食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (18): 169-155.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250307-057

• 成分分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于代谢组学的容德小黑鸡蛋黄和北京油鸡蛋黄特征品质分析

刘佳琪,连昭慧,杜辉,王欣然,李成,刘美玉   

  1. (1.河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北?邯郸 056038;2.北京市农林科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所,北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(246Z7103G);河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024260208)

Metabolomics-Based Analysis of the Characteristic Quality of Egg Yolks from Rongde Xiaohei Chicken and Beijing You Chicken

LIU Jiaqi, LIAN Zhaohui, DU Hui, WANG Xinran, LI Cheng, LIU Meiyu   

  1. (1. School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; 2. Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)
  • Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-08-19

摘要: 为明确不同产地特色鸡蛋的品质差异,本研究采用代谢组学技术,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱、气相色谱等方法,对培育品种容德小黑鸡蛋黄与地方品种北京油鸡蛋黄品质进行全面分析,结果表明,两种鸡蛋蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋质量、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄质量、蛋黄粗蛋白及蛋黄粗脂肪等指标均无显著差异。容德小黑鸡蛋黄(RDY)与北京油鸡蛋黄(BJY)的差异代谢物共293 种,变量投影重要性值最大的是胡椒内酰胺A(P<0.05),可作为区分2 种鸡蛋黄潜在的标志性代谢物;京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析显示2 种蛋黄的差异代谢通路共5 条,包括甘油磷脂代谢、亚油酸代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、甘油脂代谢和花生四烯酸代谢,这些通路可通过代谢途径的重叠、信号传导及能量代谢影响脂肪酸种类和含量。甘油脂代谢通路、甘油磷脂代谢通路中1,2-二酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,PA)上调,促进了肉豆蔻酸、油酸、棕榈油酸、神经酸的积累,使其含量在RDY中显著高于BJY(P<0.05)。甘油磷脂代谢通路中PA上调,细胞会优先利用硬脂酸参与磷脂合成,从而减少硬脂酸的积累,使得RDY中硬脂酸含量显著低于BJY(P<0.05);RDY中亚油酸含量显著低于BJY(P<0.05),而亚油酸是必需脂肪酸,作为亚油酸代谢通路的底物,其含量降低导致RDY亚油酸代谢通路中9(S)-羟基十八碳二烯酸下调。本研究可为河北省特色鸡蛋品牌建设与产地溯源提供数据支撑。

关键词: 蛋黄;代谢组学;超高效液相色谱-串联质谱;气相色谱;京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析

Abstract: To elucidate the differences in quality between egg yolks from different origins, this study employed metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography (GC) to analyze the metabolite composition of egg yolks from Rongde Xiaohei chicken (RDY), a newly developed breed, and Beijing You chicken (BJY). The results indicated no significant differences between the two breeds in terms of egg shape index, eggshell strength, egg mass, Haugh unit, eggshell thickness, yolk mass, crude protein, or crude fat contents. A total of 293 differential metabolites were identified between RDY and BJY. The metabolite with the highest variable importance in projection (VIP) value was pepperolactam A (P < 0.05), suggesting its potential as a biomarker for distinguishing between the two egg yolks. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed five significantly enriched metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. These pathways influenced the types and contents of fatty acids through metabolic pathway overlap, signal transduction, and energy metabolism. In the glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways, the upregulation of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PA) promoted the accumulation of myristic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and neurogenic acid, whose contents were significantly higher in RDY than in BJY (P < 0.05). In contrast, the upregulation of PA in the glycerophospholipid pathway led to preferential utilization of stearic acid in phospholipid synthesis, thereby reducing its accumulation; with RDY exhibiting significantly lower levels of stearic acid than BJY (P < 0.05). Additionally, RDY contained significantly lower levels of linoleic acid than did BJY (P < 0.05). As a substrate in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, the decreased content of linoleic acid led to downregulation of 9(S)-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (9(S)-HODE) in RDY. This study provides data support for the development of specialty egg brands and traceability systems in Hebei province.

Key words: egg yolk; metabolomics; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; gas chromatography; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis

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