With the reaction of tapioca starches and phosphors oxychloride,the swelling of cross-linking starch granules was controlled successfully through different degree of substitution.In the different swelling processes,structure characteristics and tendency changes of starch granules were discussed. Furthermore the swelling process and mechanism of starches granules also showed that the cross-linked tapioca starches swelled like a bud blooming into a flower.

The retrogradation properties of instant rice during storage were studied.Results indicated that onset glass temperature was increased,and glass temperature range was decreased with storage time.Crystallization properties were changed slightly,but the change of crystallization degree was not obvious.Crystal melt temperature had little increased during storage.Inner water diffuse coefficient of instant rice during rehydration was decreased obviously with storage time.The onset glass temperature that influenced water diffuse coefficient strongest was the most important factor to the rethogradation of instant rice.

Chitosanase was immobilized on chitin with glutaraldehyde by cross-link reaction,the immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzyme were studied.The optimal conditions for immobilization were as follows:0.1g chitin was treated with 5ml 5% solution of glutaraldehyde,then 2mg chitosanase was immobilized on the carrier.Optimal temperature and pH for the immobilized enzyme were 60℃ and 4.0 respectively.Kinetic parameter Km was 17.66g/L.The immobilized enzyme showed good temperature stability,and its operation and storage stability were also very good.

 Tween,Span,Triton X-200,emulsifier OP,AOT and saccharose ester resolved in iso-octane have been studied. When Tween-60:AOT was 1,water resolved in reverse micelles increased from 1.03(ml)to 2.01 while Tween-80:AOT was 0.25,water resolved increased from 1.03 to 1.21.The W0 increased from 24.3 to 28.5.

 Relationships between optical properties、rheological properties of soybean protein isolate/soybean 7S globulin gels and solvent、bovine serumalbumin(BSA)、fatty acid salts(FAS) concentration have been studied thoroughly in this paper. The mechanisms of molecular forces affecting the formation of soybean protein transparent gels were studied.These experimental results showed that hydrogen bonds、electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions have given importhant contribution for soybean protein to form transparent gels.Theoretical bases were put forward to further study optical properties of soy bean protein gels and develop transparent products of soybean protein.

In this Paper,the main technological parameters in the isolation of IgY from egg were studied.The extraction ratio of IgY was 6.73 mg per ml yolk and purity 14.66%,when the dilution time was six folds at pH5.2. Here two kinds of methods,water dilution method (WD) and polyethylene glycol method (PEG),in the isolation of IgY were compared. The conclusion was that WD could be used in isolation of IGY on a large scale.

 Characteristics of immobilized acetobacter cells for limonin debittering debittering in citrus juices were investigated.The immobilized cells for optimal debittering showed that the shaking flask should be running 106r/min,pH 4.5,25℃, while the shaking tlask of the relative debittering of the free cells were running at 160r/min,pH5.5.25℃.Low concentration of sodium chloride inhibited debittering of immobilized and free cells.Debittering rate came to a saturation with limonin concentration of 30 mg/kg for the immobilized cells while for the free cells with the concentration of 35mg/kg.Heat stability of immobilized cells worked better than that of free cells.

The changes of property and construciton of starch plasticization were studied,By the methods of DSC、IR and X-ray,the mechanism of starch plasticization was expounded.Furthermore,The application of starch plasticization to biodegradable sing leuse food containers was discussed.

The process of cell growth and metabolism of oxygen-resistant Bifidobacterium in two different kinds of media(GAM medium and PTYG medium)were studied.The high consuming ratio of oxygen-resistant Bifidobacterium was determined.The living oxygen-resistant Bifidobacterium number was 8.4×109 cfu/ml after fermentation 12h 37℃ and the pH of ending point of the fermentation was ≤4.2.The cumulation of lactitic acid higher than acetic acid.

The extraction of polyphenols from grape seeds was studied and the antioxidant activity of the extrct towards edible oils was evaluated as well.It was found that,the acetone-water(80:20 to 60:20)mixture was the optimum extractant for the grape seeds with moisture content of 8%.The extraction yield of polyphenols showed no obvious increase from 20℃ to 50℃.The ratio of grape seeds to extractant was optimal at 1∶20 for one extraction or twice but 1∶5 for three times of extraction with 30min each.The oven-storage experiment indicated that the grape seeds extract showed stronger protection for lard and grape seed oil from oxidation than the BHT.

