Interaction between konjac glucomannan (KGM) and soybean protein isolate (SPI) has been studied by means of dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The factors such as gelling time, temperature, frequency and strain were revealed in this study. The storage modulus G′was larger than the loss modulus G″for the gel mixtures of KGM and SPI at high concentration. It showed that the association of molecular chains and sol-gel transition was occurred and a three dimensional network was formed between KGM and SPI. An alkaline coagulant treatment for mixtures of KGM and SPI improved the viscoelastic properties of the gel. The frequency dependence of G′and G″for mixtures of KGM and SPI without alkaline at lower frequencies range from 10-2 to 101 rad/s were observed, but at higher frequencies the frequency dependence of G′and G″for mixtures of KGM and SPI with or without alkaline were not confirmed in this study.

Chitosans with low molecular weight were prepared by homogeneous degradation of chitosan by microwave irradiation in different acid solution. The effects of various factors such as: reaction solution, H2O2/Chitosan ratio, microwave irradiation power and time on the degradation reaction were investigated in this paper. The results showed that chitosans with 10～100 thousand molecular weight were prepared in 1～6 minutes by microwave irradiation under the different reaction conditions. Moreover, the yield was higher and repetition was well. Keeping other reaction conditions fixed, the degradation velocity of chitosan in CH3COOH solution was the quickest and it was fit for preparing water-unsolvable chitosan with 10～ 50 thousand molecular weight while, the yield was over 80%. The degradation velocity in HCOOH solution was slowest and it was fit for preparing chitosan with more than 50 thousand molecular weight, while the yield was over 90%. The degradation velocity in HCl solution was in-between the other two.

Reciprocal activation of prourokinase and plasminogen is an important mechanism in the initiation and propagation of local fibrinolytic activity. We have found that glucosyldiacylglycerol enhanced the reciprocal activation of both zymogens to active two-chain forms. The reciprocal activation system consists of (i) plasminogen activation by prourokinase to form plasmin, (ii) prourokinase activation by the resulting plasmin to form two-chain urokinase and (iii) plasminogen activation by the resulting urokinase-type prasminogen activator. Whereas glucosyldiacylglycerol minimally affected steps (ii) and (iii) in isolated systems, glucosyldiacylglycerol markedly enhanced plasminogen activation by prourokinase to form plasmin in the absence of the conversion of prourokinase to two-chain urokinase. Glucosyldiacylglycerol significantly increased intrinsic fluorescence of prourokinase, but not of two-chain urokinase and plasminogen. The large change in intrinsic fluorescence suggeststhat glucosyldiacylglycerol selectively affects prourokinase to alter its conformation, and this mechanism may account for enhancement of its intrinsic plasminogen activator activity. Glucosyldiacylglycerol significantly enhanced the fibrinolytic activationo ff ibrinc lots inv itro.

Experiments on the beer yeast liquid sterilized by high-pressure carbon dioxide were carried out in this paper. Tests showed that, an obvious sterilizating effect on beer yeast was resulted. The sterilizating effects were strongly affected by the parameters, such as the pressure of the carbon dioxide, sterilizing time, the concentration of the beer yeast solution, and the diameter of the micro-pore from which the high pressure CO2 was spouted into the solution. The highest sterilizing efficiency was reached at 37.2% under the test conditions of 1.0MPa CO2 and 4 min sterilizing time.

Using liquid chromatography /spectrometry (ESI),phase B (methyl alcohol),phase A (water), 0.3ml/min of flow rate, a linear gradient from 60% to 100% of phase B and eluate for 25min on a Lichrospher C-18 column, diethylstilbestrol and it’s derivates cis (tran)- diethylstilbestrol -mno- ether-butyrate-ethyl (DES-MEBE), diethylstilbestrol-di-ether-butyrate- ethyl (DES-DEBE) were separated and identified. The conjugates of DES-MCPE with proteins as complete antigens were prepared by the mixed anhydride method and the conjugation rate of them were analyzed by UV scanning. The result demonstrated that the isomerization was present in cis and tans of DES and it’s derivates, which was effected obviously by polar solvents. And through calculation the conjugation rate is 10.

The gelatination properties of waxy maize starch, including the paste properties, rheological behaviors and gel strength, were studied in this work. The results indicated that the gelatination of waxy maize starch was easier, and the pastes had worse heat viscosity stability, better cold viscosity stability and lower gel strength. The paste of waxy maize starch was a plasto-fluid, the apparent viscosity of the pastes was affected by the starch concentration, temperature and pH values. The in- situ consolidation forming of alumina ceramics was realized by utilizing the gelatination properties of waxy maize starch. The forming bodies wre slippery, smooth and flawless, with the properties of high density and low linear shrinkage.

This paper firstly studied the high levels of inulinase by Kluyveromyces S120 under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The results showed that wheat bran was the best solid substrate, 10% inulin and 0.5% (NH4)2SO4 could enhance the yield of inulinase. The optimized process parameters were 20.0g medium in 300ml flask, initial moisture content of solid substrate 66%, initial pH of the medium 5.7, incubation temperature 34℃, inoculum size 3.9% and fermentation time 72h. The average yield in triplicate under optimal conditions was 118.28U/g(Dry Weight). Inulinase was produced in partial parallel with the strain growth, which made Kluyveromyces S120 promising for a potential application in industrial scale.

