Two reducing sugars such as fructose and xylose reacted with shrimp allergen under certain environment, namely Maillard reaction occurred. After certain reacting time, the molecular weight, content of effective lysine and immunocompetence of shrimp allergen were determined. The results showed that the molecular weight of shrimp allergen increases after the reaction, and increasing with reaction time extending. The content of effective lysine changes but does not show any regular. Fructose can increase the immunocompetence by 44% 12 h after reacting with shrimp allergen, but the immunocompetence decrease to its initial level with the reacting time extending. When xylose reacted with shrimp allergen, the effect on the immunocompetence is less than 10%. In conclusion: Maillard reaction of fructose or xylose with shrimp allergen cannot reduce the immunocompetence effectively.

Antimicrobial effect of ε-poly-L-lysine against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Penicillum were studied by colormetry. Analysis on bacteria cell injury was conducted to investigate the detrimental effects of varying concentration of ε-poly-L-lysine and incubation time with ε-poly-L-lysine at its minimum inhibitory concentration on the morphology of bacteria. Results indicated that the MIC against the above two bacteria is less than 25 mg/L and less than 200 mg/L against Penicillium. ε-Poly-L-lysine shows analogical antimicrobial kinetics against different bacteria. The mechanism of action was further investigated by cell integrity and outer- and inner-membrane permeability assays and the profile of protein expression in bacteria. ε-Poly-L-lysine killed pathogenic bacteria by causing irreversible changes in both the inner and outer membranes.

MALDI-TOF/MS was employed to analyze the relative contents of proteins in infant formula milk powder diluted with water at different temperatures to make clear the change law of protein components of the milk powder. In this experiment, 11 ion peaks in the MALDI-TOF mass spectrum were selected as targets, and 15 parallel tests were performed on each sample. For every target ion, the m/z differed no more than 3 between any two of 15 determinations, the relative error was less than 0.19%, and the RSD was less than 0.19%. The final data were the trimmed values of all the parallel tests. It was indicated that proteins in the milk powder denature gradually with the rising of water temperature, and their denaturation occurrs at a higher degree when water temperature reached 70 ℃. In conclusion, water at 40 ℃ is proper for diluting infant formula milk powder.

As one of β-agonists, ractopamine has been prohibited in food production and animal husbandry. To enforce regulation, it is necessary to develop a rapid detection system to measure the residue of ractopamine in animal food production. In this study, a new ractopamine immunogen was synthesized by using 4-aminobenzoic acid as a linker to connect hapten with carrier protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Besides the immunogen, a new ractopamine coating antigen was synthesized also by using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE) as a linker to connect ovalbumin (OVA). The BSA conjugate was used to immunize New Zealand rabbits and polyclonal antibodies against ractopamine were obtained. The titers of antibodies were up to 102400 by indirect ELISA and the antibodies showed high sensitivity in the heterologous assay using RAC-BDE-cOVA as coating antigen, with an IC50 value of 4.34 ng/ml. The artificial antigen has perfect immunogencity and the obtained antibody has excellent sensitivity.

Amylose and amylopectin of arrowhead starch were successively separated by n-butanol recrystallization. It was proved that the obtained amylopectin was pure by chromatography on Sepharose 2B column. Furthermore, molecular structure of the amylopectin was analyzed by enzymatic method. The results showed that average chain length (CL), interior chain length (ICL) and exterior chain length (ECL) of the amylopectin are 22, 14 and 7, respectively. β-amylase limit dextrin of the amylopectin were completely debranched by orderly hydrolyzing with isoamylase and pullulanse. The ratio of A chain and B chain is calculated to be 1.33:1.0, and the multiple branching degree of arrowhead amylopectin is 2.33.

The antioxidant activity of supercritical extract of antler velvet in lipid peroxidation system and its hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities in phenanthroline-Fe (II) system and 2-deoxy-D-ribose-Fe (III) system were analyzed in this study, and these activities were compared to those of vitamin C, and 75% ethanol refluxing extract and methanol refluxing extract of antler velvet. The results showed that all the three antler velvet extracts have excellent activities in the above three antioxidant activity assays. Their hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities in phenanthroline-Fe (II) system all exhibit certain concentration-dependent fashion, and both 75% ethanol refluxing extract and methanol refluxing extract of antler velvet can scavenge the hydroxyl radical generated in 2-deoxy-D-ribose-Fe (III) system with a concentration-dependent manner. The supercritical extract technology shows obvious advantage, namely the supercritical extract antler velvet possesses stronger scavenging effect to the hydroxyl radical generated in 2-deoxy-D-ribose-Fe (III) system than other two antler velvet extracts and vitamin C solution do.

As one of flavonols with a 3-OH group in their chemical structures, quercetin (3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) shows much stronger antioxidant activity than its corresponding flavone luteolin (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) does. In the present study, cyclic voltammetry and in situ UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical method were used to investigate the electro-oxidation processes of both flavonoids for discovering the reaction mechanism by which 3-OH group promotes the antioxidant activity. The results indicateed that both compounds are oxidized to the corresponding o-quinones via 2e–/2H+ reactions, and only the quercetin o-quinone can be further isomerized to the more stable united conjugated structure in the presence of 3-OH group. This subsequent chemical transformation drives the loss process of electron and gives an additional contribution to the antioxidant activity of quercetin.

Objectives: To establish a GC-MS method for determing of essential oil from Grateloupia filicina and to confirm the effect of drying on the chemical constituents in the essential oil. Methods: The essential oil were extracted from fresh and dried Grateloupia filicina at 40℃ in essential oil analyzer with ethyl acetate, and then determined using electron impact mass spectrometry under full scanning mode (EI-SCAN-MS) after concentration. The similarity retrieval of the separated constituents was conduct based on two mass spectral databases (NIST98-147 and Wiley7 Mass Spectral Libraries). Results: Fourty seven volatile compounds are contained in fresh and dried Grateloupia filicina, and their relative contents are 43.81 and 22.23 mg/g, respectively. The main constituents in essential oil from Grateloupia filicina are aldehydes, fatty acids and alcohols, and aldehyde kind is the most. For both two essential oils, the contents of palmitic acid and pentadecanain are the highest in the fatty acids and the aldehydes, respectively. Drying has no any effects on the identified volatile compound kind contained in Grateloupia filicina, and the constituents with short retention time exhibit increasing trend after drying of Grateloupia filicina, while those with long retention time decrease.

