基于梯度降温的草鱼暂养及有水保活运输技术研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以草鱼为研究对象，基于梯度降温探究其半休眠及临界温度，研究温度（12-24 ℃）对草鱼存活和水质氨氮质量浓度的影响。分别以1、3、5 ℃/h的降温速率将水温从室温（23-25 ℃）降至半休眠温度（16 ℃）后保活，以室温暂养为对照组，以保活0、12、24、36、48 h作为采样时间点，检测其血清生化指标含量及抗氧化指标含量，探索获得适合草鱼冷驯的最大降温速率。结果表明：草鱼的半休眠温度为16 ℃，临界低温是6～8 ℃，最佳降温速率为3 ℃/h。在16 ℃下草鱼应激迟缓、代谢降低，水中氨氮含量较低。降温速率3 ℃/h条件降温下的各指标的最大值均显著小于1 ℃/h及5 ℃/h（P＜0.05），该降温速率下草鱼的超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px含量随保活时间延长先增加后降低，丙二醛MDA含量呈先降后增趋势，3 ℃/h降温处理下保活36 h达最小值（5.23 mmol/mg），相比对照组，三个降温组的各生化及抗氧化指标含量随保活时间延长均发生显著变化，因此，以3℃/h对草鱼冷驯化，其应激更小，进入半休眠状态时间更合适。本实验的结果可以为草鱼的暂养和运输流程提供关键参数，以指导操作和降低运输死亡率。

关键词: 低温休眠, 降温速率, 应激, 生化指标, 抗氧化指标

Abstract: The study was based on gradient cooling to investigate the semi-hidernation and critical temperature of grass carp. The effects of temperature on the survival duration and ammonia nitrogen contents in water were studied at 12-24 ℃. The temperature was reduced from room temperature (23-25℃) to 16℃ at cooling rate of 1, 3, and 5 ℃/h. The control group was reared at room temperature, and the sampling points were at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48h. The serum levels of biochemical parameters and antioxidant parameters were measured to obtain the maximum cooing rate for grass crap. The results showed that the optimal temperature of grass carp was 16°C, the critical temperature was between 6-8°C, and the optimal cooling rate was 3°C/h. The stress effects and metabolism were decreased, and lower contents of ammonia nitrogen in water were observed at 16 ℃.. The maximum values of all indexes under the cooling rate of 3 ℃/h were significantly lower than those under the cooling rates of 1 ℃/h and 5 ℃/h (P<0.05). And the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase SOD, hydrogen peroxidase CAT, and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px exhibited a phenomenon of initially increasing and then decreasing at 3℃/h.. The malondialdehyde MDA showed a decreasing trend followed by an inceasing trend. The group with 3℃/h cooling treatment had the minimum value of 5.23 mmol /mg at 36h. Changes in all serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes in the three cooling groups compared to the control group. . Therefore, cooling the grass carp at a rate of 3°C/h could reduce the stress response and allowed it to enter a semi-hibernation state for a more suitable duration. The results from this experiment could provide key parameters for acclimation and transportation of grass carp, as well as useful guidelines for reducing transportation mortaliy.

Key words: low-temperature hibernation, cooling rate, stress, biochemical indicators, antioxidant indicators

中图分类号:

TS254.1

何静怡魏涯岑剑伟郝淑贤陈胜军黄卉赵永强王悦齐杨少玲林织. 基于梯度降温的草鱼暂养及有水保活运输技术研究[J]. 食品科学, 0, (): 0-0.

HE jingyi Jianwei CEN Sheng-Jun CHEN Yongqiang ZHAO shoaling yang Zhi Lin. Research on temporary cool acclimation and keep-alive transportation with water based on gradient temperature for Ctenopharyngodon idellas[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 0, (): 0-0.

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