寒地桑叶多糖化学组成及其生物活性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 桑叶多糖（mulberry leaf polysaccharide，MLP）具有良好的生物活性，但不同的桑树品种及其生长气候条件都会影响MLP的结构性质和功能。我国寒冷地区的桑树种植历史较短，对寒地桑叶活性成分的利用及其功能挖掘尚处于起步阶段。本文为探究龙桑一号（Morus abla L.cv. Longsang 1）MLP的结构及功能性质，采用水提法提取其MLP，并对该多糖的结构性质，以及体外降糖、抗氧化和免疫活性进行分析。结果表明：提取MLP得率为16.16±0.30 mg/g，其中糖含量为57.16±4.00 g/100 g，糖醛酸含量为30.97±2.06 g/100 g。凝胶渗透色谱（gel permeation chromatography，GPC）测得MLP分子量主要分布在21.74 kDa，单糖组成主要包括葡萄糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖、糖醛酸（包括葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸和甘露糖醛酸）、甘露糖，摩尔比为59.17：22.31：10.44：2.65：2.28：1.07。傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，FT-IR）和原子力显微镜（Atomic Force Microscope，AFM）分析表明MLP是一种吡喃糖，具有分支和相互交织、螺旋聚集的特点。测得MLP对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制作用的半数有效浓度（concentration for 50% of maximal effect，EC50）分别为1.81 mg/mL和2.91 mg/mL，其活性相当于阿卡波糖的49.17%和37.80%；清除DPPH、ABTS和羟基自由基的EC50分别为0.54 mg/mL、0.60 mg/mL和1.77 mg/mL，相当于抗坏血酸作用的4.77%、38.03%和19.94%；MLP作用于小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7，其促炎因子NO，TNF-α，IL-6和IL-1β分泌量增加，进而增强巨噬细胞增殖作用和吞噬能力至147%和146%，增强免疫调节作用。本研究结果可为寒地桑叶的应用和功能评价提供实验数据。

关键词: 寒地桑叶多糖, 结构特性, 免疫活性

Abstract: Mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) has good biological activity activities, but different mulberry varieties and their growth climate conditions can affect its structural properties and functions. The history of mulberry planting in cold regions of China is relatively short, and the utilization of active components and functional exploration of its leaves are still in their infancy. To investigate the structure and functional properties of MLP from Morus abla L.cv. Longsang 1, this study extracted MLP was extracted by water and analyzed its compositions, in vitro hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and immune activities. The results showed that yield of MLP extracted in Morus abla L.cv. Longsang 1 is 1.62±0.03 g/100g with the sugar content of 57.16±4.00 g/100 g and the sugar aldehyde acid content of 30.97±2.06 g/100 g. The molecular weight distribution of MLP measured by GPC mainly focused on 21.74 kDa and the monosaccharide composition analysis showed that MLP mainly contained includes glucose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, uronic acid (including glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, and mannuronic acid), and mannose, with a molar ratio of 59.17:22.31:10.44:2.65:2.28:1.07. FT-IR and AFM analysis indicated that MLP was a pyranose with branched and intertwined, helical aggregation characteristics. The EC50 of MLP for inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase were determined to be 1.81 mg/mL and 2.91 mg/mL, respectively, which corresponded to 49.17% and 37.80% of the activity of acarbose. The EC50 for scavenging DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals were 0.54 mg/mL, 0.60 mg/mL, and 1.77 mg/mL, respectively, which corresponded to 4.77%, 38.03%, and 19.94% of the effect of ascorbic acid. When MLP was applied to mouse macrophage RAW264.7, it increased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, thereby enhancing macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis by 147% and 146%, respectively, and enhancing immune modulation. The research results can provide experimental data for the application and functional evaluation of mulberry leaves in cold regions.

Key words: Mulberry leaf polysaccharide in cold regions, structural characteristics, immunological activity

中图分类号:

TS255

韩晓云郑丹张雪瑶杜宝昌孙庆申. 寒地桑叶多糖化学组成及其生物活性分析[J]. 食品科学.

Dan Zheng Xueyao ZHANG Baochang Du Qing-Shen SUN. Chemical composition and biological activity of mulberry leaves polysaccharides in cold regions[J]. FOOD SCIENCE.

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