Abstract:

A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactotripeptides (LTPs) Val-Pro-Pro
(VPP) and Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) on blood pressure (BP) after oral administration. Twenty one randomized, placebo-controlled
studies with 27 trials consisting of 2 142 prehypertensive or hypertensive individuals were identified through a defined
search strategy, and due to heterogeneity among studies the random effect model was used for the analysis. The pool effect
was a reduction of －1.78 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): － 2.47 to －1.08, P < 0.001] for systolic blood pressure
(SBP) and －0.67 mmHg (95% CI: － 1.11 to －0.23, P < 0.001) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and no publication
bias was present. Subgroup analyses showed that the intake of LTPs resulted in significant decreases in BP in Asians (SBP:
－6.56 mmHg; DBP: －3.01 mmHg), in subjects from publications before 2008 (SBP: －6.57 mmHg, DBP: －3.08 mmHg)
and participants with a dose of less than 5 mg/d (SBP: －5.20 mmHg; DBP: －2.05 mmHg), and in office SBP
(－2.74 mmHg) and DBP (－1.18 mmHg) and home SBP (－7.61 mmHg) and DBP (－4.83 mmHg), whereas no significant
effects were observed in their respective counterparts. These results suggest that functional foods containing LTPs may be
useful as part of dietary intervention of pre- or mild hypertension.

Key words: lactotripeptides, antihypertensive effect, functional foods, meta-analysis