Bioaccumulation and Speciation Analysis of Selenium in Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Abstract

Abstract: The bioaccumulation and chemical species of selenium in garlic (Allium sativum L.) were investigated. Total selenium content in garlic bulb and stem were determined. The selenium speciation of garlic was analyzed by water extraction, acid extraction or enzymatic extraction followed by HPLC-ICP/MS. The results showed that total selenium content in garlic was significantly increased from 0.047μg/g to 0.200—0.834μg/g (P＜0.05), and total selenium content in stem with 0.043μg/g was significantly increased to 0.291— 0.962μg/g (P＜0.05) by foliar application of Se fertilizer. Compared with water and acid extraction, enzymatic extraction was selected for the extraction of Se species as the preferable method. Subsequently, the major selenospecies in regular garlic and Se-enriched garlic were identified as MeSeCys, SeCys2 and SeⅣ. Compared with regular garlic, the major transformed organic selenospecies in Se-enriched garlic by foliar application was MeSeCys, which represented nearly 81.2% of total selenium in garlic extract. Moreover, MeSeCys from Se-enriched garlic was identified by ESI-MS. However, an unknown selenospecies in acid extract needs to be clarified in future study.

Key words: garlic, selelnium, chemical speciation, ICP-MS

References

[1] Tsuji P A, Davis C D, Milner J A, et al., Selenium: dietary sources and human requirements. 2012, Springer New York. p. 517-529.
[2] Hou J, Wang T, Liu M, et al. Suboptimal selenium supply—A continuing problem in Keshan disease areas in Heilongjiang province[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 2011, 143(3): 1255-1263.
[3] Yang J, Wang T, Wu C, et al. Selenium level surveillance for the year 2007 of Keshan disease in endemic areas and analysis on surveillance results between 2003 and 2007[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 2010, 138(1): 53-59.
[4] Xia Y, Hill K E, Byrne D W, et al. Effectiveness of selenium supplements in a low-selenium area of China[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005, 81(4): 829-834.
[5] 陈敏. 微量元素硒的存在形式及其生物学功能[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2005, 41(6): 60-63.
[6] 王晋民, 蔡甲福. 不同硒处理对大蒜含硒量及产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2006, 22(4): 342-344.
[7] 刁娟娟, 李莉, 阳胜, 等. 氢化物原子荧光法测定大蒜及其制品中的硒[J]. 食品科学, 2009, 30(4): 166-168.
[8] 院金谒, 王朴, 刘正兴, 等. 土壤施硒对大蒜生理特性、含硒量及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业大学学报, 2010, 33(1): 19-22.
[9] Larsen E, Lobinski R, Burger-Me?er K, et al. Uptake and speciation of selenium in garlic cultivated in soil amended with symbiotic fungi (mycorrhiza) and selenate[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2006, 385(6): 1098-1108.
[10] Zhang T, Gao Y X, Li B, et al. Study of selenium speciation in selenized rice using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2008, 36(2): 206-210.
[11] Hu Q, Chen L, Xu J, et al. Determination of selenium concentration in rice and the effect of foliar application of Se-enriched fertiliser or sodium selenite on the selenium content of rice[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2002, 82(8): 869-872.
[12] Cankur O, Yathavakilla S K V, Caruso J A. Selenium speciation in dill (Anethum graveolens L.) by ion pairing reversed phase and cation exchange HPLC with ICP-MS detection[J]. Talanta, 2006, 70(4): 784-790.
[13] 丁莉, 武芸, 尚红喜. 植物体内含硒生物大分子基础与应用研究进展[J]. 湖北民族学院学报, 2004, 22(2): 45-48.
[14] Dumont E, Ogra Y, Vanhaecke F, et al. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS): a powerful combination for selenium speciation in garlic (Allium sativum) [J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2006, 384(5): 1196-1206.
[15] Gosetti F, Frascarolo P, Polati S, et al. Speciation of selenium in diet supplements by HPLC-MS/MS methods[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 105(4): 1738-1747.
[16] Lindemann T, Hintelmann H. Selenium speciation by HPLC with tandem mass spectrometric detection[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2002, 372(3): 486-490.