The thermal decomposition of polysaccharide fraction KPS Ⅲa from leaves of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng was studied by using thermogravimetry (TG), thermogravimetry-infrared (TG-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in N2. The results showed that the KPS Ⅲa is stable below 225 ℃ and only release a little of water. KPS Ⅲa is decomposed at 225 to 625℃ and release a great deal of water and carbon dioxide. Compared to galactose and starch, the thermal stability of the sulphated polysaccharide KPS Ⅲa and heparin are lower but the amino polysaccharide, chitin is higher. All these results demonstrated that the KPS Ⅲa is stable below 225 ℃, and different groups have great effects on the thermal stability of the polysaccharide.

In this study, petroleum ether-phase, ethyl acetate-phase and n-butanol-phase fractions of ethanol extract of sisal flower and polysaccharides extracted from the ethanol extraction residue were prepared and then their antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring the scavenging rates to DPPH radical (DPPH·), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide anion radical (O2·) respectively . The results showed that the three fractions of ethanol extract all have certain activity to scavenge DPPH·, ·OH and O2· with dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, compared to the other two, the ethyl acetate-phase fraction of ethanol extract at the concentration of more than 600 μg/ml presents the highest scavenging rate to DPPH·, which is much lower than that of TBHQ and BHT. At the concentration of not less than 64μg/ml, the ethyl acetate-phase fraction exhibits the highest ·OH scavenging rate, followed by the other two fractions having similar ·OH scavenging rate to TBHQ and BHT, and the polysaccharides in turn. At the concentration of 600 μg/ml, the n-butanol-phase fraction exhibits the highest O2· scavenging rate, which is much lower than that of TBHQ and BHT, while the O2· scavenging rate of the polysaccharides is significantly lower than that of the three fractions of    ethanol extract.

The static adsorption and desorption properties among 11 kinds of macroporous adsorption resins to Ampelopsis grossedentata flavones were compared, respectively. The results showed that resin NO.1 is the best for the purification of flavones with an adsorption capability of 41.41 mg/g and a desorption rate of 89.5%. Furthermore, the dynamic adsorption and desorption process parameters of resin NO.1 were optimized. The results indicated that when the concentration of crude flavones is 7 mg/ml, the volume of sample is 50 to 60 ml on resin NO.1 column of 2.5 × 50 cm, the flow rate is 1.8 ml/min and the eluent is 95% ethanol, the elution rate of flavones is 90% and the purity of obtained flavones is about 65%. Finally, the above flavones product was further purified by means of recrystallization. The main composition of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavones is identified as dihydromyricetin via UV-Vis spectrum, IR spectrum, and LC-MS chromatography analysis.

In the present study, sterilization effects of high voltage electric field (HVEF) on E. coli in aqueous solution and under dry condition were studied, respectively. The results indicated that the sterilization effects under dry condition are more conspicuous than those in aqueous solution. Under dry condition the sterilization rate of E. coli is remarkably ascended with the increment of time and HVEF intensity. When treated for 1 min, the survival rate of E. coli under voltage at 1 kV/cm is 6 times of the control, that under voltage at 2 kV/cm is about half of the control, and then following with the increase of voltage, the survival rate is fluctuated around 20% of the control. When treated for 10 min, the survival rate of E. coli under voltage at 1 kV/cm is 49% of the control, and that under voltage over 3 kV/cm is less than 3% of the control. In aqueous solution, the variety tendency of survival rate of E. coli presents oscillatory type, and the effects are not satisfying. Altogether, the sterilization effects of HVEF under dry condition are significant, and may be applied in the disinfection and sterilization of dry materials.

Changes in contents of total acid, reducing sugar, nonvolatile acids and amino acid nitrogen were continuously analyzed during processing of Zhenjiang fragrance vinegar. These changes were then subjected to the dynamic analysis to find the relationships between physicochemical indexes and aroma components by combining changes of aroma components. Results indicated that the changes in the contents of total acid, reducing sugar, nonvolatile acids and amino acid nitrogen differ during the whole production process, meanwhile there are close relationships between the changes of physiochemical indexes and aroma components in different production processes.

Objective: To study the static adsorption characteristics of resin ADS-8 to catechins from Xinyang Maojian tea extract. Methods: The adsorption isotherm and adsorption rate constant of resin ADS-8 to catechins were determined, and the effects of pH value and temperature on adsorption quantity of ADS-8 resin to catechins were investigated. Results: The adsorption isotherm equation is qe＝9.5486 Ce1/1.207, obeying Freundlich equation. The equation of adsorption rate is ln(1－α)＝ －0.0534t; Temperature affects significantly the adsorption quantity (F＝95.753 ＞ F0.05＝3.48), and 30 ℃ is the best. pH value is an inapparent affecting factor (F＝0.754 ＜ F0.05 ＝3.48).

Common lipids used in chocolate food products comprise of natural cocoa butter, cocoa butter equivalent, cocoa butter substitute (CBS) and milk fat. The compositions of triacylglycerol (TG) in these lipids were analyzed by high temperature gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that natural cocoa butter is similar to cocoa butter equivalent in TG compositions, but it differs from CBS. The TG compositions of milk fat are rather complicated, however, its GC profile is so unique to be recognized easily from other fats. The GC profile characteristics of the four lipids are valuable tool for rapid identification of cocoa butter and its substitute fats.

