类胡萝卜素类原料在缓解视疲劳保健食品中的应用研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 视疲劳是由多种原因引起的眼部不适感，并且涉及的人群较为广泛。研究显示，通过合理的膳食补充，可有效改善视疲劳引起的眼部不适感，甚至减少视疲劳的发生。目前，以叶黄素为代表的类胡萝卜素类原料在缓解视疲劳功效的机理研究还不够深入，缺少其在缓解视疲劳保健食品应用方面的综述。因此，本文阐述了类胡萝卜素类原料在机体内的消化、吸收及代谢的途径，并综述了类胡萝卜素类原料在缓解视疲劳方面的研究进展。同时，本文还统计分析了类胡萝卜素类原料在我国缓解视疲劳保健食品中的配伍应用情况，以期为缓解视疲劳保健食品的开发提供一定的参考依据和启发。

关键词: 缓解视疲劳, 类胡萝卜素, 消化, 吸收及代谢, 保健食品

Abstract: Visual fatigue is a discomfort that can be caused by a variety of factors and affects a wide range of people. Studies have shown that a reasonable dietary supplement can effectively improve eye discomfort caused by visual fatigue and even reduce the occurrence of visual fatigue. At present, there is a lack of in-depth research on the mechanism of the effect of carotenoids, represented by lutein, in relieving visual fatigue, and there is a lack of reviews on their application in health food for relieving visual fatigue. Therefore, this paper describes the digestion, absorption and metabolism of carotenoids in the body, and reviews the progress of research on carotenoids for the relief of visual fatigue. At the same time, this paper also provides a statistical analysis of the application of carotenoid ingredients in Chinese health food products for the relief of visual fatigue, with a view to providing some reference basis and inspiration for the development of health food products for the relief of visual fatigue.

Key words: Relieve visual fatigue, Carotenoids, Digestion, Absorption and metabolism, Functional Food

中图分类号:

TS218

段昊松伟王锋闫文杰. 类胡萝卜素类原料在缓解视疲劳保健食品中的应用研究进展[J]. 食品科学.

