ginseng (rhizome, main root, lateral root and fibrous root), whereas fibrous root had the highest contents of ginsenosides and total sapoins (75.01 and 67.94 mg/g). Among different biological parts (root, stem, leaf and flower) of 5-year-old ginseng, leaves contained the highest total polysaccharides (35.09 mg/g), while flowers had the highest contents of ginsenosides, total sapoins, amino acids and crude protein, which were 105.99, 113.78, 137.53 and 255.05 mg/g, respectively. This study showed that among ginseng samples with different ages, 6-year-old ginseng roots had the highest content of saponins, and among different parts of 5-year-old ginseng, ginseng flowers have the highest content of saponins, with important biological activities. From a nutritional viewpoint, 6-year-old ginseng roots and 5-year-old ginseng flowers had higher levels of nutrients.

Key words: ginseng, different ages, different parts, effective components

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