岩藻多糖降解酶的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 岩藻多糖降解酶是一类能够将大分子岩藻多糖水解为具有一定生物学活性的低分子量岩藻聚糖或其他产物的糖苷水解酶。岩藻多糖降解酶在活性岩藻低聚糖制备、生物制药和疾病诊断等领域具有重要的应用价值。本文从岩藻多糖降解酶的来源、性质、作用方式、结构和应用等方面进行综述，发现岩藻多糖降解酶主要来源于海洋微生物及海洋无脊椎动物，且不同物种来源的岩藻多糖降解酶在酶学性质、底物特异性、分子结构与催化机制等方面均存在着较大差异。不同类型的岩藻多糖降解酶负责催化复杂岩藻多糖的不同位点，生成具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血栓等多种特殊活性的岩藻低聚糖产物，因而利用岩藻多糖降解酶进行功能性药品和食品的制备逐渐成为多糖资源应用领域的研究热点。本文为后续岩藻多糖降解酶的研究提供理论支持，同时也为有效开发特殊生物学功效的岩藻低聚糖提供参考。

关键词: 岩藻多糖降解酶, 岩藻多糖, 岩藻糖苷酶, 结构与功能, 应用

Abstract: The fucoidan-degrading enzymes are glycoside hydrolases that can hydrolyze the macromolecular fucoidan into low molecular weight fucosan of certain biological activity or other products. It has essential application value in the field of preparation of active fucoidan oligosaccharides, biopharming and disease diagnosis. In this paper, the sources, properties, modes of action, structures and applications of fucoidan-degrading enzymes were reviewed. It was found that the fucoidan-degrading enzymes were mainly derived from marine microorganisms and marine invertebrates, and there were great differences in enzymatic properties, substrate specificity, molecular structures and catalytic mechanisms of fucoidan-degrading enzymes from diverse species. Different types of fucoidan-degrading enzymes were responsible for catalyzing various sites of complex fucoidans and producing fucoidan oligosaccharides with anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic or other special activities. Therefore, the utilization of fucoidan-degrading enzymes in the preparation of functional drugs and foods has gradually become a research focus in the application field of polysaccharide resources. This paper provides theoretical support for the subsequent research of fucoidan-degrading enzymes, and also provides references for the effective development of fucoidan oligosaccharides with special biological functions.

Key words: fucoidan-degrading enzymes, fucoidan, fucosidase, structure and function, application

中图分类号:

Q936

魏真陈金玲杨杰. 岩藻多糖降解酶的研究进展[J]. 食品科学.

Zhen WEI. Research progress of fucoidan-degrading enzymes[J]. FOOD SCIENCE.

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