Crude polysaccharide was prepared from Hedysarum radix in Gangu of Gansu province by firstly aqueous extraction and then ethanol precipitation. An acidic polysaccharide was purified from the crude polysaccharide extract by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange column chromatography followed by Sepharose 6B Fast Flow gel column chromatography and then was subjected to composition and structural analysis. Agarose gel electrophoresis pattern indicated that the acidic polysaccharides is of high purity and further was proved to be heterogeneous by ultraviolet spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Thin-layer chromatogram showed that the monosaccharide compositions are xylose, glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, galactosamine hydrochloride or galactosamine hydrochloride, glucuronolactone or galactonolactone with the presence of sulfate group.

Effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on size distribution of soy protein isolate (SPI) polydispersion system, 7S dispersion system and 11S dispersion system were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the average protein granule size significantly decreases with the increase of electric field strength. It was demonstrated that the polydispersibility index (PDI) values of SPI polydispersion system and 7S monodispersion system both increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of electric field strength, but they are higher than those of the untreated systems. On the contrary, the PDI value of 11S dispersion system decreases at first and then increases with the increase of electric field strength. Meanwhile, the quantity of protein granules in the range of 20 to 100 nm increases with the increase of electric field strength for all the tested samples, which implied that PEF treatment can greatly affect the size distribution of protein granule, thus enhance its colloid properties.

The anthocyanins were extracted from Nitraric sibirica Pall fruit with methanol solution containing 1% hydrochloric acid and then fractionated by paper chromatography. Six color bands appearing on the paper chromatography pattern were recorded as No.1 to No.6 from the top to the bottom. Then they were identified using spectrometry and chromatography. Results showed that the fraction NO.1, NO.3 and NO. 4 are pelargonidin-3-rhamnoglucoside, cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside and delphinidi-n-3-galactoside, respectively.

Anthocyanins were extracted from blueberry at 40 ℃ using ethanol acidified with citric acid at a solvent to solid ratio of 15:1 (ml:g). Effects of metal ions and food additives on the stability of the anthocyanins from blueberry were investigated. Results indicated that Ca2+, Cu2+ and Al3+ show significant color-enhancing effects while no effects on the stability of anthocyanins. Zn2+ and Mn2+ at high concentrations have color-enhancing effects and can increase the stability of blueberry anthocyanins. Fe2+, Fe3+ and Pb2+ can cause the destruction of the blueberry anthocyanins. There is clear precipitate in blueberry anthocyanins solution containing either of Fe3+ and Pb2+. However, sodium benzoate shows positive effects on the stability of blueberry anthocyanins while H2O2 and ascorbic acid can decrease the stability and result in its more rapid discoloration. Sucrose has no harmful effects to the stability of blueberry anthocyanins but presents certain color-protective effect at higher concentrations.

A cypermethrin-imprinted polymer (CIP) with high selectivity was developed by using molecular imprinting technique with methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycoldimethacrylate as crosslinker. The selectivity and affinity of CIP were evaluated by adsorption equilibrium experiments. Results showed that cypermethrin-imprinted polymer exhibits higher affinity to cypermethrin compared to non-imprinted polymer. Scatchard analysis indicated that two recognition sites exist in cypermethrin-imprinted polymer molecular. The Kd (dissociation constant) and Qmax (maximum apparent adsorption quantity) of the site with higher affinity are 3.604×10-4 mol/L and 53.045 μmol/g, respectively, while those of the site with lower affinity are 1.8015×10-3 mol/L and 116.61 μmol/g, respectively. These results in this study showed that the cypermethrin-imprinted polymer is able to recognize and selectively absorb cypermethrin.

Effects of milling time, concentration, temperature on rheological properties of lotus seed starch paste were investigated. Results indicated that lotus seed starch paste is pseudo plastic fluid. With the milling time extending, viscous coefficient decreases accompanied with the gradual rise in rheological index. There is significant effect of milling time on the apparent viscosity of lotus seed starch paste. Under the same shearing rate, the longer the milling time, the smaller the apparent viscosity of lotus seed starch paste. The apparent viscosity of lotus seed starch paste dramatically increases with the increase of concentration. The lower the shearing rate, the more obvious the effect. However, when the milling time is above 96 h, concentration has little effect on the apparent viscosity. Temperature also has significant effect on the rheological properties of lotus seed starch paste and the apparent viscosity of lotus seed starch paste increase sharply with the temperature rising. The rheological properties of lotus seed starch paste with long milling time show less dependence on concentration and temperature.

Effects of factors including pH, NaCl, protein concentration on solubility and foaming properties of flaxseed protein isolate were investigated in this study. Results indicated that the influence of pH on solubility of protein isolate showed a typical V-shaped curve pattern. Significant salt-in and salt-out effects were observed when NaCl concentration was lower than 0.4 mol/L or higher than that. Within the range of 0.1% to 0.8%, an increment in protein concentration resulted in enhancements in foaming capacity and foaming stability. Lower foaming capacity was found at isoelectric point (pI), which proved to be higher foaming stability. NaCl concentration displayed the similar pattern in influencing foaming properties and solubility of protein isolate. Addition of sugar could increase foaming stability of flaxseed protein isolate while reduce its foaming capacity at the concentration above 5%. 

Brabender viscosity curve of Chinese water chestnut paste was determined. The effects of concentration, pH value, thickeners, sugars and salts on viscosity and rheological properties of Chinese water chestnut starch paste were investigated with NDJ-8S digital display viscometer. The results showed that Chinese water chestnut starch paste had low gelatinization temperature, high viscosity at peak and good cold stability. The starch paste was difficult to retrogradation while with poor thermal stability.  The viscosity of starch paste increased with the rising concentration and pH value. Xanthan gum and konjak gum could increase its viscosity while glucose and sucrose showed different pattern with the viscosity first increasing and later decreasing. NaCl and CaCl2 could reduce its viscosity. Chinese water chestnut starch paste proved to belong to non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid.

