A study was carried out about the effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatment (0.1～500 MPa) under temperature (20～60℃) with dwell time 10min and pH7.0 of the enzymatic solution on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity and its secondary structure. It was studied by the measurement of circular dichroic(CD) spectra. The results showed that: ① The effect of compression was significant on HRP activity under the treatment temperature 40℃ and dwell time 10min and pH7.0. HRP activity increased abnormally in treatment about 100MPa, but decreaseed slowly above 400MPa. ②HRP activity decreaseed slowly under temperature of less than 40℃ at the pressure of 500MPa with dwell time 10min and pH7.0; but decreaseed rapidly with increase of temperature above 40℃. ③ There was a tight correlationship between HRP activity and the content of β-sheet conformation. The percentage rate content of β-sheet conformation decreaseed after compression, and HRP activity descended as well. Both descended rapidly after compression synergizing with mild temperature.

The effect of pressure on intracellular trehalose concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was primarily explored. The results showed: pressure valve, treating time, treating temperature, pH and culturing time showed evident effects on Saccharomycesc erevisiae intracellulart rehalose concentration. Theree xistedc ertainr elativity between trehalosec oncentration and viability of yeast cells, while the changes of intracellular trehalose concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted not only from pressure valve but also from acidification and anaerobic function.

In the paper,response surface methodology was used to investigate the main effects and interactions of transglutaminase (TGase, 0～0.8%), mixed phosphates (0～0.5%),к-carrageenan(0～0.8%) and casein(0～5%) on hardness of chicken breast muscle sausage, with four factors and thee levels Central Composite Orthogonal Design. Results showed that TGase and casein could increase hardness significantly(p<0.05), while mixed phosphate and к-carrageenan had no increasing effect(p>0.05). Recongress equation of hardness was made up to calculate chicken sausage hardness. In the end,optimal ratio of the additives was: TGase(0.8%), mixed phosphate(0%),к-carrageenan(0.8%) and casein(0～5%) with the hardest sausage(705.517g).

The content of unsaturated fatty acid is high, so walnut oil is easily oxidative. In order to compare the oxidative stability of cold pressed oil with the supercritical carbon dioxide extracted(SCFE) oil under light and dark conditions, the Peroxidative Value(PV) was evaluated with Sensory Evaluation. Data showed that the oxidative stability of cold pressed oil was greater than SCFE- CO 2 oil under dark storage, while in contrast, the oxidative stability of SCFE- CO 2 oil was greater than cold pressed oil under light. This conclusion was helpful to choose packing material.

This paper dealt with the effects of culture time, culture-disturbing, and NaCl on protease activity of the mucor extracted. Several methods for the extraction of mucor protease with optimal absorb wavelength for detection of protease activity were also studied. The results were that: high composition protease activity could be obtained through 72h solid-medium cultivation, but one culture-farmed-over after 24h cultivation, extracted with distilled water in using NaCl in the culture would yield higher activity. The optimal absorb wavelength was 690nm.

To exploit the isoflavone as natural food antioxidant and antiseptic in fermented soybean meal, the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of isoflavone extracted from fermented soybean meal (FSMI) were studied. The results showed that FSMI had antioxidant effect on soybean and rapeseed oil, which was better than isoflavone from soybean meal (SMI) and BHT in the same concentration. The research also discovered that the minimal inhibition concentrations of FSMI were 0.24% against bacteria, and 0.56% against fungi, the antimicrobial activities of the FSMI were superior to SMI and sodium benzoate.

The denaturation level and content of -SH in different thermal treatment and the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of low-price fish protein were studied in this article. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) thermal curves showed that denaturation level rose while increasing processing temperature or prolonging time. Treatment of 80℃ for 10min has led to denaturation level of 98.31%. The hydrolysis results indicated that besides 60℃, 80℃ and 100℃, the other treatment was disadvantageous to enzyme hydrolyzing. The -SH content was in good linear relationship with that of TCA-soluble nitrogen.

The free phenols (FP) in the amount of over 90% of total phenols (TP) were found predominant in freshcut sweet potatoes, and the ratio of FP/TP increased a little during storage. The content of FP and TP increased in the first three days and then decreased. The activity of PPO extracted from freshcut sweet potatoes was also increased in the first three days and then decreased. The results showed that the same tendency existed with the changes of FP and TP, while the activities of POD and CAT maintained consistent during storage. The optimal temperature for the enzyme was 15.2℃, at which it was more stable than elsewhere, while there was a second optimal temperature at 50℃. The optimal pH for the PPO was 4.4, and the PPO activity dropped rapidly when pH was below 4.0 or above 8.5. NaHSO3, CA, EDTA-2Na and VC all had inhibiting effect on PPO with different efficacies. The combining capability of PPO with different substrates was in the order of catechol, pyrogallol pyrogallic acid, chlorgenic acid, tyrosine, phenol and guaiacol. The main phenol with also enzymatic browning substrates in fresh-cut sweet potatoes was chlorgenic acid.

