不同灵芝广泛靶向代谢组学及其提取物功能活性比较

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251218-154

食品科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 169-182.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251218-154

• 营养卫生 • 上一篇

不同灵芝广泛靶向代谢组学及其提取物功能活性比较

马珂，杜昱忻，李欣怡，蒙晓琳，梁朋光，韦珍，牙丽娜，邓中霖，韦红言，韦敏灵，何雪梅，唐雅园

（1.广西壮族自治区农业科学院，广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室，广西南宁 530007；2.西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院，云南昆明 650224；3.山东城市服务职业学院，山东烟台 264670；4.培力（南宁）药业有限公司，广西南宁 530007）

发布日期:2026-07-02
基金资助:
广西科技计划项目（桂科LT2600640008）；广西特色作物试验站建设任务项目（TS202223）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2026YT163；桂农科2026YP038）

Widely Targeted Metabolomics of Different Ganoderma lucidum Cultivars and Functional Activities of Their Extracts: A Comparative Study

MA Ke, DU Yuxin, LI Xinyi, MENG Xiaolin, LIANG Pengguang, WEI Zhen, YA Lina, DENG Zhonglin, WEI Hongyan, WEI Minling, HE Xuemei, TANG Yayuan

(1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing New Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; 2. College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; 3. Shandong City Service Institute, Yantai 264670, China; 4. PuraPharm (Nanning) Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanning 530007, China)

Published:2026-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究选取江西黑灵芝（JXH）、贵州无粉灵芝（GZWF）、广西天峨赤灵芝（GXC）、广西天峨无粉灵芝（GXWF）、广西南丹灵芝（ND）5 种不同产地与品种的灵芝，通过形态、营养成分、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术及体外活性评价，系统比较其营养组成、次生代谢产物以及醇提物和水提物的功能活性差异，深入挖掘灵芝的食药用价值。营养成分分析显示，不同灵芝品种在活性成分含量上存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。其中，GZWF的水溶性浸出物含量较高（59.9 mg/g）；ND的总三萜（9.62 mg/g）、总黄酮（15.13 mg/g）与总酚（5.28 mg/g）含量均显著高于其他品种（P＜0.05）；而GXWF的多糖含量较高（14.77 mg/g）。进一步对次生代谢物分析，共鉴定出436 种差异代谢物。聚类分析表明，GXC中富集了大量以灵芝酸为代表的三萜类成分。京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析表明，以甘油磷脂代谢为主的途径是驱动5 组灵芝间表型与代谢组整体差异的核心通路。功能活性分析显示，GXC醇提物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基和2,2′-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基的清除能力最强（半抑制浓度分别为0.102、0.590 mg/mL），表明其抗氧化贡献最突出，而GZWF醇提物对超氧阴离子自由基、弹性蛋白酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制能力最强（半抑制浓度分别为0.065、0.036、0.075 mg/mL），对体外抗衰老和降血糖贡献较大。相关性分析显示，黄酮和三萜类可能是决定提取物功能活性的主要成分。各灵芝醇提物的功能活性均优于其水提物，为灵芝药食同源价值的挖掘和功能食品开发提供了指导意义。

关键词: 灵芝；代谢组学；提取物；抗氧化活性；抗衰老活性；降血糖活性

Abstract: To explore the medicinal and edible value of Ganoderma lucidum, this study selected five samples of G. lucidum fruit bodies from different cultivars/production regions, including black G. lucidum from Jiangxi (JXH), sporeless G. lucidum from Guizhou (GZWF), G. lucidum from Tian’e, Guangxi (GXC), sporeless G. lucidum from Tian’e, Guangxi (GXWF), and G. lucidum from Nandan, Guangxi (ND) for comparison of their morphology, nutritional composition, and secondary metabolite composition. The secondary metabolites were analyzed by ultra‑high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the functional activities of the ethanol and water extracts from each sample were determined and compared. Nutritional analysis revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in active compound contents among different G. lucidum samples. GZWF had the highest water-soluble extract content (59.9 mg/g), while ND exhibited significantly higher levels of total triterpenoids (9.62 mg/g), total flavonoids (15.13 mg/g), and total polyphenols (5.28 mg/g) compared with the other samples (P < 0.05). GXWF contained the highest polysaccharide content (14.77 mg/g). Secondary metabolite analysis detected 436 differential metabolites across all five G. lucidum samples. Cluster analysis revealed that GXC contained abundant triterpenoids, primarily ganoderic acids. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis demonstrated that pathways dominated by glycerophospholipid metabolism constituted the core mechanism responsible for the overall phenotypic and metabolomic differences among the five G. lucidum samples. Functional assays demonstrated that the ethanol extract of GXC exhibited the strongest scavenging capacity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.102 and 0.590 mg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the ethanol extract of GZWF showed the highest inhibitory activity against superoxide anion radical, elastase, and α‑glucosidase (with IC50 values of 0.065, 0.036, and 0.075 mg/mL, respectively), suggesting its potential for anti‑aging and hypoglycemic effects in vitro. Correlation analysis showed that flavonoids and triterpenoids might be the major components determining the functional activity of the extracts. Notably, for all G. lucidum samples, the bioactivity of the ethanol extracts was superior to that of their aqueous counterparts. These findings provide important guidance for exploiting the medicinal and edible value of G. lucidum and developing related functional foods.

Key words: Ganoderma lucidum; metabolomics; extracts; antioxidant activity; anti-aging activity; hypoglycemic activity

中图分类号:

TS218

马珂，杜昱忻，李欣怡，蒙晓琳，梁朋光，韦珍，牙丽娜，邓中霖，韦红言，韦敏灵，何雪梅，唐雅园. 不同灵芝广泛靶向代谢组学及其提取物功能活性比较[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(11): 169-182 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251218-154

MA Ke, DU Yuxin, LI Xinyi, MENG Xiaolin, LIANG Pengguang, WEI Zhen, YA Lina, DENG Zhonglin, WEI Hongyan, WEI Minling, HE Xuemei, TANG Yayuan. Widely Targeted Metabolomics of Different Ganoderma lucidum Cultivars and Functional Activities of Their Extracts: A Comparative Study[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2026, 47(11): 169-182 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251218-154

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不同灵芝广泛靶向代谢组学及其提取物功能活性比较

Widely Targeted Metabolomics of Different Ganoderma lucidum Cultivars and Functional Activities of Their Extracts: A Comparative Study

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