Ethanol extracts from Phyllanthus emblica L. were further separated into five fractions (A, B, C, D and E) on silica column by gradient elution of chloroform-methanol mixture (setting the volume ratio between them as 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 1:1 and 0:1). Among the obtained five fractions, C and D showed significant antibacterial activity. Then they were purified into five common monomer compounds (I, II, III, IV and V) through silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The inhibitory effects of the five monomer compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were measured. Three of them, compound II, III and V, showed some antibacterial activities. NMR and MS analysis results showed that the three monomer compounds were gallic acid, quercetin and oleanolic acid, respectively.

In the present study, the mechanism of ultrasonic enhancement in desulfurization of sulfited Chinese olive was discussed from the following aspects: (1) effects of ultrasonic on pericarp and pulp structures of Chinese olive, (2) heating effect of ultrasonic, and (3) sonochemical effect of ultrasonic. Results from scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that the pericarp and pulp structures of Chinese olive were ruptured and broken by ultrasonic. Hence, the dispersion of sulfur dioxide increased and the effect of desulfurization was enhanced. Ultrasonic would generate sonochemical effect on Chinese olive by iodine release assay and this effect elevated with the power of ulstrasonic rising and the frequency decreasing. Generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced by ulstrasonic might be the main cause of enhancing desulfurization. In addition, our results also demonstrated that heating effect of ultrasonic is favorable to enhance desulfurization.

In the presence of chitooligomers (COs), effect of and ionic toxicants on the growth and metabolism of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and yeast were investigated using microcalorimetry and turbidity methods. Results indicated that COs could antagonize the toxicity caused by heavy metal cations (Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+), AsO43- and fenaminosulf anions on the above three microorganisms in a concentration-dependent manner.

Three key conditions for inactivating Bacillus coagulans spore by ultra-high pressure combined with heating, such as pressure, preheating temperature and pressure-holding time were optimized using BP network in this study. Results indicated that BP network was capable of accurate prediction and the trained BP neural network was able to optimize and simulate the inactivation process of Bacillus coagulans spore by ultra-high pressure combined with heating. The best inactivation effect was obtained by preheating Bacillus coagulans suspension at 80 ℃ and then pressurizing it at 550 MPa for 20 min, and the number of Bacillus coagulans spore was decreased by 4.97 log unit, which was 0.16 log unit higher than the result from orthogonal test.

In the present study, through mutagenizing Streptomyces hygroscopicus CCTCC M203062 with UV and N-implantation, a mutant strain BB-2 with TGase activity of 7.19 U/ml was obtained. Then a new stain DG-1 resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) repression was obtained from the mutant strain BB-2 by repeated UV radiation, with good genetic stability and TGase activity of 9.21 U/ml, which was higher 118.5% than that of the original strain CCTCC M203062.

For increasing L-lactic acid production, the inoculation amount, addition time of CaCO3, temperature, medium volume in flask, and shaking speed were optimized by single-factor and orthogonal tests, and based on medium repeated fermentation, the semi-continuous fermentation technology of Rhizopus oryzae was established in the present study. The results showed that the optimum conditions for shaking semi-continuous fermentation were as follows: inoculation amount of spore suspension 4%, inoculation amount of seed 10%, CaCO3 added at the beginning of fermentation, medium volume in flask 20% to 30%, fermented at 28 to 30 ℃ for the first 36 h and then at 32 to 34 ℃for the second 36 h, and shaking speed 200 r/min. The optimum agitation speed, aeration volume and temperature for semi-continuous fermentation in 7-L magnetic stirred fermentor were 300 r/min, 1.25 L/min and 32 ℃, respectively. Under the above conditions, the yield of L-lactic acid was up to 86%. This study is hopeful to provide some experimental basis for the industrial production of L-lactic acid using the semi-continuous fermentation technology with Rhizopus oryzae.

Casein enzymatic hydrolysate was prepared by alkaline protease hydrolysis. Effects of zinc source type, concentration of casein enzymatic hydrolysate, mass ratio of casein enzymatic hydrolysate to zinc, reaction pH value, time and temperature on chelation of casein enzymatic hydrolysate with zinc were analyzed. Results showed that zinc in form of ZnSO4·7H2O presented a higher chelating capacity with casein enzymatic hydrolysate than that in forms of Zn(Ac)2 and ZnCl2 (p＜ 0.05). Better chelation effect was obtained under the conditions of concentration of casein enzymatic hydrolysate 0.04 g/ml, mass ratio of casein enzymatic hydrolysate to Zn2+ 4:1, reaction temperature 40 ℃, pH 6.0, and reaction time 20 min.

Production of L-lactic acid was investigated by high density fed-batch fermentation of Rhizopus oryzae As3.819. The optimum culture conditions in shaking flask were as follows: inoculation size 5%, inoculation age 24 h, medium volume in flask 40% and mass glucose to ammonium sulfate ratio 20:1. Higher density of Rhizopus oryzae As3.819 cell was obtained through glucose feedback feeding method in a 15-L fermentor, and the cell dry weight was up to 18.45 g/L. The L-lactic acid yield reached a stable level, 2.25 g/L·h after 5 repeated semi-continuous fermentations, which was higher 82.9% than that of batch fermentation, and the cell dry weight was increased by 92.9% .

Some studies confirmed that microbial fermentation of flaxseed meal is helpful to increase extraction yield of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from it. This conclusion was also proved in the present study, and Asp.oryzae 39# was screened as the fermentation strain due to its higher increasing effect on extraction yield of SDG than that of Asp. niger 848 and yeast. Furthermore, effects of fermentation conditions (such as fermentation time, temperature, and inoculation amount) of Asp.oryzae 39# on extraction yield of SDG were investigated. Results showed that the better fermentation time, temperature, and inoculation amount were 120 h, 25 to 30 ℃, and 2.5%, respectively. Under the above conditions the extraction yield of SDG was up to 21% to 22% and the SDG content in the extract is 16‰ to 17‰.