The significant functions of cholesterol oxidase in food processing and medical assay for blood cholesterol level and biological pest-resistance were now gradually recognized and showed great potential in application. In this paper, we investi- gated the extraction conditions and physical properties of the membrane-bound enzyme. The 10mmol/L potassium phosphate buffer containing 0.5%Triton X-100 of pH7.5 could efficiently extract the membrane-bound enzyme from the cells with the extraction time 10 minutes. The extraction effect of sodium chloride solution with the buffer without Triton X-100 was much worse than the buffer containing Triton X-100. The enzyme assay system containing 1% Triton X-100 showed the best color of red with good stability and the highest enzyme activity. The enzyme protein contained high level of saccharide, while the proportion of saccharide and protein was 3.4:1. The optimal pH for enzyme reaction was 7.5, and the enzyme remained stable within pH5.0 to 10.0. The enzyme had kept excellent thermal stability at temperature 40℃ and even lower than 40℃.

Antimicrobial peptides of Haliotis diversicolor Reeve hemolymph were induced by injected Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity is different based on different induced-time.The result showed that antimicrobial peptide was heat-stable, non-toxic to eukaryotic cells and had a low molecular weight(3000～6000Da).

The breaking strength and radical-scavenging activity in vitro of gel formed by the hydrolysates incorporated with SPI were investigated. The gel-forming ability of mixtures consisted of SPI and its hydrolysate decreased as the percentage of hydrolysate increased. The causes of inferior gel-forming ability were due to the lower surface hydrophobicity of hydrolysates and less sulfhydryl exchange reaction during the course of gelation. We concluded that the 3:7～4:6 ratio of hydrolysates and SPI solutions was the apropos ratio for the formation of self-supporting gel, which possessed the higher radical-scavenging activity againstD PPH-radical.

Simulated system was made by adding chlorogenic acid and catechin to both protein and pectin extracted from apple. A semi-simulated system was made by adding pectin extracted from apple to cloudy apple juice. We concluded that comparing the three kinds of system that the insoluble pigments caused by enzymatic browning and the protein-polyphenol complex could increase the size of particles in cloudy apple juice. The formation and increasing of protein-polyphenol complex could be inhibited by pectin in the three kinds of system.

Techniques of the conjugated linoleic acid synthesied with S. salsa seed oil had been investigated in glycerine solvent system. The repeated use of glycerine solvent was also studied. Because oil hydrolysis would produce glycerine, the solvent system might be used repeatedly. The molecular geometric structures of CLA preparations were determined by GC-MS and GC-IR spectrum. CLA preparations contained mainly cis-and trans- double bonds. The CLA peak position of GC spectrum was determined by standard CLA. The results showed that S. salsa oil was a kind of good raw material. The CLA content in the fatty acid preparations could be as high as 70%. Optimal conditions were: temperature of 185～190℃, time of 2～3h, katalyst amount to oil as 20% and amount of solvent to oil in 2～3 times.

Changes and change regularity of some minerals in green pepper, green cauliflower, spinach and celery in quick freezing and freezing storage were assayed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that hot water pre-treatment could induce the loss of Fe, Ca and Zn seriously whereas loss of Fe was higher than Ca and Zn .There were no prominent changes for all of them during freezing storage. It suggested that quick freezing method would be a good way to store vegetables.

By the method of cellophane covered agar plate culture, production of staphylococcal enterotoxin B was studied. After incubation at 37℃ for 48h, cells were harvested and the cell suspension was centrifuged at 10000×g for 15min at 4℃. The supernatant was condensed by polyglycol 20000. Then condensation was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. This method was simple and could be applicable for laboratory.

Objective: Cloning manganese superoxide dismutase gene (sodA) to make it express in Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L6032) to enhance its tolerance to oxygen was studied. Moreover, a foundation for developing SOD fermented milk was established. Methods: Using PCR to amplify sodA and cloning it into the Lactic acid bacteria expression vector pMG36e and then transforming this recombinant plasmid pMG36e-sod into L6032 by electroporation were studied; SOD reagent was used to detect its activity and to compare the growing situation and living condition as aerobes in MRS culture medium between L6032 and L6032-SOD. A preliminary inquiry into the effect of anti-oxygen of L6032 with SOD expression was made. Results: Construct- ing the recombinant plasmid pMG36e-sod successfully has been identified with the prospect by means of enzyme digestion and PCR. The result of sequencing showed that the insert gene could encode SOD correctly; After successfully transforming pMG36e-sod into L6032 by electroporation the activity of SOD was about 590.5NU∕mg prot. Furthermore, enhancing L. bulgaricus’s tolerance to oxygen has not only made L6032-SOD grow better than L6032 under the same condition, but also improved the living rate of bacteria obviously. Conclusion: sodA has been successfully for expressed in L. bulgaricus to have enhanced its tolerance to oxygen. It was beneficial to develop and apply Lactobacillus. At the same time, this study has laid a foundation for further developing SOD fermented milk.

