食品科学

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

渭北不同树龄苹果品质因子分析与综合评价

李 鹏1,2,王益权1,*,梁化学1   

  1. 1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西 杨凌 712100;2.陕西省发展一村一品指导中心,陕西 西安 710003
  • 出版日期:2016-02-15 发布日期:2016-02-26

Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Quality Factors of Apple Trees at Different Ages in Main Growing Regions to the North of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province

LI Peng1,2, WANG Yiquan1,*, LIANG Huaxue1   

  1. 1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
    2. Guidance Center for the Development of “One Village One Brand” Campaign of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710003, China
  • Online:2016-02-15 Published:2016-02-26

摘要:

为探求渭北苹果主产区果实品质的演变过程和稳定性,分别以洛川、白水县两个富士苹果主产地的果树树龄为0~10、11~15、16~20、21~25 a、大于25 a所结的苹果果实为研究对象,分别对收获期富士苹果单果的质量、体积、质量与体积比、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、钙质量分数7 项指标进行测定,并运用综合指标法对不同树龄果树所结苹果的品质进行综合分析和归纳。结果表明:随树龄增加,苹果单果质量和体积呈明显增加的趋势,进入果树盛果期(16 a)后基本稳定;果实质量与体积比随树龄增加未有显著变化;果实硬度随树龄增加呈缓慢下降的趋势,但不同树龄间果实硬度差异不显著;不同树龄果实的可溶性固形物含量呈波动性变化;可滴定酸含量随树龄呈先增加后降低的趋势;果实中钙质量分数随树龄增加呈“V”字型变化。果实品质综合评价为树龄小于16 a时处于提升过程,大于25 a则明显下降。由此可以得出,渭北苹果优生区的苹果品质并不稳定,“相对稳定的优果期”仅为树龄在16~25 a的10 a时间里,期间富士苹果的综合品质最佳,树龄大于25 a的苹果品质退化明显。

关键词: 树龄, 富士苹果, 品质分析, 综合指标, 渭北地区

Abstract:

To investigate the evolution process and stability of fruit quality of apple trees in major growing areas to the
north of the Weihe River in Shaanxi province, mature fruits of Fuji apple trees at different ages (0-10, 11–15, 16–20, 21–25,
and > 25 years old) at orchards located in two major growing counties, Luochuan and Baishui, were analyzed for single
fruit weight, volume, density, hardness, soluble solids, titratable acids and calcium content, and comprehensive quality
evaluation of apples was carried out based on these seven quality indicators. The results demonstrated that single fruit weight
and volume markedly increased with increasing tree age. When the trees entered the peak fruit period (16 years old), they
remained basically stable. Fruit density showed no significant difference with tree age. Fruit hardness slowly declined with
the increase of tree age. But the differences in the fruit hardness of apple trees of different ages did not reach the significance
level. Soluble solid contents in the fruits of trees of different ages showed fluctuation, and titratable acids first increased
and then decreased with increasing tree age. Changes in calcium content presented a V-shaped trend with the extension of
tree age. Comprehensive evaluation showed the fruit quality exhibited an ascending trend with tree age up to 16 years and
significantly declined when the tree was over 25 years old. According to the above analysis, the fruit quality of apple trees
from the best growing areas to the north of the Weihe River was unstable. The relatively stable fruiting period for the best
fruit quality was confined to trees ranging in age from 16 to 25 years old. The fruit quality was deteriorated significantly in
trees aged over 25 years old.

Key words: tree age, Fuji apple, quality analysis, comprehensive evaluation indicators, regions to the north of the Weihe River

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