Squid by-products were applied to yield fish sauce by fermentation with three technologies. The changes of contents of total soluble nitrogen, amino nitrogen, total acid and total volatile basic nitrogen, conversion of nitrogen, pH value, and protease activity were determined during the fermentation process as well as the sensory quality of fish sauce. The results indicated that the contents of total soluble nitrogen, amino nitrogen and total volatile basic nitrogen, and conversion rate of nitrogen increased during the fermentation period while pH value, total acid content and protease activity displayed various change trends at different fermentation stages. The results from sensory quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) showed that all of the fish sauce products had favorable taste without any unpleasant flavor.

In order to promote the transformation of bound calcium into free form, cattle bone powder was fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium infantis, respectively. A L9 (34) orthogonal test was designed to optimize the fermentation conditions of the above two probiotics, such as amount of added sugar, inoculation amount, bone powder concentration and fermentation time with calcium transformation rate as the main evaluation index. In addition, the survival rates of the two probiotics in simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice were compared respectively. Results indicated that the optimal fermentation conditions of cattle bone powder by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were as follows: amount of added sugar 11%, inoculation amount 3%, bone powder concentration 5 g/100 ml and fermentation time 72 h (the most significant affecting factor), and those by Bifidobacterium infantis were as follows: amount of added sugar 8%, inoculation amount 5% (the most significant affecting factor), bone powder concentration 10 g/100 ml and fermentation time 72  h. The calcium transformation rate by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG fermentation was up to 32%, which was about 3 times as much as that by Bifidobacterium infantis fermentation. The survival rates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice were 10.38 and 16.35 times of those of Bifidobacterium infantis in the above two simulated juices, respectively.

In the present study, two yoghurt strains, Lactobacillus bulgaricus (KLDS 1.9201) and Streptococcus thermophilus (KLDS 3.0201) were cultured in 2.5-L fermentor with four initial lactose concentrations ranging from 30 to 90 g/L, and the process kinetic parameters including lactose consumption, cell number inrease and lactic acid production were investigated. The results indicated that the higher concentration of lactose had an inhibitory effect, and the initial lactose at a concentration of 50 g/L or 70 g/L was suitable. Under the former concentration, the lactose utilization rate by KLDS3.0201 reached 85.3%, the lactic acid production reached 36 g/L, and the living bacterial population was up to 4.4×109 CFU/ml after 6 h growth. Under the latter concentration, the lactose utilization rate by KLDS1.9201 reached 85.7%, the lactic acid production reached 52 g/L, and the living bacterial population was up to 2.15×109 CFU/ml after 8 h growth.

Using specific primers and probes, genetically modified tomato Bioscein were detected by real-time PCR method. The relative sensitivity of this method was 0.05%. Therefore, this method can be used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Bioscein.

Effect of chitosan from redswamp crayfish on bacterial cell surface was investigated. Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) were treated with chitosan solutions at varying concentrations for 3.5 h. The leakage of celluar content, the asparate transaminase (AST) activity, total protein (TP) content and nucleic acid content in the supernatants of bacterial suspension treated with the chitosan solutios were analyzed as well as morphological alterations of bacteria using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results indicated that AST activity and the contents of TP nuleotides in chitosan solutions were significant higher than those in control (p < 0.01). TEM image indicated the cellular content leakage and morphological alterations of both bacteria treated with chitosan. Chitosan was also found to significantly enhance SDS-induced bacteriolysis (p < 0.01). Our results suggested that chitosan from redswamp crayfish is able to damage the bacterial surface structure and lead to the loss of barrier function and the leakage of cellular content.

Hard clam meat was firstly hydrolyzed with combined neutral protease and trypsin, and then hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme. The combined ratio of neutral proteinase and trypsin was determined by q-test, and the hydrolysis parameters of Flavourzyme were optimized by orthogonal test in terms of hydrolysis yield and total amino nitrogen content. Meanwhile, the superiority of this enzymolysis technology (defined as technology III) was confirmed by measuring degree of hydrolysis (DH) and hydrolysis yield and analyzing amino acid composition of hydrolysate, compared with first neutral protease hydrolysis and then Flavourzyme hydrolysis (technology I), first trypsin hydrolysis and then Flavourzyme hydrolysis (technology II) and first trypsin hydrolysis and then neutral protease hydrolysis (technology IV). Results showed that the optimal combined ratio of t neutral proteinase and trypsin was 3:1, and the optimum hydrolysis conditions of Flavourzyme were as follows: enzyme dosage 1000 U/g raw material, hydrolysis temperature 55 ℃, time 5.0 h, and pH 5.00 ± 0.05. Under the above conditions, the degree of hydrolysis, hydrolysis yield and flavor score were 55.97%, 87.14% and 230.98, respectively.

A combining method of freeze-drying with microencapsulation technology was used to improve the survival rate of Bifidobacterium lactis in the process of storage and consumption. With high efficient cryoprotectants and Bifidobacterium lactis as the core materials, Bifidobacterium lactis microcapsule was prepared by emulsification method. The varieties of cryoprotectant and their optimum ratio were optimized through orthogonal test, and the survival properties of freeze-dried Bifidobacterium lactis microcapsule in extreme environments such as simulated gastrointestinal environment and high osmotic environment were explored as well as the bile and acid tolerances. The results showed that the addition of 10% ilulin, 6% soy protein, 12% trehalose and 10% mannitol may significantly enhance the living bacterial number of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium lactis during freeze-drying and promote its survival rate to 69.2%. However, compared to the freeze-dried Bifidobacterium lactis powder, the freeze-dried Bifidobacterium lactis microcapsule presented better tolerance in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, high bile solution, high osmotic solution and acid food.

A strain of moderately halophilic Bacillus sp.XJ1-05 producing α-amylase was isolated from a salt lake, Aibi Lake in Xinjiang by our lab. With the prime designed on the basis of the published converse nucleotide sequence of α-amylase gene, DNA fragment of α- amylase gene was obtained from Bacillus sp.XJ1-05 and amplified by PCR, cloned into vector pGM-T and sequenced. The results showed that the fragment length of α- amylase gene is about 1500 bp and this α- amylase gene has a homology of 95% with the α-amylase gene sequence of Bacillus licheniformis. Then the gene fragment was directionally subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and then expressed under the induction of IPTG. SDS-PAGE pattern showed that the α-amylase gene was successfully expressed in prokaryotic expression vector E. coli BL21, and the relative molecular weight of the expressed protein is about 61 ku, which is consistent with that from theoretical derivation. Furthermore, the α-amylase produced by the constructed E. coli engineering bacteria was inclusion body. After smashing the inclusion boby with ultrasonic cell smash instrument, the releasedα-amylase activity was determined. It was calculated that the α-amylase activity was 1.8 times as much as that produced by original strain.

