Abstract: In recent years, the misuse and abuse of antibiotics have become a widespread problem. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes in foods are a global concern because diseases caused by them pose a threat to human health. Therefore, it is of significant importance to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the farm to the table. This paper describes the five steps of hazard identification, release assessment, exposure assessment, dose-response relationship assessment, and risk assessment based on the principles and guidelines for microbiological risk assessment developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. We analyze cases of risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, we review recent progress in risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods and prevention and control measures against them, in order to provide a theoretical basis for risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the future.

Key words: antibiotic, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, risk assessment