Effect of stachyose on flour quality has been studied in this paper. The results showed that stachyose dropped the water absorption of flour, improved the stability and valorimeter value, increased dough energy of extensograph, decreased maximum viscosity and breakdown of viscograph, and resisted starch retrogradation. Naturally, 5 percent stachyose of flour is suitable in the staple food bread.

Arthrobacter nicotinovorus (JNU-1)can produce trehalose synthase enzyme. Study finds that trehalose synthase enzyme is a kind of enzyme in the cell. After substantive cultivation of bacterium JNU-1 and enrichment of culture mycelium, the cells harvested were disrupted by ultrasonic, followed by leach and centrifugation to obtain crude enzyme solution. The crude enzyme was fractionated with ammonium sulfate and the active fractions were collected, dialyzed, concentrated and successively purified by column chromatography packing Sephadex G-100. The purity and molecular weight of the enzyme were determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the MRS-based culture medium of L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus LB14. The effects of twelve additives and the initial pH of the media were evaluated by using a Plackett-Burman design. Results showed that tomato juice, carrot juice and the initial pH of the media were the main affecting factors while the other additives had no significant effect on the cell multiplication of LB14. Then, the central composite design and response surface analysis were used to determine the optimal levels of the main factors. The optimized conditions were:MRS supplemented with 52.4ml/L tomato juice and 28.1ml/L carrot juice,and the initial pH of the media was 6.38. It resulted in cell production of LB14 to be increased from 2.4×108cfu/ml to 1.1×109cfu/ml.

By Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric analysis and HPLC analysis, the changes of total phenolic content and phenolic compositions in sea buckthorn juice during chitosan clarification were studied. The results showed that after clarification, the total phenolic content decreased by 17.2%, the catechin, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in juice were lost and gallic acid and quercetin were destroyed by 87% and 62.5% respectively, but the chlorogenic acid changed little.

Yam puree was treated with pressure, temperature and browning inhibitors in single or/and complex combination, the polyphenol oxidase activity and color change in Yam puree were assayed. PPO activity at a temperature range of 20 to 50℃ was investigated while the optimum action temperature of PPO was 35℃. Yam puree packed with PE bag was susceptive to a range of pressures (200, 300, 400, 500, 600MPa). At 20℃,400MPa, a peak of PPO activity was observed. Over or under 400MPa, PPO activity was reduced, but at 600MPa, PPO activity was lowest. Research on effect of orthogonal test with pressure, temperature and time (L 9 (34)) on PPO activity was carried out. The result indicated that the PPO activity reduced down to the lowest at 550MPa, 40℃and 10min. Inhibitive effects of orthogonal test with citric acid, ascorbic acid and EDTA (L 9 (34)) on PPO activity were also investigated while temperature (40℃) and pressure (550MPa) were constant. The optimum combi- nation was found: 0.05% citric acid, 0.4% ascorbic acid and 0.02% EDTA. Treating yam puree with pressure combined with browning inhibitors could obtain better organoleptic quality (e.g. color, texture) than the single factor treatment.

In this paper, physical properties(such as freeze-melt stability, light transmissivity, expansibility, viscosity and gelatinizeation properties) of corn starches, hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl starch and starch ester-phosphate were studied. The results showed that the properties of corn starch and modified starches were different, because modified starches had introduced hydrophilic radical, such as hydroxypropyl, carboxymethyl and phosphoric groups which enhanced the polarity of starch and hydrophilic capabilities, making better freeze-melt stability and resistant sink stability, and higher expansibility and transparence. So modified starches had wider industrial applications.

A strain of acidα-amylase producing fungi was isolated from soil. It was identified as Penicillium. The optimum temperature of acidα-amylase 60℃ and the optimum pH 4.4. The molecular weight of the purified acid α-amylase was about 85kD. The results of thin-layer chromatography demonstrated that the products from starch catalyzed by the enzyme were oligosaccharide and dextrin. This enzyme should be classified as anα-amylase.

It is very important to study how to produce high yield ice nucleation-active protein by changing the fermentation process condition of Xanthomonas ampelinaTS206 to make use of the ice nucleation-active bacteria in the industrial products. The fermentation process conditions of the ice nucleation-active bacteria Xanthomonas ampelina TS206 were studied in this paper. The results showed that the optimal culture temperature was 18℃, the volume of fermented broth 160ml/L, the optimal initial pH8.0 and the seed volume 3%. Through measuring the growth curve of the bacteria we could learn that when the culture time arrived at 48h, the bacteria curve reached the increased logarithmic phase. The culture bacteria by this optimal fermentation condition the dry weight has increased 37.7% without decreasing the ice nucleation active. The concentration of the bacteria in the fermented broth is 2.87×1010/ml.