An immunoaffinity column (IAC) was prepared with anti-ochratoxin A (OTA) monoclonal antibody  and the efficiency of IAC was analyzed by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (IC-ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that this IAC had a high column capacity of binding OTA (200 ng) and the recovery ranging from 90.38 % to 100.1 %, and could be used repeatedly 3 times. IAC linked with HPLC was used to detect OTA contents in 15 cereal samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of OTA by this method was 0.2  μg/kg. Samples with OTA levels from 0.6 to 400  μg/kg could be quantitified by this method. The recovery of spiked OTA at levels of 1 to 10 μg/kg ranged from 78.7 % to 87.1 % with coefficients of variation (CVs) less than 6.5 %. This method was applied to detect 15 saled cereal samples. The positive detection rate was 46.7 %, and the highest OTA content detected was 0.785 μg/kg.

In the production of glutathione (GSH) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSJB1 fermentation, effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and its added time into fermentation medium on Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSJB1 biomass and GSH yield were investigated. The results showed that adding 0.01 g/L H2O2 at the beginning of fermentation and middle logarithmic growth phase and adding 0.1 g/L H2O2 at the stationary phase and highest-yield production phase of GSH had the promoting effect on the GSH production, but other situations had the reverse effect on it. The maximum GSH production yield was up to 43.73 mg/L, 5.3% higher than the control without H2O2 addition. Effects of addition of precursor amino acids, glutamic acid, cysteine and glycin at varying concentrations on Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSJB1 biomass and GSH yield were also investigated. The results showed that there were little changes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSJB1 biomass and the GSH content with the concentration of glutamic acid increasing. With the concentration of glycin increasing, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSJB1 biomass decreased, but the GSH yield had no greatly change. Cysteine could markedly promote the production of GSH, and when the concentration of cysteine was 9 mmol/L, the GSH yield was 67.11 mg/L, 81.88% higher than the control without the addition.

The factors affecting the solid-state and low-salt fermentation of soy sauce paste were investigated in the present study. The variation range of parameters was determined by single-factor test. Then four factors such as water content, salt content, fermentation period and temperature were tested by Box-Behnken design. Finally using amino acid nitrogen yield as the response value, the effects of one degree term, quadratic term and interaction term of various factors were clarified through variance analysis and response surface analysis. The results showed that the optimum water content, salt content, fermentation period and temperature were 60%, 11%, 15 days and 45 ℃, respectively. Under this condition, the yield of amino acid nitrogen was 0.8685 g/100 ml.

To determine the shelf life of xylitol yoghurt, its quality changes during fermentation and storage were investigated. The results showed that the acidity and conductivity of the xylitol yoghurt rise but its pH value falls along with the increase of fermentation and storage time. The number of Lactobacillus, viscosity and sensory evaluation are the best on the third day of storage and then begin to descend after that. Its shelf life is 9 days and it is the best to be drunk in three days.

In the present study, sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups, namely normal, model, bifendate positive control and three crude corn peptides (CCP)-treated groups. Firstly, the CCP-treated groups were by gavage administered respectively with the doses of 180, 360 and 720 mg /kg bw of CCP, the positive control group was by gavage administered with the dose of 200 mg/kg bw of bifendate, and the normal and model groups were simultaneously received the same amount of saline once a day for 10 days. Then other mice except the normal group were administered by intraperitoneal injection with 700 mg/kg bw of D-galactosamine (D-GalN). Finally, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities in serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in liver of all mice were measured by the detection kits according to the manufacturer’s protocols, and the pathological characteristics of liver were observed under light microscopy. The results showed that compared with the model group, the administration of 720 mg/kg bw of CCP significantly reduces the ALT and AST activities (p＜0.01) in serum and the MDA lever (p＜0.01) in liver, and successfully promotes SOD activity (p＜0.01) and the GSH level (p＜0.05) in liver, whose hepatoprotective effect is close to 200 mg/kg bw of bifendate. The microscopic examination also indicated that the morphology of livers in the high-dose CCP group and the positive control group are similar to that in the normal group. In conclusion, CCP possesses potent hepatoprotective effects on D-GalN-induced liver damage in mice.

In the present study, lactose-removed milk protein was hydrolyzed into peptides with chymotrypsin and trypsin together, and then after removing the substances with over 6000 D molecular weight by ultra-filtration, the residual hydrolysates were separated into 6 fractions (a, b, c, d, e, and f) by Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography. Kunming male mice were administered the above 6 fractions respectively by gavage for 28 days, and with the loaded swimming time as evaluation index, the best anti-fatigue peptide was chosen from the 6 fractions. Furthermore, through the determination of loaded swimming time, content of serum urea nitrogen after swimming, liver glycogen level, and serum lactate concentration before swimming of mice, its anti-fatigue ability was evaluated. The results showed that the fraction c is the best anti-fatigue peptide. It can significantly promote the loaded swimming time and liver glycogen level of mice, and reduce the contents of serum urea nitrogen and lactate of mice after swimming. It was concluded that the fraction c can improve the anti-fatigue ability of mice.

Growth inhibition effects of Ganoderma lucidum peptides (GLP) on human hepatoma HepG2 cells were investigated in vitro. The HepG2 cells were incubated with varying concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) of GLP for 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h. Anti-proliferation activities of GLP were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Morphological changes of treated HepG2 cells were observed under visible light microscope and fluorescence microscope, and changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The results showed that there is significant inhibition against the growth of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependant manner. Morphological alterations can be found including cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+ remarkably increases after treatment of GLP as compared with control by LSCM.

