FOOD SCIENCE ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 207-213.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20181218-203

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Comparative Lipidomic Analysis of Human, Bovine and Caprine Milk

ZHANG Hongda, WANG Lina, ZHANG Yu, LI Xiaodong, LENG Youbin, GONG Yanni, JIANG Shilong   

  1. (1. College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;2. Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; 3. Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd., Harbin 150030, China; 4. Heilongjiang Wandashan Linhai Liquid Milk Co. Ltd., Mudanjiang 157100, China)
  • Online:2020-02-25 Published:2020-03-02

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Abstract: In this study, the total lipid components of human, bovine and caprine milk were quantitatively analyzed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrum. A total of 17 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 11 ceramides (Cer), 15 sphingomyelins (SM), 3 hexosylceramides (HexCer), 32 diglycerides (DG) and 25 triglycerides (TG) were detected in all samples. There were 36 lipid components that significantly differed between human and bovine milk, and 14 lipid components were found to significantly differ between human and caprine milk (P < 0.05). The results showed that the polar lipid content of human milk (1 462.99 μg/mL) was significantly lower than that of caprine milk but higher than that of bovine milk (P < 0.05). In human and bovine milk, the contents of various polar lipids were ranked as: SM > Cer > PC > HexCer, while in the decreasing order for caprine milk was Cer > SM > HexCer > PC. SM was the main class of polar lipids that showed a significant difference between human and bovine milk. The contents of SM (d14:0/20:0) and SM (d15:0/24:1) (15.90 and 16.55 μg/mL, respectively) were significantly higher in human milk than in bovine milk (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between caprine milk and human milk except for PC (26:0/0:0). The content of neutral lipids in human milk (47 749.40 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in bovine and caprine milk (P < 0.05). The main neutral lipids that significantly differed between human milk and bovine and caprine milk were triglycerides. In particular, the contents of TG (14:0/16:0/18:0) and TG (16:0/17:0/18:0) in human milk were significantly lower than those in bovine and caprine milk (P < 0.05), and there were significant differences in the content of TG (17:2/18:0/20:5) among the three milks (P < 0.05). This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of lipids in infant formulas, and indicates that the identified differential lipid molecules can be used as a lipid marker for identification of bovine and caprine milk.

Key words: human milk, bovine milk, caprine milk, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrum, lipidomics

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