食品科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (16): 227-234.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180925-264

• 成分分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

10个地区不同单粒质量野生油茶籽油及其营养成分的比较

陈小露,陈百莹,王 玫,李 静,邹玉璟,戎 俊,邓泽元   

  1. 1.南昌大学 食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西 南昌 330047;2.国家油茶产品质量监督检验中心,江西 赣州 341001;3.南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所,南昌大学生命科学学院,江西 南昌 330031
  • 出版日期:2019-08-25 发布日期:2019-08-26

Comparative Nutrient Composition of Seed Oils of Wild Camellia oleifera with Different Single Kernel Masses Grown in Ten Regions

CHEN Xiaolu, CHEN Baiying, WANG Mei, LI Jing, ZOU Yujing, RONG Jun, DENG Zeyuan   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; 2. National Camellia Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Ganzhou 341001, China; 3. Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
  • Online:2019-08-25 Published:2019-08-26

摘要: 为比较不同地区和不同单粒质量的野生油茶籽营养成分的差异,寻找油茶籽的合适产地,为油茶籽引种驯化提供参考,本研究将黄山汤口、霍山县大岭村、融水元宝山、咸丰横口村等10 个地区的野生油茶籽样品按地区和单粒质量分类,比较不同地区单粒质量0.35 g以下(≤0.35 g)、单粒质量0.35~0.8 g、单粒质量0.8 g以上(≥0.8 g)的油茶籽的营养成分含量。用溶剂法测得所有样品含油率在29.9%~46.11%之间;用气相色谱法检测出26 种脂肪酸;用高效液相色谱法测得所有样品α-生育酚含量在0.031~0.149 mg/g之间,角鲨烯含量在0.056~0.256 mg/g之间;用香草醛-硫酸法测得所有样品茶皂素含量在0.166~0.351 g/g之间。从地区看,峨眉山的油茶籽含油率最高,达43.74%,大岭村油茶籽含油率最低,为32.86%。从单粒质量的角度,0.35~0.8 g的油茶籽平均含油率最高,单粒质量0.35 g以下和0.8 g以上的油茶籽含油率相近,分别为36.28%、36.74%。检测出26 种脂肪酸中,主要为油酸(71.156%~78.515%),其次是棕榈酸(8.091%~12.096%)和亚油酸(2.621%~10.618%)。α-生育酚含量从地区看峨眉山最高,元宝山最低;从单粒质量角度,0.35 g以下油茶籽α-生育酚含量最高,0.35~0.8 g的油茶籽次之,0.8 g以上的油茶籽含量最低。角鲨烯含量从地区看大岭村最高,般若寺最低;从单粒质量角度,0.35 g以下油茶籽角鲨烯含量最高,0.35~0.8 g的油茶籽次之,0.8 g以上的油茶籽含量最低。茶皂素含量从地区看,峨眉山最高,黄连台最低;从单粒质量角度,0.8 g以上的油茶籽茶皂素含量最高,0.35 g以下的油茶籽次之,0.35~0.8 g的油茶籽含量最低。结果表明,不同地区和不同单粒质量的油茶籽品质存在差异,峨眉山、般若寺、猫儿山的油茶籽含油率较高,峨眉山、般若寺、汤口地区的油茶籽α-生育酚和茶皂素含量较高,大岭村、黄连台、峨眉山的油茶籽角鲨烯含量较高。单粒质量小的油茶籽含α-生育酚和角鲨烯较高。

关键词: 野生油茶籽, 地区, 单粒质量, 品质

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the nutrient composition of the seed oils of wild Camellia oleifera with different single grain masses grown in different regions in order to find suitable geographical origins of camellia seeds for oil production and to provide a basis for the introduction and domestication of camellia seeds. Wild camellia seed samples from 10 regions, including Huangshan in Tangkou, Daling village in Huoshan county, Yuanbao Mountain in Rongshui county and Hengkou village in Xianfeng county, were classified into three categories of single grain mass: below 0.35 g, 0.35–0.8 g, and above 0.8 g. The seed oils from these samples were compared for their nutrient composition. The oil contents of all samples were determined by the solvent method to be between 29.9% and 46.11%. A total of 26 fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography (GC). All samples were determined to contain 0.031-0.149 mg/g of α-tocopherol by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 0.056–0.256 mg/g of olefin, 0.166–0.351 g/g of tea saponin by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. From a regional perspective, the oil content of camellia seeds from Mountain Emei was the highest, reaching 43.74%, while the lowest oil content of 32.86% was found in camellia seeds from Daling village. Among the three categories of single grain mass, the average oil content of camellia seeds between 0.35 and 0.8 g was the highest, and those below 0.35 g and above 0.8 g were similar, 36.28% and 36.74%, respectively. Among the 26 fatty acids, oleic acid (71.156%–78.515%) was dominant, followed by palmitic acid (8.091%–12.096%) and linoleic acid (2.621%–10.618%). The content of α-tocopherol was the highest in camellia seeds from Emei Mountain and the lowest in Yuanbao Mountain among the 10 regions. The content of α-tocopherol in camellia seeds below 0.35 g was the highest, followed by those between 0.35 and 0.8 g, and the lowest value was noted in camellia seeds above 0.8 g. The content of squalene in camellia seeds from Daling village was the highest, and the lowest in Banruo village among the 10 regions. The content of squalene in camellia seeds below 0.35 g was the highest, followed by those between 0.35 g and 0.8 g, and the lowest value was detected in camellia seeds above 0.8 g. The content of tea saponin was the highest in camellia seeds from Emei Mountain and the lowest in Huangliantai. The content of tea saponin in camellia seeds above 0.8 g was the highest, followed by those below 0.35 g, and the lowest value was measured in camellia seeds between 0.35 g and 0.8 g. The results showed that the quality of camellia seeds varied among regions and among single grain masses. The oil contents of camellia seeds from Emei Mountain, Banruo Temple and Maoer Mountain were higher. α-Tocopherol and tea saponin were richer in camellia seed oils from Emei Mountain, Banruo Temple and Tangkou, while the contents of squalene in camellia seed oils from Daling village, Huangliantai and Emei Mountain were higher. Camellia seeds with a lower single grain mass contained higher levels of alpha-tocopherol and squalene.

Key words: wild camellia seeds, area, grain mass, quality

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