食品科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 273-280.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200313-206

• 安全检测 • 上一篇    下一篇

鲜食玉米籽粒发育期间污染真菌分离鉴定及真菌毒素含量分析

张娜娜,陈利容,张守梅,郭玉秋,刘开昌,龚魁杰   

  1. (山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东 济南 250100)
  • 发布日期:2021-08-27
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0300605); 山东省现代农业产业技术体系玉米创新团队项目(SDAIT-02-11); 山东省渤海粮仓科技示范工程升级版项目(2019BHLC003);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016YL023); 山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2018E01;CXGC2016B16)

Isolation and Identification of Fungal Contaminants and Analysis of Mycotoxin Content in Fresh Corn during Grain Development

ZHANG Nana, CHEN Lirong, ZHANG Shoumei, GUO Yuqiu, LIU Kaichang, GONG Kuijie   

  1. (Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China)
  • Published:2021-08-27

摘要: 为探讨鲜食玉米籽粒发育期间真菌污染和真菌毒素积累情况,选择天紫23、京科糯2000和黑糯6号3?个品种鲜食玉米,在玉米授粉后第0、12、23、35、55天采样对污染真菌进行分离鉴定,并对黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮含量进行对比分析。结果从3?个品种鲜食玉米中,共分离出1?606?株真菌,经鉴定,隶属13?个属,20?个种;玉米籽粒发育期间主要污染真菌为青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、毛霉属(Mucor)和篮状菌属(Talaromyces),其次是交链孢属(Alternaria)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)、笄霉属(Choanephora),还有少部分茎点霉(Phoma)、黑孢霉(Nigrospora)、横梗霉(Lichtheimia)和枝孢霉(Cladosporium);鲜食玉米授粉后23?d(乳熟期)黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的含量最低,是食用的最佳时期;污染真菌数量与毒素积累不具备相关性,黑糯6号品种受真菌毒素污染最轻,其次是天紫23和京科糯2000,但测试的鲜食玉米品种真菌毒素含量均远低于国家限量。

关键词: 鲜食玉米;籽粒发育期;真菌分离与鉴定;真菌毒素

Abstract: In order to investigate fungal contamination and the accumulation of fungal toxins in fresh corn during seed development, three cultivars, ‘Tianzi 23’, ‘Jingkenuo 2000’ and ‘Heinuo 6’ were selected. Fungi were isolated and identified at 0, 12, 23, 35 and 55 days after pollination, and the contents of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in corn samples were determined. A total of 1606 fungal strains were isolated from the three cultivars of fresh corn, belonging to 20 species and 13 genera. During corn kernel development, the major fungal contaminants were Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor and Talaromyces, followed by Alternaria, Rhizopus, Sarocladium and Choanephora as well as lesser quantities of Phoma, Nigrospora, Lichtheimia and Cladosporium. The contents of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were the lowest at 23 days after pollination, suggesting the best suitability for consumption. The number of fungal contaminants was not correlated with the accumulation of toxins. ‘Heinuo 6’ had the lowest mycotoxin content, followed by ‘Tianzi 23’ and ‘Jingkenuo 2000’. Mycotoxin contents in the three cultivars were far lower than the residue limit.

Key words: fresh corn; kernel development; isolation and identification of fungi; mycotoxin

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