In this paper, a Lactobacillus ferment was studied. After further fermentation, the optimal cultural conditions were brought about: sucrose 1.5%、peptone 1%、tomato juice 20%、carrot Juice 2%、tween 20 0.5%、KH 2 PO 4 0.02%、 NaCl 0.3%、MgSO 4 •7H 2 O 0.2% pH6.5 and temperature 37℃, 72h. After being used in fermented carrot juice, the flavor compounds in the fermented juice and raw material juice were compared. The results showed that there were some new substances in fermented carrot juice which affected the final fermented product flavor.

92 Strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from many sorts of pickles. Four strains, named Leu. 1, Leu.2, Lact.1 and Lact.2 were selected for having excellent characteristics in acid production and fermentation flavor. Leu.1 and Leu.2 were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. Lact.1 and Lact.2 were identified as Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Lactobacillus plantarum respectively. In cabbage fermentation at 10℃, the acid production and fermentation flavor of inoculated fermentation were much better than those of natural fermentation. Leu.1 and Leu.2 produced acid quickly in the prophase of fermentation. The pHs of cabbage brine inoculated with these two strains both 3.67 after 11d of fermentation, while the pHs of that inoculated with Lact.1 and Lact.2 both reached pH 3.30. The fermentation characteristics of these four strains were also studied.

Colorants biodegradation and growing condition of the Polystictus versicolor cultured with simulation effluent were investigated. The results showed that the optimum concentration of initial glucose was 1%, concentration of N was 6～ 12mmol/L and concentration of CaCl 2 was 0.05mol/L, while the appropriate antifoaming agent was RS. The results of even design displayed that the concentration of N was the main influencing factor of colorants biodegradation; and the interaction of concentration of N and biotin became the main influencing factor of biomass.

The bactericidal effect and anti-browning effect of Electrolyzed Functional Water(EFW)on the fresh-cut potato were evaluated. Fresh-cut potato samples inoculated with three kinds of bacteria (E.coli O78, Staphylococcus aureus 26003, Bacillus subtilis 1.1849) were treated with acidic electrolyzed functional water and deionized water. The total microbial count in the treatment solutions and the homogenate of inoculated potato slices was investigated. It showed that dipping the potato slices with tap water could not decrease the amount of microbes on the samples effectively, whereas processing the fruits and vegetables slices with EFW(pH2.5、ORP1180mV、ACC35mg/L)could reduce the total microbes of the samples significantly. The impact of the EFW on the surface color of potato slices was also investigated, it showed that enzymatic browning of potato slices processed by EFW was well inhibited. The succedent research showed that EFW could reduce the PPO activity by 50%, and that was equivalent to the effect of a usual antibrowning agent, L-cys+Citric Acid, this result explained why the EFW had strong anti-browning effect on the fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. It could be a useful approach to enhance the edible safety and appearance quality of the fresh-cut potato after processing it with the electrolyzed functional water.

Sucrose methyl fumarate(SMF) was synthesized based on the structure- activity relationship of preservatives, mold preventives and structure characteristics of emulsifier. The anti-microbial experiments showed that SMF with degree of esterification(DE) 5.5 had good anti-microbial activity that its minimum inhibition concentrations were lower than sorbic acid’s and close to dimethyl fumarate’s(DMF). The half-life value of SMF was the highest among the three experimental preservatives. The results showed that SMF had a good prospect of development because of its excellent anti-metabolism. The emulsifying experiments showed that surface activity of SMF of DE 5.5 was close to span-80, with HLB value as 6.8, CMC 0.7g/L and surface tension 28.5mN/m of 0.3% mass concentration. The characteristics of SMF recombinated with other surfactants and the application in food industry and daily chemicals industry would need further research.

In this thesis, three kinds of starch enzymes were taken to hydrolyze potato flour to make fat mimics of carbohydrate style under control. The different characteristics of products produced by different enzyme were researched at the same time. The kind of enzyme producing the maltdrier is heat stable α- amylase, the optimum hydrolyzing conditions by enzyme of potato flour was the amount of heat stable α-amylase were 0.054g/100ml, temperature was 88.6℃, time 9.55min and DE 2.20.

This paper studied the extraction technique of water-soluble polysaccharides and total flavone from Ampelopsis grossedentata.The optimal technical conditions of extraction of the polysaccharides were obtained by central composite design and response surface analysis as follows: extraction temperature 95℃, ratio of solid-liquid 1:25 and extraction time 4h. The polysaccharides were precipitated with 3 times volume of 95% ethanol for 2h. The synthetical extracting technique of water-soluble polysaccharides and total flavone from Ampelopsis grossedentata has been fixed tentatively.

