Abstract: At present, the incidence of food allergy is increasing worldwide. Food allergy has become a food safety and public health issue of growing concern. In addition to genetic factors, dietary factors are important factors causing increased risks of food allergy, and the intestinal microbiota plays an important mediating role between diet and the immune system. In view of this, this article systematically reviews recent studies on dietary risk factors for food allergy by summarizing the immunological mechanisms of action of different risk factors and the results of cohort studies and intervention experiments and by providing an in-depth discussion on the role of the intestinal flora in this regard. This review will provide references and new ideas for researchers to develop strategies for the prevention and control of food allergy, as well as understand the mechanism of food allergy using the intestinal microbiota as a target and develop regulatory strategies.

Key words: food allergy; allergen; food risk factors; intestinal mucosal immunity; intestinal microorganisms