提取方法对吉林种植人参提取物皂苷含量及组成的影响

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201312004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)、超声波辅助提取法和溶剂回流法提取吉林种植人参中的人参皂苷；以人参中6种主要人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd的提取率为指标，采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行测定，考察不同提取方法所得提取液中6种主要人参皂苷提取产率和组成的差异。3种提取液中均检测出了6种常见的人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd，其提取率之和：超临界CO2萃取法为0.8557%，人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd的提取率分别为0.1287%、0.1169%、0.2830%、0.1090%、0.1061%、0.1120%；超声波辅助提取法为2.2938%，人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd分别为 0.3892%、0.3414%、0.8088%、0.2932%、0.3180%、0.1432%；回流法提取为2.4804%，人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd分别为0.3914%、0.3396%、0.8898%、0.3300%、0.3620%、0.1676%。回流提取液的HPLC色谱图中某些峰消失，表明丙二酰基人参皂苷发生了降解。除了6种常见人参皂苷外，在3种萃取液中还检测出少量的未知峰，可以推断出在SFE、超声提取和回流提取条件下，中性皂苷发生了不同程度的降解。实验结果表明，提取方法不同，人参皂苷的提取率及组成具有较大差异，超临界CO2萃取法人参皂苷得率低于超声波辅助提取法和回流提取法，但较其他方法其具有分离工艺简单、无溶剂污染以及保护热敏性物质、萃余物再利用价值高等优势。

关键词: 人参皂苷, 高效液相色谱法, 提取方法, 提取物

Abstract:

The effect of different extraction methods, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasound-assisted extraction and
heat reflux extraction, on the extraction efficiencies and compositions of 6 major ginsenosides including Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc,
Rb2 and Rd from cultivated Jilin ginseng was investigated. The ginsenosides were determined by HPLC. The total yield of
ginsenosides extracted by SFE, ultrasound-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction was respectively 0.8557%, 2.2938%
and 2.4804%, and the yields of Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd were 0.1287%, 0.1169%, 0.2830%, 0.1090%, 0.1061%
and 0.1120% when using SFE, 0.3892%, 0.3414%, 0.8088%, 0.2932%, 0.3180% and 0.1432% when using ultrasoundassisted
extraction, and 0.3914%, 0.3396%, 0.8898%, 0.3300%, 0.3620% and 0.1676% when using heat reflux extraction,
respectively. In the HPLC chromatogram of the heat reflux extract, several peaks disappeared, suggesting the degradation
of malonyl ginsenoside. In addition to six common gensinosides, a small amount of unknown secondary ginsenosides were
also detected in the extracts from three methods. Based on this, we deduced that neutral ginsenosides were degraded to
different extents under SFE, ultrasound assisted-extraction and heat reflux extraction. The above results showed that there
was a significant difference in the extract yields and compositions of ginsenosides when different extraction methods were
employed. In respect to SFE, the extraction yields of ginsenosides were significantly lower than those observed when using
ultrasound-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction. However, SFE had excellent advantages such as simpler separation
process, the absence of solvent contamination and better thermo-sensitive substance protection and higher re-utilization
value of the remaining residue.

Key words: ginsenosides, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), extraction methods, extract

张艳荣，张帅，樊红秀，刘鸿铖，邹迪，王大为. 提取方法对吉林种植人参提取物皂苷含量及组成的影响[J]. 食品科学, doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201312004.

ZHANG Yan-rong，ZHANG Shuai，FAN Hong-xiu，LIU Hong-cheng，ZOU Di，WANG Da-wei. Effects of Extraction Methods on Contents and Compositions of Ginsenosides from Cultivated Jilin Ginseng Extracts[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201312004.

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提取方法对吉林种植人参提取物皂苷含量及组成的影响

Effects of Extraction Methods on Contents and Compositions of Ginsenosides from Cultivated Jilin Ginseng Extracts

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