 Aspergillus niger Sx,isolated from nature,could secrete raw-starch glucoamylase (RSAG)with high enzyme activity at level of 382u/g.After fermentation for 24 hours at 30℃in solid wheat bran culture ,the maximum secretion of RSAG was achieved at pH6.5 with the ratio of solid to water as 1∶1.6.Further,the enzymatic production was confirmed by paper chromatography as glucose.Interestingly,it was discovered that SDS could keep RSGA in its initial state.When the concentration in the crude enzyme was 6mg/ml,the activity of enzyme was kept intact and active after 10days storage at 30℃.Additionally,RSGA was purified initially by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation and dialysis.The optimum hydrolysis conditions for the purified enzyme were pH4.5,60℃.Amazingly,it preserved a high stabillity at pH between 4.0and 7.0,After incubation at 80℃ for 1 hour,the enzyme still retained 15% activity.Metal ions such as Ag+、Sn2+ and Hg2+ could inhibit the enzyme to different extents,where as EDTA、Ca+ showed effect on the activity of the enzyme.In contrast to the forenamed cation,Co2+ and K+ could stimulate the activity of enzyme slightly.

 Rejected layers muscle was dipped in papain and calcium chloride solution and its changes in shear force,pH value and water rising rate were studied in this paper.The results showed that both papain and calcium chloride had better tenderizing effects on the rejected layers muscle,than the former possessing withour the tenderizing treatment.

 In this paper,the effectson metabolism of beer-yeast in the malt-wort containing the extracts of ginko leaves were studied.Compared with hops malt-wort,we could find that sugar-metabolism of yeast,the production of alcohol production and reduction of VDK in the ginko leaves malt-wort did not have in hibitive effects,yet had some encouraging effect on fermentation.

Both extraction methods of Chlorella cell active substance(Chlorella Groth Factor,CGF)and the effect of CGF physiological activities on microorganisms were studied in this paper.Results showed that the productivities of CGF obtained from five extract methods were 10.6%,18.2%,21.5%,26.6% and 28.4%,respectively.The amount of Saccharomycete and that of Lactobacillus in treatment with addition of 1.0% CGF derived from the fourth extraction method after 24h were 14.98 and 2.2 times respedively to that of control treatment.CGF could not only increase cell fission and growth of Saccharomycete and Lactobacillus and CO2 volume evolved from beer,but also adjust the ratio of Lactobacillus bulgaricus to Streptococcus thermophilus. CGF could also prolong the preserve period of lactic acid products.Meanwhile it could improve nutrition and quality of the products.

 L.plantarum 6003 and staphylococcus 10145 were used as starters in the ferment of sausage.In the course of the ferment,the various factors which affdcted the pH value of the ferment sausage were studied.Results showed that the acidifiability of the starcers were affected significantly by adding the different sugars,glucose concentration,salt concentration,ferment temperature and diamerer of ferment sausage.

In the paper geniposides were used as raw materials.They were immersed with distilled water and then xanthein was extracted.Several frequently-used additives in food were added and the steadiness of xanthein in geniposide was studied.Some characters of coloring matters such as anti-oxidation talergnces light endusance and acid fastness were researched.

 The main technological factors of chromium yeast production were studied.The physiological functions of chromium and application of chromiun yeast as nutritional supplement were introduced.

The edible values and nutritional components of Frost Mulberry Leaves were studied.The leaves contained 3.3%～4.3%N,21%～27%Protain,2.55%Polysaccharide,2.2%Fat and 65mg/100mg Vitamin C.The results might provide a scientific basis for the exploitation of the abundant resources of Mulberry Leaves.

The Aflatoxin(Afl) degradation ability of some food micro-organisms was investigated through measuring the diameters of fluorescent reaction circles on dish culture and the residual concentrations of Aflb1 after shaking culturing.Amongst these micro-organisms B.subtilis,L.rhamnosus,C.aceticum,which have been proven to be safe through traditional application in food processing,showed areat potential in degradation of Afl.After 60h liquid culture,these 3 organisms cold eliminate 89%,88% and 81% of Aflb1 respectively.The suitable temperature and pH of B.subtilis were also the most suitable factors for Aflb1 degradation Addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ enhanced the degradatin reaction of Aflb1 by the B.subtilis.

The Corns contaminated by aflatoxin B1 were infused in the 250 μg/ml ClO2 about 30～60min.The result showed that the ClO2 was effective on detoxicating the aflatoxin.We have analysed the differences among different time and the products of different places and explored the detoxication effectfs and the safety of use.