参考文献

[1] M. A. Vilela, L. C. Pellanda, A. G. Fassa, et al. Castagno,“Prevalence of asthenopia in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis,” Jornal de Pediatria, vol. 91, no. 4,pp. 320–325, 2015.
[2] Zheng F, Hou F, Chen R, et al. Investigation of the Relationship Between Subjective Symptoms of Visual Fatigue and Visual Functions. Front Neurosci. 2021 Jul 15;15:686740. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.686740.
[3] Sheppard, A. L., and Wolffsohn, J. S. (2018). Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 3:e000146. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000146.
[4] Kaur K, Gurnani B, Nayak S, et al. Digital Eye Strain- A Comprehensive Review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022 Oct;11(5):1655-1680. doi: 10.1007/s40123-022-00540-9.
[5] S. Abdi and A. Rydberg, “Asthenopia in schoolchildren,orthoptic and ophthalmological findings and treatment,”Documenta Ophthalmologica, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 65–72,2005.
[6] J. K. Portello, M. Rosenfield, Y. Bababekova, et al. “Computer-related visual symptoms in office workers,” Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, vol. 32, no. 5,pp. 375–382, 2012.
[7] S. C. Reddy, C. K. Low, Y. P. Lim, et al. “Computer vision syndrome: a study of knowledge and practices in university students,” Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 161–168,2013.
[8] Wang J, Zeng P, Deng XW, et al. Eye Habits Affect the Prevalence of Asthenopia in Patients with Myopia. J Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct 17;2022:8669217. doi: 10.1155/2022/8669217.
[9] 张雪,程倩,栾金玲,等.叶黄素软胶囊缓解视疲劳功能研究[J].食品安全导刊,2022(31):92-96+100.DOI:10.16043/j.cnki.cfs.2022.31.014.
[10] Krinsky NI, Johnson EJ. Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2005;26:459–516.
[11] Chacón-Ordónez T, Carle R, Schweiggert R. Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant and animal foods. J Sci Food Agric,2019,99(7):3220-3239.
[12] Harrison EH. Mechanisms of digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:87–103
[13] Rock CL, Lovalvo JL, Emenhiser C, et al. Bioavailability of beta-carotene is lower in raw than in processed carrots and spinach in women. J Nutr. 1998;128(5):913–6.
[14] Gartner C, Stahl W, Sies H. Lycopene is more bioavailable from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66(1):116–22.
[15] Stahl W, Sies H. Uptake of lycopene and its geometrical isomers is greater from heat-processed than from unprocessed tomato juice in humans. J Nutr. 1992;122(11):2161–6.
[16] van het Hof KH, de Boer BC, Tijburg LB, et al. Carotenoid bioavailability in humans from tomatoes processed in different ways determined from the carotenoid response in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction of plasma after a single consumption and in plasma after four days of consumption. J Nutr. 2000;130(5):1189–96.
[17] van Het Hof KH, West CE, Weststrate JA, et al. Dietary factors that affect the bioavailability of carotenoids. J Nutr. 2000;130(3):503–6.
[18] Rich GT, Bailey AL, Faulks RM, et al. Fillery-Travis A. Solubilization of carotenoids from carrot juice and spinach in lipid phases: I. Modeling the gastric lumen. Lipids. 2003;38(9):933–45.
[19] Huo T, Ferruzzi MG, Schwartz SJ, et al. Impact of fatty acyl composition and quantity of triglycerides on bioaccessibility of dietary carotenoids. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(22):8950–7.
[20] Roodenburg AJ, Leenen R, van het Hof KH, et al. Amount of fat in the diet affects bioavailability of lutein esters but not of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and vitamin E in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(5):1187–93.
[21] Unlu NZ, Bohn T, Clinton SK, et al. Carotenoid absorption from salad and salsa by humans is enhanced by the addition of avocado or avocado oil. J Nutr. 2005;135(3):431–436.
[22] Borel P , Tyssandier V , Mekki N, et al. Chylomicron beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate responses are dramatically diminished when men ingest beta-carotene with medium-chain rather than long-chain triglycerides. J Nutr. 1998;128(8):1361–7
[23] Moran NE, Mohn ES, Hason N, et al. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids. Adv Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;9(4):465-492. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy025.
[24] 李若茗,董慧,陈哲晖,等.β-胡萝卜素的体内代谢及与维生素A的生物转化[J].罕少疾病杂志,2022,29(03):1-4+18.
[25] BOREL P, MOUSSA M, REBOUL E, et al. Human plasma levels of vitamin E and carotenoids are associated with genetic polymorphisms in genes involved inlipid metabolism [J] . The Journal of Nutrition, 2007,137(12) :2653-2659.
[26] BOREL P, MOUSSA M, REBOUL E, et al. Human fasting plasma concentrations of vitamin E and carotenoids, and their association with genetic variants in apo C-l , cholesteryl ester transfer protein, hepatic lipase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein [J] . British Journal of Nutrition, 2009, 101 (5) :680-687.
[27] Tang G. Bioconversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1468S-1473S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674G.
[28] 孙长颢．营养与食品卫生学．第8版．北京：人民卫生出版社，2017．
[29] 杨月欣, 葛可佑. 中国营养科学全书：全2册.第2版. 北京：人民卫生出版社，2019．
[30] von Lintig J, Moon J, Lee J, et al. Carotenoid metabolism at the intestinal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2020 Nov;1865(11):158580. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158580. Epub 2019 Nov 30.
[31] Reboul E. Mechanisms of Carotenoid Intestinal Absorption: Where Do We Stand? Nutrients. 2019 Apr 13;11(4):838. doi: 10.3390/nu11040838. PMID: 31013870; PMCID: PMC6520933.
[32] 段昊,闫文杰.缓解视疲劳功能的原料及其功效成分研究进展[J/OL].食品工业科技:1-13[2022-12-24].DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080358.
[33] von Lintig, J., Moon, J., & Babino, D. (2021). Molecular components affecting ocular carotenoid and retinoid homeostasis. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 80, 100864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100864
[34] Johra FT, Bepari AK, Bristy AT, et al. A Mechanistic Review of β-Carotene, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin in Eye Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 26;9(11):1046. doi: 10.3390/antiox9111046.
[35] Ayaki M, Kuze M, Kondo M, et al. Association between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and eye fatig ue[J]. BioMed research international,2019 Jan 23. Doi: 10.1155/2019/3014567.