Selecting walnut seed, lotus seed, pearl powder, freezing-dried powder of Aloe and extracts from vegetable and fruit (carrot, Euphorbia longan, dried jujubes, tremella) as main raw materials, reinforced with vitamin E and vitamin C while exploiting the technologies of squeezing expansion, with the products microcapsulated and added with active antioxidants to preserve the related bioactive constituents (vitamin E, vitamin C and aloein) from oxidation, a kind of capsules of fruit and vegetable capable of diminishing yellow-brown spots and improving constipation was investigated and prepared. The results showed that the functional constituents of product prepared exhibited excellent stability under the condition of 37℃, relative humidity of 75% for 3 months, and had no significant difference in comparison with control (p<0.01). The results also suggested that the technologies studied here were successful and feasible. The technologies provided a new way to make use of abundant vegetable and fruit resources in China and had valuable prospect for application.

2-methyltetrafuran-3-one is a by the condensation and acid hydrolysis of ethyl lactate and methyl acrylate by way of PTC (phase transfer catalysis) in ionic liquid at room temperature. The technology is optimized by orthongonal test. The yield is above 74.4% after optimization. The product meet standard material after the comparison of their IR, UV, NMR and properties.

The optimum extracting conditions and production of red pigment in Lycium barbarum were studied by orthogonal test L 9 (34). And the stability of the red pigment was analyzed. Results show that: (1) the high production was obtained under the conditions of 90℃, 85% ethanol, 1∶4 the ratio, 1 times/1.5h, total 3 times by Suo Extraction Installation; (2) The red pigment was water-soluble, resistant to light, heat, acid, reducer, and common food additives. So it ’s a kind of natural plant pigment used extensively in food, beverage and medicine etc.

In this paper, the effects of time, temperature, ratio of tea to water(W/V), number of extraction times on the yield of tea polysaccharides were researched and the parameters for optimum yield were obtained by using SAS software. The results showed that time, ratio of tea to water and number of extraction had significant effect on the yield of tea polysaccharides, and the regression equation was Y=-4.279+0.006A+0.045B+87.03C-0.392D-470.96C2+0.212D2. Canonical Analysis showed that the optimum parameters were: extraction 90min at 70℃ with 1:10 ratio of tea to water, and 3 times of extraction in total.

This paper introduces the technology producing nutritive beverage in enzymatic hydrolyzing sweet corn saccharification liquid. In the experiment, the optimum technology parameters are defined with the indexes hydrolysis degree (DH%). The results indicate when pH is 6.7, hydrolysis temperature is 69℃, the amount of papain is 1.2% and the density of substratum is10%, DH% can be reached 25.97% by 1.5 hours hydrolysis. Then through such processes as seperation, debitterness, blending, packaging and sterilizing and so on, the hydrolysis liquid can be made into the end product-nutritive beverage with light yellow and without peculiar smell. So it will be a prospective functional food.

This paper focuses on the acid hydrolysis process of vegetable proteins under the conditions of low concentration of acid and low temperature, on the purpose of eliminating the 3-MCPD. The hydrolysates(HVP) with low content in 3- Monochloropropane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD) can be prepared by optimizing the influenced factors: to hydrolyze for 18 hours under the conditions of 98℃ and 1:5( W/W), The level of the 3-MCPD can be controlled at 1.25mg/kg, which is 5% as much as that in general technology. Whereas as a result of post—treatment, there is a remarkable decrease in the 3-MCPD residue in the HVP.

The procyanidins from seabuckthorn fruit was isolated and purified with macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-HPLC. The result showed that procyanidins yield in elution aqueous was 71.9% while macroporous resin was eluted with 50% ethanol aqueous. The elution aqueous was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 with 50% ethanol/water(V/V) as mobile phase, procyanidins yield in elution aqueous was above 95%. The purified product was further analysed by RP-HPLC. It indicated that dimeric procyanidins were existed.

A rapid and simple gas chromatographic method for determination of cyclamate was developed in food samples such as plum, jelly, candy, beverage and so on. This method had been confirmed by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection. Cyclamate could react with sodium nitrite when vitriol existing and then produce cyclohexane nitrite, which could be extracted by hexane and can easily be detected in food samples with Agilent 6890 gas chromatography. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of several food samples and the recoveries for these samples ranged from 70%～130%. The linearity was 0.99914 and the limit of determination was 1.0mg/kg.

To establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method of controlling the quality of mulberry, the HPLC column, mobile phase, elution mode (isocratic or gradient) and gradient program were optimized to obtain high quality HPLC profile. The HPLC system contained a pump (WATERS 600) and a 996 photodiode-array detector (DAD). Data were acquired and processed by the Millennium 2010 workstation. HPLC analysis was performed on a Hypersil ODS (5μm,250×4.0 mm) with mixture of H 2 O-methanol, 1.25% ice acetic acid(pH=3)-methanol, 0.05%phosphate acid (pH=3)-methanol, 0.05% phosphate(pH=3) -acetonitrile as mobile phase in gradient mode. The proper mobile phase was determined as 0.05%phosphate acid (pH=3)- methanol, and the concentrations were CH 3 OH%:15-15-70-70 at Min:0-15-50-55min , respectively. The column temperature was kept constant at 30℃ and the flow-rate was 1.0 ml/min. The HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting of mulberry showed 22 characteristic peaks. The chromatographic fingerprinting of mulberry with high specificity could be used to control its quality and assure lot to lot consistency.

