食品科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 35-42.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20181025-299

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同品种薄皮甜瓜成熟期果实质地品质分析及综合评价

潘好斌,刘东,邵青旭,高歌,齐红岩   

  1. (沈阳农业大学园艺学院,设施园艺省部共建教育部重点实验室,北方园艺设施设计与应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心(辽宁),辽宁 沈阳 110866)
  • 出版日期:2019-11-15 发布日期:2019-12-02
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25);沈阳市科技计划项目(17-143-3-00)

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Textural Quality of Ripe Fruits from Different Varieties of Oriental Melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino)

PAN Haobin, LIU Dong, SHAO Qingxu, GAO Ge, QI Hongyan   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Northern National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)
  • Online:2019-11-15 Published:2019-12-02

摘要: 以10 个品种薄皮甜瓜为研究对象,采用质构仪与常规理化分析测定了8 个质构指标、6 个质地相关的化学指标,通过相关性分析、因子分析、系统聚类分析,建立一套综合评价薄皮甜瓜果实质地品质的方法,以期为深入探究决定其质地特性的关键因子和优良质地品种选育提供理论依据。相关性分析表明,质构剖面分析(texture profile analysis,TPA)硬度与胶着性、咀嚼性和穿刺硬度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),黏附力与黏附性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),内聚性与胶着性、咀嚼性均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),胶着性与咀嚼性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),穿刺硬度与胶着性和咀嚼性均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);原果胶含量和含水量与TPA硬度、穿刺硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性呈不同程度显著负相关(P<0.05),水溶性果胶含量与穿刺硬度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),淀粉含量与黏附力和黏附性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),纤维素含量与内聚性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。经因子分析并基于特征值大于1的原则,提取了3 个主因子,累计方差贡献率为89.40%,根据各主因子代表性指标,依次命名为梗硬因子F1、黏绵因子F2和内聚因子F3,方差贡献率分别为52.76%、25.73%和10.91%,因子分析综合得分模型显示,‘玉美人’和‘彩虹七号’质地品质较优,‘红皮面’和‘香沙蜜’较差,其余品种居中。系统聚类分析将10 个品种薄皮甜瓜果实的质地特性分为5 类,第I类包括‘千玉’、‘白糖罐’、‘特甜蜜宝’,呈脆硬质地;第II类包括‘红到边’、‘羊角蜜’,呈酥脆质地;第III类包括‘花蕾王’、‘彩虹七号’、‘玉美人’,呈梗硬质地;第IV类为‘香沙蜜’,呈沙软质地;第V类为‘红皮面’,呈黏绵质地。

关键词: 薄皮甜瓜, 质地品质, 质构特性, 因子分析, 综合评价

Abstract: Fruits from 10 varieties of oriental melon were measured for 8 textural indexes and 6 physicochemical indexes related to texture by a texture analyzer and conventional physicochemical analysis. Correlation analysis, factor analysis and systematic cluster analysis were used to establish a comprehensive evaluation method for the textual quality of oriental melon, which is expected to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the key factors determining the textural characteristics of oriental melon and the selection of fine varieties. A significantly positive correlation between texture profile analysis (TPA) hardness and gumminess, chewiness or puncture hardness (P < 0.01), between adhesive force and adhesiveness (P < 0.01), between cohesiveness and gumminess or chewiness (P < 0.05), between gumminess and chewiness (P < 0.01), and between puncture hardness and gumminess or hewiness were observed. In addition, there was a significantly negative correlation between protopectin and water content and TPA hardness, puncture hardness, chewiness or gumminess (P < 0.05), between water-soluble pectin content and puncture hardness (P < 0.05), and between cellulose content and cohesiveness (P < 0.05), but starch content exhibited a significantly positive correlation with adhesive force and adhesiveness (P < 0.05). Three principal factors were extracted by factor analysis based on eigenvalues greater than one, explaining cumulatively 89.40% of the total variance. According to their representative indexes, the principal factors were named as tough-hard factor, adhesive-soft factor and cohesive factor, accounting for 52.76%, 25.73%, and 10.91% of the total variance, respectively. From the comprehensive score model obtained, the textual quality of ‘Yumeiren’ and ‘Caihongqihao’ were superior, ‘Hongpimian’ and ‘Xiangshami’ were poor, and the other varieties were in the middle. Systematic cluster analysis divided the 10 oriental melon varieties according to their textual properties into 5 classes: I including ‘Qianyu’, ‘Baitangguan’, and ‘Tetianmibao’, with crisp and hard texture; II including ‘Hongdaobian’ and ‘Yangjiaomi’, with crisp texture; III including ‘Hualeiwang’, ‘Caihongqihao’, and ‘Yumeiren’, with tough and hard texture; IV including ‘Xiangshami’, with sandy and soft texture; and V including ‘Hongpimian’, with adhesive and soft texture.

Key words: oriental melon, textural quality, texture characteristics, factor analysis, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号: