金钗石斛多糖的结构表征及体外降糖活性分析

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251024-177

食品科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 85-96.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251024-177

金钗石斛多糖的结构表征及体外降糖活性分析

郭兴利，王元鹤，张艳烨，徐鹏程，周莹，胡江苗，杨柳

（1.贵州医科大学药学院，贵州贵阳 561113；2.中国科学院昆明植物研究所，云南昆明 650051；3.龙陵县石斛研究所，云南保山 678300）

出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-10
基金资助:
云南省科技厅科技计划面上项目（202401AT070019）；云南省科技厅科技计划重点项目（202401AS070075）；云南省产业创新人才项目（yfgrc202439）

Structural Characterization and in Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.

GUO Xingli, WANG Yuanhe, ZHANG Yanye, XU Pengcheng, ZHOU Ying, HU Jiangmiao, YANG Liu

(1. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; 2. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650051, China; 3. Institute of Caulis Dendrobii of Longling County, Baoshan 678300, China)

Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究金钗石斛多糖的结构特征和体外降糖活性，本实验以金钗石斛茎为材料，通过水提醇沉法，结合阴离子交换层析柱、凝胶层析柱分离纯化，获得均一多糖组分。通过高效液相色谱、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振波谱等方法对其结构进行解析。结果显示，DNP-6和DNP-7为中性多糖，其分子质量分别为2.70×103 Da和1.23×103 Da，总糖相对含量分别为90.45%和93.49%，蛋白相对含量分别为2.28%和1.29%，主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖组成，其物质的量比分别为6.76∶1和6.63∶1，其糖苷键构型以α构型为主，同时存在少量β构型的吡喃糖。一维和二维核磁共振分析结果显示，DNP-6和DNP-7的主链构成为→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp/β-D-Glcp。此外，细胞葡萄糖消耗实验和胰岛素抵抗实验显示，DNP-6和DNP-7具有良好的降糖活性，且分子质量较高的DNP-6降糖活性优于DNP-7。

关键词: 金钗石斛；多糖；结构表征；降糖活性

Abstract: This study explored the structural characteristics and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides from the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.. Two homogeneous polysaccharides, DNP-6 and DNP-7, were obtained by water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation and subsequent successive anion exchange and gel column chromatography. Their structures were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that DNP-6 and DNP-7 were neutral polysaccharides with molecular mass of 2.70 × 103 and 1.23 × 103 Da, containing 90.45% and 93.49% total sugar and 2.28% and 1.29% protein, respectively. They were mainly composed of glucose and mannose, with molar ratios of 6.76:1 and 6.63:1, respectively. The glycosidic bonds were mainly of α-configuration, with a small amount of β-pyranose. One-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR results showed that the main chain composition of DNP-6 and DNP-7 was: →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp/β-D-Glcp. In addition, the results of in vitro glucose consumption and insulin resistance tests showed that both polysaccharides had good hypoglycemic activity, and DNP-6 possessed stronger activity than DNP-7.

Key words: Dendrobium nobile Lindl.; polysaccharides; structural characterization; hypoglycemic activity

中图分类号:

R284

郭兴利，王元鹤，张艳烨，徐鹏程，周莹，胡江苗，杨柳. 金钗石斛多糖的结构表征及体外降糖活性分析[J]. 食品科学, 2026, 47(10): 85-96 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251024-177

GUO Xingli, WANG Yuanhe, ZHANG Yanye, XU Pengcheng, ZHOU Ying, HU Jiangmiao, YANG Liu. Structural Characterization and in Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2026, 47(10): 85-96 https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20251024-177

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金钗石斛多糖的结构表征及体外降糖活性分析

Structural Characterization and in Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.

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