[36] Mohana Devi, Subramaniam, Mahalaxmi, et al. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial transfer: A new dime nsion towards ocular diseases.[J]. Genes & diseases,2022,9(3):610-637.
[37] S.Y. Du, Y.L. Zhang, R.X. Bai, et al. (2015). Lutein prevents alcohol induced liver disease in rats by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 8, 8785-8793.
[38] Sezen Yilmaz Sarialtin,Tulay Coban. An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases[J]. Records of Natural Products,2018,12(2).
[39] R.R. He, B. Tsoi, F. Lan, et al. (2011). Antioxidant properties of lutein contribute to the protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced uveitis in mice, Chin. Med. 6, 38-45.
[40] 刘霁,白鸿,夏立营.叶黄素对缓解视疲劳人体试食功能试验的研究[J].中国药事,2012,26(08):902-905.DOI:10.16153/j.1002-7777.2012.08.017.
[41] Gong X, Draper CS, Allison GS, et al. Effects of the Macular Carotenoid Lutein in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel). 2017 Dec 4;6(4):100. doi: 10.3390/antiox6040100. PMID: 29207534; PMCID: PMC5745510.
[42] Biswal MR, Justis BD, Han P, et al. Daily zeaxanthin supplementation prevents atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in a mouse model of mitochondrial oxidative stress. PLoS One. 2018 Sep 28;13(9):e0203816. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203816.
[43] Orhan C, Akdemir F, Tuzcu M, et al. Protects Retina from Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov;32(9):631-637. doi: 10.1089/jop.2015.0154.
[44] Yu M, Yan W, Beight C. Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers Reduce Photoreceptor Degeneration in the Pde6brd10 Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Dec 17;2018:4374087. doi: 10.1155/2018/4374087.
[45] Kellogg III, E.W.; Fridovich, I. Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen in lipid peroxidation by a xanthine oxidase system. J. Biol. Chem. 1975, 250, 8812–8817.
[46] 袁克敏,钟芳,陈茂深,等.4种功效物质对视疲劳的缓解作用研究[J].食品与机械,2018,34(10):19-25+74.DOI:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2018.10.004.
[47] GIANNACCARE G, PELLEGRINI M, SENNI C, et al. Clinical Applications of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Ocular Diseases: Emerging Insights[J]. Mar Drugs. 2020,18(5):1-13.
[48] OTSUKA T, SHIMAZAWA M, INOUE Y, et al. Astaxanthin Protects Against Retinal Damage: Evidence from In Vivo and In Vitro Retinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Models[J]. Curr Eye Res. 2016,(11):1465-1472.
[49] Jia Li,Jianhua Sun,Bing Li, et al. Astaxanthin protects ARPE-19 cells against oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide[J]. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment,2018,32(5).
[50] Vlasiuk A, Asari H. Feedback from retinal ganglion cells to the inner retina. PLoS One. 2021 Jul 22;16(7):e0254611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254611.
[51] Nakajima Y, Inokuchi Y, Shimazawa M, et al. Astaxanthin, a dietary carotenoid, protects retinal cells against oxidative stress in-vitro and in mice in-vivo. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;60(10):1365-74. doi: 10.1211/jpp/60.10.0013.
[52] Lin CW, Yang CM, Yang CH. Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Blue Light Light-Emitting Diode-Induced Retinal Cell Damage via Free Radical Scavenging and Activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway in 661W Cell Model. Mar Drugs. 2020 Jul 25;18(8):387. doi: 10.3390/md18080387.
[53] 张会香,余绍蕾,鸭乔,等.红球藻软胶囊缓解视疲劳功能评价研究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2015,15(14):106-107.
[54] Enoki M, Shinto S, Matsuoka Y, et al. Lipid radicals cause light-induced retinal degenerationJ]. Chem Commun (Camb). 2017,53(79):10922-10925.
[55] Yong Wang,Liang Zhao,Chengtao Wang, et al. Protective effect of quercetin and chlorogenic acid, two polyphenols widely present in edible plant varieties, on visible light-induced retinal degeneration in vivo[J]. Journal of Functional Foods,2017,33.Foods,2017,33:103-111.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.034.
[56] NIDHI B, SHARAVANA G, RAMAPRASAD T R, et al. Lutein derived fragments exhibit higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than lutein in lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in rats[J]. Food Funct, 2015,6(2):450-460.DOI:10.1039/c4fo00606b.
[57] Yeh PT, Huang HW, Yang CM, et al. Astaxanthin Inhibits Expression of Retinal Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. PLoS One. 2016 Jan 14;11(1):e0146438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146438.
[58] Zhang HJ, Liu XB, Chen XM, et al. Lutein delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jul;17(7):1596-1603. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.330622.
[59] 杨娇,张雅琴,张黎,等.叶黄素对大鼠视网膜LED蓝光损伤的保护作用[J].中国食物与营养,2020,26(06):54-58.DOI:10.19870/j.cnki.11-3716/ts.2020.06.013.
[60] Kim MJ, Kim DH, Kwak Hs, et al. Protective Effect of Chrysanthemum boreale Flower Extracts against A2E-Induced Retinal Damage in ARPE-19 Cell]. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022,11(4):1-13.
[61] Handelman, G.J.; Snodderly, et al. Measurement of carotenoids in human and monkey retinas. Methods Enzymol. 1992, 213, 220–230.
[62] Bernstein, P . S., Li, B. , et al. (2016). Lutein, zeaxanthin, and mesozeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoidbased nutritional interventions against ocular disease. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 50, 34–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.003
[63] Arunkumar R, Gorusupudi A, Bernstein PS. The macular carotenoids: a biochemical overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. (2020)1865:158617. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158617
[64] R. Liu, T. Wang, B. Zhang, et al. (2014). Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration: A meta analysis, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 56, 252-258.
[65] Y.M. Huang, H.L. Dou, F.F. Huang, et al. (2015). Changes following supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin in retinal function in eyes with early age-relatedmacular degeneration: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 99, 371-375.
[66] Wang Y, Zhao L, Lu F, Yang X, Deng Q, Ji B, Huang F. Retinoprotective Effects of Bilberry Anthocyanins via Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms in a Visible Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration Model in Pigmented Rabbits. Molecules. 2015 Dec 14;20(12):22395-410. doi: 10.3390/molecules201219785.
[67] GILBERT R, PETO T, LENGYEL I, et al. Zinc Nutrition and Inflammation in the Aging Retina[J]. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Aug;63(15):1-16.