In the present study, 30 g of Cordyceps gunni (Berk) Berk mycelia were extracted with 200 ml of methanol, and then the obtained extract was extracted the mixed 100 ml of methanol, 100 ml of deionized water and 100 ml of n-hexane and the methanol phase was collected, finally the methanol phase was extracted with 100 ml of ethyl acetate and the ethyl acetate phase was collected, concentrated through rotary evaporation, and dried for further studies, such as purification by silica thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography with diethyl ether- n-hexane-methanol (5:5:1,V/V), structural analysis of by infrared (IR) spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and anti-proliferation effects against MCF-7 and HL-7702 cells. The results showed that after the sequential solvent extraction with ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate, 0.6914 g of final extract is obtained and the yield is 2.06%. The final extract comprises three fractions, namely FB1, FB2 and FB3. The fraction FB3 is proved to be a sterol compound by IR and 1H-NMR, and its has strong inhibitory effects against proliferation of MCF-7 and HL-7702 cells with the maximum inhibitory rates of 49.78% at 12.5μg/ml and 84.54% at 50.0μg/ml, respectively.

Objective: To investigate effects of the mixture of ultrafine yak bone powder, casein phosphopeptide (CPP) and inulin on rat bone density and serum biochemical indexes. Method: Fifty Wistar female rats with about 90 ± 10 g body weight were divided into 5 groups at random, namely control group (normal diet), experiment group NO.1 (fed the diet containing 50% ultrafine yak bone powder plus 10% CPP plus 40% inulin), experiment group NO.2 (fed the diet containing 50% ultrafine yak bone powder plus 20% CPP plus 30% inulin), experiment NO.3 (fed the diet containing 50% ultrafine yak bone powder plus 30% CPP plus 20% inulin), and experiment group (fed the diet containing 50% ultrafine yak bone powder plus 40% CPP plus 10% inulin). All the diets for the five groups contain 10±1 g calcium /kg. Results: Compared to the control group, the bone densities of four experiment groups rise by 23.48%, 20.0%, 21.74% and 18.26%, respectively. There are no statistical differences (p＞0.05) in contents of AKP and TG, the CHO content of experiment group NO.2 is significantly lower 9.82% than that of the control group (p＜0.05), and there are no statistical differences (p＞0.05) in contents of K+ and Na+ in serum as well, but compared to the control group the Ca+ contents of four experiment groups decline by 47.1%, 12%, 14.49% and 8.29%, respectively. The serum Cl－ content of experiment group NO.2 is significantly lower than that of the control group and other three experiment groups (p＜0.05). Conclusion: Nutritious yak bone powder may improve bone density and there are no adverse effects on the serum biochemical indexes.

Polyfruitnol derived from blueberry, grapeseed, redwine and green tea was fortified with various vitamins and flavoring agents. The antiaging function of polyfruitnol to rat was investigated. 32 aging rats (18 months age) were randomly divided into 4 groups: 2 polyfruitnol-treated groups (50 and 100 mg/kg bw), VE group (35 mg/kg bw) and control group. All rats were administered with drugs or normal saline by gavage once a day for 16 days. After the administration, biochemical assay was conducted by measuring the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the contents of malodndaldegyde (MDA) in plasma, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum and lipofuscin (LF) in heart. Results indicated that this polyfruitinol could significantly improve the activities of SOD and GSH-Px (p＜0.01) and is able to decrease the contents of the MDA and LF (p＜0.05), indicating that the polyfruitinol has certain antiaging function. The mechanisms may be associated with increasing the activities of antioxidation enzymes and preventing lipid peroxidation in tissues．

In this study, diabetic mice model was established by intravenous injection of 70 mg/kg alloxan. Then the mice were administered with metformin (the positive control), and ethanol extract and aqueous extract of Fructus pyhlllanthi fruit by gastric perfusion, respectively, to investigate the effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts on blood glucose level of diabetic mice. The results showed that the aqueous extract can significantly decrease the blood glucose level in diabetic mice (p＜0.05), but there is only a hypoglycemic tendency induced by ethanol extract without statistical significance (p＞0.05).

Regulating effects of edible insects on blood glucose and lipid levels was investigated by feeding mice the high-lipid and high-carbohydrate diet in addition of 3% freeze-dried insect powder. Six edible insect varieties were selected in this experiment including Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius larvae, Clanis bilineata Walker larvae, Tenebrio molito L. larvae, Locusta migratoria Meyer imago, Brachytrupes portentosus Lichtenstein imago and the fifth instar silkworm larvae. Results revealed that the fifth instar silkworm larvae is able to remarkably reduce the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, total serum cholesterol and triglycerides in mice. Meanwhile, Locusta migratoria Meyer imago notably lowers fasting blood glucose, while Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius larvae can decrease postprandial blood glucose effectively. All the test insects can reduce the levels of total serum cholesterol and triglycerides in mice at different degrees and among them, Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius larvae and silkworm larvae are the most efficient in regulate total cholesterol, while Brachytrupes portentosus Lichtenstein imago and silkworm larvae contribute more in controlling triglycerides.

Objective: To study the effect of polysaccharide extracted from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz on brain inflammatory response during focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in anesthetized rats by using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Eighty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, reperfusion group, distilled water group and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide group. Then three subgroups of each rat group were obtained at 1 h of MCAO with different time intervals (6 , 12 and 24 h) of reperfusion. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay and calculation of blood vessels with positive immunohistochemical staining of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were performed in the ischemic brain tissues. Results: The ICAM-1-positive blood vessels in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide group are significantly less than those in reperfusion group and distilled water group at different time intervals of reperfusion (p ＜ 0.01). The MPO activity in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide group is significantly lower than that in reperfusion group and distilled water group (p＜0.01). Conclusion: Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide could dramatically decrease neutrophil infiltration and ICAM-1 expression in the ischemic areas. It might be helpful to ameliorate the reperfusion injury induced by brain inflammatory response.