70 male ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups:sedentary control group(A),sedentary+oil of Hipprphae rhamnoides(OHR) group(B),immediately exhaustive exercise in control group(C),immediately exhaustive exercise in OHR supplementation group(D),24h recovery exhaustive exercise in control group(E),24 h recovery exhaustive exercise in OHR supplementation group(F).After 6-week swimming program with gradually increasing intensity,these mice carried out an exhaustive swimming before sacrifice.SOD and MDA in liver,myocardium and brain were assayed.The results indicated.1) SOD showed difference among these groups except between E and F in liver except between A and B,D and F in myocardium,except between A and B ,E and F,A and C in brain. when Comparing with A,C and E, SOD activity in B, D and F increased 7.39%,13.1% and -0.716% respectively in liver 0.612%,4.76% and 26.0% respectively in myocardium,and -1.95%,3.88% and 0.992%.2) The concentration of MDA showed significant difference among above groups except between C and D and E and F in liver and myocardium;-no significant difference among above groups in brain.Comparing with A,C and E,MDA content in B,D and F decreased 25.6%,6.06% and 3.37%,respectively in liver,34.1%,5.05% and 0.285% respectively in myocardium,5.11%,-2.29% and 0.631% respectively in brain.So the conclusion luas:OHR supplementation could increase swimming performance significantly,enhance antioxidative status liver,myocardium and brain.

 During the production esason of fried dace,the temperature and humidity are very suitable for the growth of molds,which is easy to develop in the processed fish and in visible.A ccording to the specific property of molds.this paper has found molds after sterilization and the toxin produced,and also studied the heatresistance of them.The study would provide the scientific basis for the steril zafion of fried dace.

A method for determination of eicosaqpentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in fish oil and its products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was developed.The sample was first extracted by n-hexane,then the fatty acid was methylated with potassium hydroxide-methanol(KOH-MeOH).The obtained fatty acid methyl esters were determined and confirmed by gas chromatograph equipped with MSD on DB-17 fused silica capillary column(30m×0.25mm×0.10μm),using normal method.The recovery was from 93.3% to 102.1% CV(n=10) was from 2.83% to 3.42%.The method was simple,rapid,accruate and applicable to determine practical samples with satisfactory results.

FFAs in GuangDong-style sausage catalysed by tetramethylammonium hydroxide(TMAH) were converted to the TMAH soaps. The TMAH soaps were easily pyrolyzed to yield the methyl ester in the GC injection port. Then the FFAs were separated and determined by GC. The test shows that the method is simple and accurate.

 Let the AlCl3react on anthoxanthin compound to yield the yellow complex of anthoxanthin-aluminum.The anthoxanthin compound content was obtained by determining OD with photoelectric colorimeter.After testing repeatedly,the results showed that the extracts were maximum with material to water ratio at 1∶80 and 60 min time.Furthermore,the epeadability of the determintion results.

The isolation & identification of volatile compounds of enzymatically hydrolyzed chichen yest extract-HVP Maillard reaction system were done.2-Methy1-3-furanthiol,2-acetylfuran,2-methyl-tetrahydrothiopen-3-one,phenyl acetaldehyde,3-methyl-2-thiopenecarboxaldehyde,3-ethy1-2-thiopenecarboxaldehyde,trans-anethole,bis-(2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3-furyl)-disulphide,bis-(2-methyl-3-furyl)-disulphide,hexadecanal,octadecanal,et al.were identified.This showed that the model system was successful.

In this paper,α-amylase,glucoamylase and glucose oxidase were Immobilized by sol-gel.With its application to jlowing injection chemilumine-scence system,starch could be rapidly determined with the liner rage of its concentration in 10-200mg/L and detection limit at 0.2mg/L.The relativte standard deviation (RSD) is 1.8% with 10 continuous assays.

According to the principle of pressure pre-cooling,an experimental device has been set up.The experimental cooling velocity has been conducted in five different test conditions of different air vent holes and five different test conditions of different air pressures.The curve of temperature decrease has been drawn during 2.5 hours.The results of this test proved that the reasonable choice of pressure and air vent hole was the critical element for cooing velocity and cooling uniformity.

SO2 fumigation with “CT2” and ozone treatment was respectively used as antiseptic to store Kyoho grape at 0±1℃.The result showed that the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria spp.on the berry surface was considerablely refrained by 20min exposure to ozone of 3ppm or 6ppm,without damaging the fruits.Ozone treatnent stimulated the PPO activity,speeding up the oxidization of VC and tannin and consuming of Titratable acid and rostering the brown of fresh tissue.CT2 fumigation treatment reduced the loss of VC and tannin,refrained the PPO activiey and degraded the frowning rate of the fresh tissue.But some berry was sufferde from SO2 and had SO2 remained in the frcsh tissue.

It is introduced to the producing actuality of xanthan gum,point out some questions in the xanthan gum′sproduction at present in my country,and specifically developing way and counter measure in the future xanthan gum production.