The residues of chloramphenicol in several kinds of aquiculture products were assayed with the optimized method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chloramphenicol in seafood samples was extracted twice by ethyl acetate, and the combined organic phrases were concentrated up to dryness in 60℃ water bath under a gentle stream of nitrogen. Then, its residue was resolved in petroleum-aether and the chloramphenicol re-extracted with mobile phase was filtrated with 0.45μm membrane. The chloramphenicol sample was separated by the RP-HPLC column (discovery, 3.6mm×25cm, 5μm) with a mobile phase of methanol and water (36:65, V/V) at the rate of 1 ml/min and detected at 278 nm. The average recovery was 93.2%, and the detection limit estimated with 3-fold standard deviation was 0.014μg/g. The results showed that chloramphenicol was detected in most of the samples and some of them exceeded the national limitation of China.

Three-wavelength UV spectrophotometry was established to determine the content of total isoflavones in Trifolium pratense. This method could eliminate interference of pigments and ethanol-soluble proteins in the ethanol extract of Trifolium pratense. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of precision test was 0.85%, the average recovery of adding sample test was 103. 95% and RSD was 1.82%. It was a simple, fast and accurate method for determination of Trifolium pratense isoflavones.

The content of silver ion affects directly on hygienic safety of drinking water for spaceflight when it is used as disinfectant. The method of silver ion-selective electrode accompanied with ISA can exactly assay the content of silver ion in drinking water for spaceflight rapidly. The relative error is 3.4 percent and CV is 1.3 percent and reclaim rate is 105.4 percent on test. It is also discussed that time and temperature and pH would have effects on result of testing.

This paper studied the method of assaying trace elements by ICP-AES.According to the characteristics of instrument, such as analysis of spectral line, RFpower, nebulizer pressure and sample uptake rate. The optimum analysis parameters should be determined. The interference was avoided at the up most degree and the up spectrum background was eliminated rationally. In order to detect the accuracy of the method, GBW07601 was evaluated. And the precision of the method was scaled by the retrieval proportion of added sample and the RSD.The results showed when RF power was 1150W,nebulizer pressure 25PSI, and sample uptake rate 1.85ml/min. The retrieval proportion of added sample of the 7elements was from 84.6%～103.8% and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) less 6.The result was satisfactory to assay the apple juice concentrate。

A method for rapid detection of Ochratoxin A by colloidal gold strip was introduced. Four steps were involved in the process of the preparation of the strip, including production of colloidal gold, manufacture of immunogold, installation and analysis of the strip. With the strip, 10ng/ml of Ochratoxin A was detected in less than 10 min. Apart from very short time to get test results, the strip possessed benefits of user-friendly format and relatively inexpensive to make. So it is ideally suited for on site testing of Ochratoxin A.

A novel flow injection chemiluminescent enhancement method for the determination of Fe based on luminol-KIO4 system is developed. The method is simple, rapid and effective to determine Fe(Ⅱ)in the range of 5.0×10-6～5.0×10-9mol/L with a detection limit of 4.4×10-10mol/L.The relative standard deviation is 2.3% for the determination of 2.0×10-7mol/L Fe(Ⅱ) (n=11).The method has been applied to determine the content of iron in milk powder with satisfactory results.

The carotenoids extracted from red-yolk eggs of ducks fed on Potamogoton crispus L.had a marked inhibition on the proliferation of S 180 tumor. The effects of carotenoids extracts from Potamogoton crispus L. (CEPC) on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma cells QGY-7703 were studied so as to probe the anti-tumor mechanism of the red-yolk eggs. This paper adopted visible light, fluorescence and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) to observe the cellular morphology of hepatoma cells under the influence of CEPC. After cells were treated with the medium containing 10, 20 and 40μmol/L CEPC for 24, 48and 72h, respectively, many cardinal morphological features were observed by these microscopes, such as: the number of cells decreased, the volume shrunk, the antennas prolonged, many vesicles heaved out cells surface, the shape of cell nucleuses appeared like crescent or piece and the area of yellow DNA in cell nucleuses decreased. The cells Apoptosis Index ascended when the concentration of CEPC increased and handling time prolonged as determined dy Fluorescence microscope. The CEPC had a marked inhibition on the proliferation of Hepatoma cells and could induce these cells apoptosis. This paper suggested that the carotenoids existed in Potamogoton crispus L. had the potential function of anti-Hepatoma.