In food fermentation, some molds including Mucor and Rhizopus of Phycomycetes, Monascus of Ascomycetes, and Aspergillus and Penicillium of Deuteromycetes were usually used to produce endopeptidases, which is of important practical value in milk coagulation, hydrolyte preparation from protein and contribution to nice flavor in the production of dairy products and soybean fermentation products. This paper reviewed the properties and the fermentation conditions for endopeptidase production by Mucor, Aspergillus and Rhizopus, respectively, emphatically compared the endopeptidase characteristics, cleavage sites for substrate reaction and fermentation parameters, hoping to  provide some scientific bases for deep study on the properties of endopeptidase production by the above three molds and further development of distinctive protease preparation.

Recently, microbial cholesterol oxidase (COD) has drawn too much attention and lots of related studies have been done due to their perfect application values in clinical diagnosis, food processing, biopharmaceutical industry, and gene engineering, etc. This article reviewed the recent research progress on COD from the following aspects: (1) variety of available bacterial sources, (2) enzymatic properties, (3) molecular structure basis, (4) methodology in COD activity assay, (5) COD gene cloning, and (6) applications of COD in clinical diagnosis, food processing, biopharmaceutical industry, molecular biological study and disinsection.

This paper reviewed recent research situation at home and abroad on the regulation effects of temperature, gas, chemical agent, plant growth regulator on the cold sensitivity of peach fruit.

In this review, the fundamental principle and the main features of ultra-high pressure technology were introduced, the effects of ultra-high pressure processing on enzymatic activity, pigments, color, texture, flavor, nutrient compounds, antioxidant activity and major microorganisms in fruits and vegetables were discussed, and the application prospect and safty of ultra-high pressure technology in processing of fruits and vegetables was analyzed.

Anisakis is a kind of nematode of Anisakidae, Ascaridida. It is worldwide-distributed in marine animals. According to Chinese regulations, Anisakis is regarded as the second-grade parasite which is forbidden to enter our country. Ingestion of seafood that contains the live third-stage larvae of Ascaridida could cause a serious human disease, namely anisakiasis. With the increasing consumption of raw seafood in recent years, enough attention should be put on Anisakis for effective prevention of its hazard to human. In this paper the life history, distribution and pathogenicity of Anisakis were summarized, and the advances in analysis and control of this parasite in seafood were reviewed.

Egg proteins are an excellent source of biofunctional peptides which inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in the cardiovascular system can contribute to the prevention and treatment of hypertension. These ACE inhibitory peptides are derived from many food proteins, especially egg white proteins. This paper reviewed the recent research progresses on  preparation methods, antihypertensive activity, enzymolysis kinetics, structural modification and embedding techniques of ACE inhibitory peptides from egg white proteins, as well as future study and application directs in food and medicine fields, hoping to provide some references for the study and development of egg white protein.

Genus Daphne has been traditionally taken as medicinal plant. In recent decades, a large range of bioactive compounds in Daphne has been identified including diteropenoid, coumarin, lignan, biflavonoid and flavonoid. Pharmacological studies indicated that the constituents have bioactivities of analgesia, immunoregulation, anti-inflammation, antiumor, antibacterial effect, decompression, anti-HIV, anti-leukaemia, imhibiting protein kinase C and anti-ghrombosis. This paper reviewed the recent research progresses on chemical constituents of genus Daphne and their bioactivities.

The emetic toxin (cereulide) of Bacillus cereus can not be inactivated by heating treatment, and even no methods are known for detoxifying cereulide in food. Therefore it is important to know the factors affecting the formation of cereulide in food. In this review, the characteristics of spores and emetic toxin-producing strains of Bacillus cereus as well as emetic food-borne poisoning were described. Moreover, the new methods for isolating, detecting and quantifying cereulide in food were introduced. Finally, emetic toxin production by Bacillus cereus in different growth environments was discussed.

Gel properties of myofibrillar protein is the important features of meat and meat products, which could affect texture, emulsion, water holding capability, and sensory characteristics of meat products. This paper introduced the formation mechanism of protein gel, and emphatically discussed the affecting factors of gel formation, hoping to provide some scientific basas for producing high quality meat products.

Ethylene plays an important role in the ripening process of plants. ACC synthease and ACC oxidase are rate-limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis in plants, thus both of them are important for the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. This paper reviewed the research progress of molecular biology on ACC synthease and ACC oxidase and the effects of inhibiting ACC synthase and ACC oxidase on the biosynthesis of endogentic ethylene or the storage of flowers, fruits and vegetables.

Carnosine is a water-soluble endogenous dipeptide and has strong antioxidant effect. It is not only an antioxidant additive in food, but also an important compound with physiological activity. This paper reviewed recent research progress on its antioxidant efficiency and physiological activity in different parts of organism at home and abroad.

Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared reflectance (ATR-FTIR) and its application in the research of cereal and food/dough system were reviewed in this paper.  The relationships between spectra of ATR-FTIR and conformation of protein and starch, hydration of protein, retrogradation and hydrolysis of starch were mainly introduced.  Having superior advantage of surface sensitivity, the uses of ATR-FTIR as a new tool in studying dough stickiness and the mechanism were also described.

Anthocyanin is a kind of widely distributed plant pigments, which belongs to flavonoids. In recent years, many animal experiments and epidemiological studies indicated that it has biological activities of anti-oxidation, accelerating cell apoptosis and inhibiting DNA strand scission, and shows the prevention effect on tumor, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and other diseases. This paper mainly reviewed its effects on tumor and partial mechanisms.

Determination of pesticides in food is an important problem as food safety has become really a hot topic in today’s China. Sample preparation is the most time consuming and tiring procedure in determination process, and the quality of preparation determines the analysis accuracy and precision.  As a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe sample preparation method, QuEChERS method has received much concerns. This article summarized the application of QuEChERS method in multi-residue determination of precides in fruits and vegetables, cereal, grains, and animal tissue, etc, and forecasted the bright prospect of QuEChERS method.