HS-SPME-GC-MS结合OPLS-DA分析原料产地对红枣提取物挥发性成分的影响

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260122-186

食品科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (16): 223-229.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260122-186

HS-SPME-GC-MS结合OPLS-DA分析原料产地对红枣提取物挥发性成分的影响

李瑞丽，陈婷妮，赵海娟，潘文亮，张逸寒，梁淼，段旭瑞，郑思盈，张通

（1.郑州轻工业大学烟草科学与工程学院，河南?郑州 450001；2.河南中烟工业有限责任公司安阳卷烟厂，河南?安阳 455006；3.河北中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心，河北?石家庄 050051）

出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-09-03
基金资助:
中国烟草总公司重点研发项目（110202402037）

Influence of Geographical Origin on the Volatile Components of Chinese Jujube Extract Analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS Coupled with OPLS-DA

LI Ruili, CHEN Tingni, ZHAO Haijuan, PAN Wenliang, ZHANG Yihan, LIANG Miao, DUAN Xurui, ZHENG Siying, ZHANG Tong

(1. College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2. Anyang Cigarette Factory of Henan China Tobacco Industry Co. Ltd., Anyang 455006, China; 3. Technical Center, Hebei Tobacco Industry Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050051, China)

Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-09-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析对原料产地为新疆阿克苏、新疆若羌、宁夏银川、河南新郑和甘肃庆阳的红枣超声辅助热回流制备提取物（XJAKS、XJRQ、NXYC、HNXZ和GSQY）的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明：1）不同原料产地的红枣提取物中共检测出50 种挥发性成分，酮类物质数量和含量占比均最高，且含量最高的物质均为2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮；除酮类物质外，占比较高的挥发性成分为癸酸、月桂酸、糠醛等酸类和醛类物质。2）GSQY的挥发性成分数量最多，呈焦糖与烘烤香的香气成分含量最高，烃类等无特殊香气的物质含量较低；XJRQ的挥发性成分数量最少，且香气成分含量最低。3）XJAKS、HNXZ和GSQY的挥发性成分有显著差异，XJRQ和NXYC的挥发性成分差异相对较小。4）基于变量投影重要性筛选出2-乙氧基-4-乙基-2,3-二氢呋喃、十八烷、苯甲醛等21 种对红枣提取物原料产地的区分起重要作用的物质。本研究为红枣提取物的加工利用及原料选择提供参考和指导。

关键词: 红枣提取物；产地；顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用；正交偏最小二乘判别分析；挥发性成分

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the influence of geographical origin on the volatile components of Chinese jujube extract. An ultrasonic-assisted hot reflux extraction method was used to prepare ethanol extract from jujube samples collected from Akesu and Ruoqiang in Xinjiang (XJAKS and XJRQ), Yinchuan in Ningxia (NXYC), Xinzheng in Henan (HNXZ), and Qingyang in Gansu (GSQY), followed by analysis of volatile components using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that 1) a total of 50 volatile components were identified in all jujube extracts, with both the number and amount of ketones accounting for the highest proportion of the total volatile components and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one being the most abundant, followed by acids and aldehydes such as capric acid, lauric acid, and furfural; 2) GSQY contained the largest number of volatile components, with the highest content of aroma components contributing to caramel and baked aromas and a lower content of non-aroma substances such as hydrocarbons, while XJRQ had the fewest volatile components and the lowest content of aroma components; 3) significant differences existed in the volatile components of XJAKS, HNXZ, and GSQY, while the differences in volatile components between XJRQ and NXYC were relatively small; and 4) Based on variable importance in projection (VIP) values, 21 compounds, including 2-ethoxy-4-ethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran, octadecane and benzaldehyde, were identified as key factors in distinguishing the geographical origins of Chinese jujubes. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the processing, utilization and raw material selection of Chinese jujube extracts.

Key words: Chinese jujube extracts; geographical origin; headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis; volatile components

中图分类号:

TS202.3

李瑞丽，陈婷妮，赵海娟，潘文亮，张逸寒，梁淼，段旭瑞，郑思盈，张通. HS-SPME-GC-MS结合OPLS-DA分析原料产地对红枣提取物挥发性成分的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(16): 223-229 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260122-186

LI Ruili, CHEN Tingni, ZHAO Haijuan, PAN Wenliang, ZHANG Yihan, LIANG Miao, DUAN Xurui, ZHENG Siying, ZHANG Tong. Influence of Geographical Origin on the Volatile Components of Chinese Jujube Extract Analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS Coupled with OPLS-DA[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2026, 47(16): 223-229 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260122-186

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HS-SPME-GC-MS结合OPLS-DA分析原料产地对红枣提取物挥发性成分的影响

Influence of Geographical Origin on the Volatile Components of Chinese Jujube Extract Analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS Coupled with OPLS-DA

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