The effects of the extract of male anthotaxy of Populus canadensis Moench. on removal of active oxygen species in some modified chemical systems were investigated by chemiluminescence and spectrophotometry. The inhibition of the damage of DNA chain induced by hydroxyl radical by the extract from male anthotaxy was observed by chemiluminescence. The results showed that the extract could efficiently remove O2-•,• OH, H 2 O 2 and the 50% inhibition concentrations (IC 50 ) were 0. 69,1.73, 0.23mg/ml, respectively. The extract also protected DNA chains from being damaged by hydroxyl radical.

We examined the effects of dietary Japanese millet protein (JMP) and Korean foxtail millet protein (KFMP) on lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes in rats and mice. When type 2 diabetic rats were fed with JMP for 20 days, plasma glucose levels lowered, whereas those of HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin rose significantly compared to the control group. Then when type 2 diabetic mice were fed with KFMP for 20 days, plasma levels of insulin lowered greatly, whereas those of HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin rose remarkably compared to control group. Considering the role of adiponectin, insulin and HDL-cholesterol in diabetes and atherosclerosis or obesity, it seemed likely that JMP and KFMP might improve insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism through an increase in adiponectin concentrations. Therefore, these proteins might serve as another beneficial food component in obesity-related dis- eases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To discuss the immunoloregulation and protection mechanism of Se-enriched Lactobacillus on induced- CCl 4 liver injury rats. Eighty healthy SD rats with half of female and male were chosen and randomly divided into a control group (group C), a group CCl 4 , a CCl 4 plus low dose Se-enriched lactobacillus group (group CCl 4 -LSe) and a CCl 4 plus high dose Se- enriched lactobacillus group (group CCl 4 -HSe). The liver injury was induced by abdominal injection of CCl 4 (0.1ml/100g body weight) on every other day over four weeks. Results: During the entire experimental period, Se-enriched Lactobacillus was capable to increase significantly GSH-Px activity in liver damage tissue homogenate of rats; Liver homogenate MDA content increased significantly in group CCl 4 , but MDA levels of groups CCl 4 -LSe and CCl 4 -HSe were close to those of group C; RBC-CR 1 rosette rates(%) of groups CCl 4 -LSe and CCl 4 -HSe were higher or significantly superior to those of group CCl 4 RBC-IC rosette rates(%) of group CCl 4 increased significantly. However, groups CCl 4 -LSe and CCl 4 -HSe were close to group C and markedly lower than group CCl 4 T-lymphocytes(%) of groups CCl 4 -LSe and CCl 4 -HSe had no significant differences as compared with group C, but a significant decrease was observed in group CCl 4 , and B-lymphocytes(%) had sentrary changes; Spleen and blood NK cell activities were significantly lower in group CCl 4 than in group C, and higher in groups CCl 4 -LSe and CCl 4 -HSe also higher than in group CCl 4 . Conclusions: Se-enriched lactobacillus could intervene the lipid peroxidation reaction of liver injury induced by CCl 4 , and ameliorate and enhance immunologic cell function activity to keep its normal and beneficial action through anti-damage protection.

This paper studyed the efficacy of water extracts of Discolored Cinquefoil Herb on boosting metabolism of glucose of mice liver cell inv itro. The results showed that water extracts of Discolored Cinquefoil Herb could increase the ability of glucose intakea ndm etabolismo f thei nsulin-resistantm icel iver cellsi n vitro( p<0.05).F urthermore,t he watere xtractsc ouldh elpn ormal micel iverc ells in vitro make better use of glucose (p<0.01).T he resultsi ndicatedt hatl iver cellse xposed to5 ×10 -7 mol/L insulin for 16h were able to induce a state of insulin-resistance. And the concentration of 0.9mg/ml water extracts of Discolor Cinquefoil Herb had the strongest capability of increasing metabolism of glucose.

In this paper, highly purified immunoglobulin Y against Helicobacter pylori (IgY-HP) was prepared from the egg yolk while immunized with compound antigen of supernatant from HP pulverized by ultrasonic wave while urease was purified form HP.ELISA test indicated that the efficacy for IgY-Hp was 32 times higher than that for IgY in egg yolk from nonimmunized hens. It could be applied to healthcare and to the antibacterial immune treatment for gastric disease associated with HP.

To explore the protective role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in hypoxia injury, forty SD rats were divided randomly into four groups, including positive CLA groups (1%CLA group, 1%CLA + hypoxia group) and negative control groups (control group, control + hypoxia group). Both the positive CLA groups and negative control groups were fed with 1%CLA and distilled water respectively and each animal received a constant daily dose of 20ml/kg body weight for four weeks consecutively. After the treatment, the hypoxic groups were exposed eight hours daily at the altitude of five thousand meters for fifteen consecutive days. The ratios of activities of SOD, GSH-PX and the contents of MDA in serum were determined respestively. The results showed that, under the hypoxic condition, the ratio of viscera weight to body weight increased obviously(p<0.05). While the activities of SOD and GSH-PX decreased markedly(p<0.05) and the contents of MDA increased significantly(p<0.05) in rat serum. The ratio of viscera weight to body weight, the activities of SOD, GSH-PX, and the contents of MDA in 1% CLA hypoxic group showed no obvious difference in comparison with that of control group. In conclusion, 1%CLA had obvious protectiver olei nh ypoxia injury.

