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非法添加类食品安全犯罪刑事规制体系的不足与完善——以法释〔2021〕24号司法解释为视角

魏麟1,2,3,李春雷3   

  1. 1. 华中农业大学食品科学技术学院
    2. 中国人民大学法学院
    3. 中国人民公安大学
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-05 修回日期:2023-04-24 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 李春雷 E-mail:2018101150@ruc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目《重大活动食品安全风险防控警务模式及关键技术研究》

Deficiency and Perfection of Criminal Regulation System of the Crime of Illegal Addition——From the Perspective of Judicial Interpretation of No. 24 [2021] of the Supreme People's Court

Lin WEI,春雷 李   

  • Received:2022-05-05 Revised:2023-04-24 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-28
  • Contact: 春雷 李 E-mail:2018101150@ruc.edu.cn

摘要: 非法添加历来是食品安全犯罪治理中的疑难点。当前非法添加类犯罪案件具有案发数量高、危害对象广泛、添加物质种类繁杂的特点。按照非法添加行为的表现形式与危害性质,可将其划分为“禁止添加类”与“限制添加类”两类。法释〔2021〕24号司法解释对非法添加类犯罪刑事规制体系进行了一定的调整,传递出科学规制、精准打击的理念。但当前非法添加类犯罪刑事规制体系仍然存在刑事入罪标准不明、罪名适用规则不统一的问题。对此,在行政与刑事规制之间,应当打破科技标准与法律规范的壁垒,参鉴科学研究作出法律拟制,在当前司法解释仅定性的基础上以定量方式明确划定行政与刑事规制的界限;在刑事规制界域内,应基于刑法第140条、143条和144条之间的层次性、竞合性与包容性,进一步明确“限制添加类”、“禁止添加类”及“所涉非法添加物毒害性尚不明确类”案件的法律适用逻辑与规则。

关键词: 非法添加, 司法解释, 危害食品安全犯罪, 刑事规制

Abstract: Illegal addition has always been a difficult point in the governance of food safety crimes. At present, the criminal cases of illegal addition have the characteristics of high number of cases, wide range of harm objects and complex types of added substances. According to the manifestation and harmfulness of illegal addition, it can be divided into "prohibited addition" and "restricted addition". The judicial interpretation of No. 24 [2021] of the Supreme People's Courthas improved the criminal regulation system of illegal addition crimes to a certain extent, transmitting the concept of scientific regulation and accurate attack. However, there are still some problems, such as unclear standards for criminal conviction and inconsistent rules for the application of criminal charges. Therefore, between administration and criminal regulation, we should break the barriers of scientific and technological standards and legal norms, make legal fiction based on consulting scientific research, and delimit the boundary between administration and criminal regulation clearly in a quantitative way on the basis of only qualitative now. In addition, in the field of criminal regulation, based on the hierarchy,overlap of articles of law and inclusiveness between articles 140, 143 and 144 of the criminal law, we should further clarify the legal application logic and rules of "restricted addition", "prohibited addition" cases, as well as the cases in which "the toxicity of illegal additives is not clear".

Key words: Illegal Adding, Judicial Interpretation, Food Safety Crime, Criminal Regulation

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