Abstract: Abstract：β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is present in all organisms and has attracted widespread attention as a nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical product for the treatment of various diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, aging, and vascular dysfunction. Chemical synthesis is the main production method of NMN, but it faces challenges such as complex synthesis routes, harsh reaction conditions, difficulties in chiral separation of products, and the use of organic solvents, resulting in high product prices and limited applications. In contrast, biosynthesis, with its significant advantages of non-toxicity, mild processing conditions, high substrate specificity, strong product selectivity, and high conversion efficiency, has gradually become an ideal alternative for NMN production. The biosynthesis of NMN mainly starts from niacinamide, nicotinamide riboside, niacin, or glucose, and involves different metabolic pathways, with key enzymes including nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinamide riboside kinase, and NMN synthase. This article focuses on the latest research progress in enzyme catalysis and fermentation for NMN production, including enzyme screening and evolution, enzyme cascading catalytic reaction design, enzyme immobilization, cell factory construction, and fermentation process optimization strategies. In addition, the biosynthesis technologies of NMN derivatives nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are introduced. These studies will provide references for the development of low-cost, high-efficiency methods for the production of NMN and its derivatives.

Key words: β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Nicotinamide riboside, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Biosynthesis