The research on new and safe biologic preservative has been increasingly emphasized during the process of restraining the diseases in postharvest fruits and vegetables.The effective impact to preserve long capsicum with fermented filtrated liquor separated from its surface has been studied. The result shows that the rotten index has been reduced obviously by the fermented filtrated liquor of B-CHD(Bacillus), the natural fruit percentage has been enhanced by 60%～70%, the speed of declining of the deoxidized saccharide has been delayed, the density of respiration has been kept at a low level, the activities of POD, CAT have been stabilized, and the accumulation of MDA has been reduced. All studies show that the fermented filtrated liquor works well.

Author measured the flesh firmness and primary chemical qualities along with kiwifruit’s cold-storage. Prime component analysis was made on chemical indexes of kiwifruit, the first prime component was derived and called as quality factor which synthesized seven chemical indexes. And the quality factor and flesh firmness had high correlation, which can be fitted by cubic polynomial equation with the R 2 more than 0.988. The flesh firmness can be applied to evaluate storage quality ofk iwifruit.

Iron is the micronutrient essential for human body. Iron deficiency is the major nutrition problem all over the world, especially in the developing counties. Plant gene engineering can be used to increase the content and its bioavailability of iron in plant. This may be achieved by introduction of genes that can code iron-binding proteins and increase expression of proteins responsible for iron absorption and transport in plants. For genetically modifyied plants, their contents of inhibitors, such as phytate would substantially reduced iron absorption as another approach. Increasing the expression of compounds such asβ- carotene and vitamin E would enhance iron absorption as also a possibility.

Having focused on the physiological functions and ecological characteristics of Kefir grains, this paper reviewed the significance and application prospect of development of the functional fermented dairy product of Kefir. The advances of researches on Kefir starter and product development in and out of China were also involved.

Developmento fm icrowavef reeze-dryingi si ntroduced.T het hermo-electromagneticc oupling, technicso ptimization and control, technical economy and temperature measurement are discussed.

The food safety insurance system was discussed in this paper. Risk assessment techniques of chemical and biological pollution were studied based on improvements of risk assessment techniques and the plan of food pollution monitoring and control. Researches on food safety emergency response system and assessment technology of new technology, new technique and new resource, establishment and practice of HACCP system in food enterprise, studies on monitoring and pre-warning system of import and export food safety, food safety strategy and correspond technological measures research, and basic researches on food safety standard were proposed to guarantee food safety. It is also discussed that food safety pre-warning system and its relative risk assessment techniques pays great importance to guaranteeing food safety.

In this paper we introduced the physicochemical characteristics and mechanism of clenbuterol, analysed its hazard to human health and national economy then summarized all kinds of determination methods of residual clenbuterol in animal food.

The processing technology conditions of Lily milk beverage was studied in this paper. Besides, the factors of the stability of this beverage which affected by stabilizer, pH and homogenization pressure also were researched. The results indicated that the complex stabilizer of 0.08% xanthan gum, 0.15% sodium citric acid ,0.1% CMC-Na and 0.04% sodium alginate acid worked well and that a lily milk beverage with nice flavour and characteristics could be obtained on the following conditions: ratio of drying lily paste to pure white lily powder paste =1:4, 1% defatted milk powder,4% sucrose,30ppm ethyl maltol, pH=6.5, sterilizing condition of 90℃ for 10min, and homogenization pressure 25MPa.

According to the optimum beverage prescription acquired by orthodoxy experiment, the beverage of apple vinegar was fermented by using apple vinegar as the raw material, adding yeast and acetobacters ferments and honey and white sugar as sweetener and complementing with natural apple essence. This beverage contained abundant organic acid、amino acid、 vitamin and mineral substance, had the efficacy of lowering blood pressure, improving woman appearance and reducing weight. It was been a kind of health care drink.

The objective in this paper was to study the effects of different ingredients of soybean oligopeptide biscuit ind etail and to deduce an optimum formula by a single factor synthesis and an orthogonal test, and the characteristics of the processing were also described.

A new burdock root product -- burdock root masticable sugar slice was studied. The burdock root was dried at the 100℃ for 2h and then baked at 200℃ for 4 min .In this way , the burdock root got a coffee flavor. We added the burdock root into the gluten proteins, like the colloid in the chewing gum at the ratio of (3～5):100 and the gluten protein for mastication was increased. The xylitol was also used in the product to get the three parts together, and then to put them into some citric acid and malic acid,the burdock root mastication sugar slice was produced. After doing the orgnoleptic test, the optimum conditions were burrdock root (26.32%), gluten proteins(1.26%), xylitol(72.03%), critric acid (0.25%) and malic acid(0.14%).