采前喷施壳寡糖对采后西梅黑斑病的控制

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摘要：为探究采前喷施壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharides，COS)对采后西梅果实黑斑病的防控作用，本试验以新疆‘法兰西’西梅为试材，在西梅果实发育的4个时期（坐果期、膨大期、转色期及成熟期）用不同浓度（0.05% g/100mL、0.10% g/100mL、0.20% g/100mL）COS进行喷施处理，喷施清水作为对照。采前COS 处理的西梅果实经交孢链格孢( Alternaria alternata)损伤接种后于温度1.0±1℃、相对湿度90%～95%条件下贮藏90 d，每15 d取样并测定相关指标。COS对A.alternata的体外抑菌试验结果表明：COS能显著抑制A.alternata菌落生长和孢子萌发，电镜观察发现COS处理的A.alternata菌丝表面粗糙，粗细不均匀，部分出现塌陷，菌丝结构受到明显影响。采前喷施0.10% g/100mL COS处理能显著抑制采后西梅果实接种A.alternata发病率与病斑直径的增加。采前喷施COS可增强超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、几丁质酶（chitinase，CHT）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（β-1,3-glucanase，GLU）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanin ammonialyase，PAL）、4－香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4－coumaric acid coenzyme－A－ligase，4CL)和肉桂酸－4－羟化酶(cinnamate－4－hydroxylase，C4H)活性，促进总酚、类黄酮和木质素含量的积累并使贮藏前期过氧化氢(Hydrogen peroxide，H2O2)快速累积，后期保持较低水平。说明采前喷施COS可通过直接抑菌和诱导抗病性两个途径增强采后西梅果实对黑斑病的抗性。

关键词: 关键词：壳寡糖, 采前喷施, 西梅, 体外抑菌, 诱导抗病性

Abstract: Abstract: To investigate the effect of preharvest application of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on the control of postharvest black spot disease in prune fruits, this study used ‘French’ prune from Xinjiang as the experimental material. The prune fruits were treated with different concentrations of COS (0.05% g/100mL, 0.10% g/100mL, and 0.20% g/100mL) at four developmental stages (fruit setting, expansion, color change, and maturity), with water treatment as a control. After preharvest COS treatment, the prune fruits were inoculated with Alternaria alternata and stored for 90 days at a temperature of 1.0±1℃ and a relative humidity of 90%-95%. Samples were taken every 15 days to measure relevant indicators.The results of in vitro antifungal tests demonstrated that COS significantly hindered the colony expansion and spore germination of A.alternata. Examination under an electron microscope unveiled that the hyphae of A.alternata, when exposed to COS, exhibited a rough exterior, irregular thickness, and partial structural collapse, thereby indicating notable disruption to the hyphal integrity. Notably, the preharvest application of 0.10% g/100mL COS proved effective in substantially reducing the incidence and lesion size progression in prune fruits inoculated with A.alternata during postharvest storage.Furthermore, prune fruits subjected to preharvest COS treatment exhibited elevated enzymatic activities, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), chitinase(CHT), β-1,3-glucanase(GLU), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), 4-coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase(4CL), and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase(C4H). This treatment also facilitated the buildup of total phenols, flavonoids, and lignin, along with a rapid surge in hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) levels during the initial storage phase, which was subsequently maintained at lower levels in later stages.These findings suggest that preharvest application of COS can enhance the resistance of postharvest prune fruits to black spot disease through both direct antifungal action and induced disease resistance.

Key words: Keywords: chitosan, pre-harvest spraying, prune, in vitro bacterial inhibition, induced disease resistance

中图分类号:

TS255.36

李文博张新祺赵亚婷田瑞吴颖颉范雅青张璇李佳欣朱璇. 采前喷施壳寡糖对采后西梅黑斑病的控制[J]. 食品科学, 2025, 46(7): 0-0.

Wen-Bo LI Xin Qi Zhang 采前喷施壳寡糖对采后西梅黑斑病的控制李文博 Xin Qi Zhang 采前喷施壳寡糖对采后西梅黑斑病的控制李文博采前喷施壳寡糖对采后西梅黑斑病的控制李文博. Control of postharvest prune black spot disease by preharvest chitosan spraying[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2025, 46(7): 0-0.

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