Objective: To examine the effect of sodium selenite on growth of SGC-7901 cells. Methods: The growth curve of SGC-7901 cells was measured by using cell culture and SRB experiment; effects of sodium selenite on SGC-7901 cell colony- forming and cell mitotic index were examined by using the relative tests; effect of sodium selenite on SGC-7901 cell growth cycle was measured by using flow cytometry; and sodium selenite-induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis was examined by electron microscope, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Results: In the curve sodium selenite significantly inhibited respectively the SGC-7901 cell growth, colony-forming and mitotic index dose dependently. Flow cytometry detection showed that, after 24 hours, sodium selenite reduced the percentage of G1 phase cells but increased the percentage of S phase cells in cell cycle (p< 0.05 compared with control group). Electron microscope detection showed nucleus pycnosis, and crescent-shaped chromatic agglutination stiching closed to karyotheca with karyotheca distortion. DNA histogram showed a typical apoptosis peak as hyodiplod. TUNEL staining showed that apoptosis index was between 10.4% and 33.4%. Conclusion: Sodium selenite had an inhibitory effect on SGC-7901 cell growth with dose-effect relationship. The inhibition of S phase cell proliferation and induction of cell apoptosis might underlie the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of sodium selenite on SGC-7901 cell growth.

The effects of fermentation conditions on rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated through the single factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that: The optimized compositions of the medium were (g/L): NaNO3 8, KH2PO4 0.8, K2HPO4 1.0, MgSO4 2.5, MnSO4 0.015, FeSO4 0.02, yeast extract1.5, and olive oil14%. The optimum conditions were: 60ml in 250ml total volume, seed volume 10%(V/V); the temperature of the shaking table 35℃, rotating speed 150r/min, the initial pH7.5, the culture time of seed 1d, and the fermentation time 4d. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum yield of rhamnose was 21.06g/L which it was increased by 31.7%.

The purple-red petals of Althaea rosea (L.)Cavan. were used as experimental materials to extract flower pigments. The effects of light, heat, pH value, oxide, reductor, sucrose, salt, preservative and metal ions were investigated on the stability of the pigment. The components and the amounts of harmful trace elements of the crude pigments were assayed. The edible- safety was examined by the test of mice’s acute toxicity. The results indicated that this pigment was of a type of anchocyanin and had a strong resistance to light but a poor capability against H2O2 and Na2SO3. The pigment exhibited a resistance to heat treatment to certain extent. The colour of the pigment was improved by the addition of VC. Sucrose, salt, sodium benzoate and most of metal ions had no negative effects on the stability of the pigment, but Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Pb2+ and Sn2+ accelerated the pigment degradation . Based on the tests of harmful trace elements and acute toxicity, it was suggested that this pigment couldbe safely used as a natural functional pigment.

During the processing of cloudy apple juice, L and b values decreased and a value increased. The amount of polyphenols in juice decreased because of its being oxidized during procesing as by HPLC. The amount of Polymeric and mono Proanthocyanidin, chlorogenic acid, totol phenols and epicatechin in cloudy apple juice were retained respectively as 79.2%、83.8%、72.8% and 71.1% compared with raw materiac apple. The volatile components were mainly esters and alcohols analysized by Solid Phase Microextraction(SPME)and GC-MS. The amount of esters in apple was 46.94%, while decreased to 30.26% for juice. The amounts of alcohols and aldehydes in apple were 38.8% and 6.7% respectively, but increased to 46.16% and 6.7% respectively forj uice.

Oxidation of cholesterol in the presence of cooking oil during heating was studied in comparison with oxidation of pure cholesterol. The sample pretreatment was conducted by solid-phase extraction column as (made by the laboratory itself) provided micro-packed-bed with only 20mg of sorbent(silica gel 60H). The cholesterol oxidation products were separated and assayed by capillary column gas chromatography. Six cholesterol oxidation products were detected. Among them, 7-ketocholesterol was the most predominant product. To some degree, the amount of cholesterol oxidation products increased along with the increase of heating time and temperature, but there was the tendency of decrease with the increase of the amount of oil added.

Ca2+-ATPase stability of some fresh-water fishes was discussed here, together with study of changes of Ca2+-ATPase and pH when stored at different temperatures. The result showed that the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was decreased with increasing of temperature during treatment, where as 20℃ was the critical point for Ca2+-ATPase activity decrease. Activity of Ca2+-ATPase was preserved very well in the condition pH 7.0 Low temperature was advantageous to maintain Ca2+-ATPase stability. So before processing, fish should be stored in low temperature to get better quality.

In this article, the method of isolation and some fermented charactertics of Lactobacillus from naturally fermented peppers were presented. Lact 1, Lact 2 and Lact 3 were isolated and their charactertics are studied in this paper. The results were that Lact 1, Lact 2 and Lact 3 showed obvious lactic acid productivity and provided by ideal bacteria for peppers fermentation.

Different solvent systems, and pretreatment of NaHCO3 to remove the other pigments and the optimized conditions for the equipment have been discussed in the separation of theaflavin monomer by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The results have showed that the solvent system of ethyl acetate/hexane/methanol/water (3:1:1:6) could separate the theaflavins and NaHCO3 was helpful to purify the theaflavins. In regards to the equipment parameters the injection amount of tea pigments was 200mg, velocity of mobile phase was 1.2ml/min and the rotate speed was 880r/min.

The chemical compositions of the essential oil obtained from the leaves and stalks of Chrysanthemum nankingense Hand. Mazz were analyzed by GC/MS method. Among the sixteen identified constituents comprising 90.62% of the total oil, the dominant components were citrals, sesquiterpenes and their derivatives, and linalool. The in vitro essay of the oil was studied against 6 fungi. The results showed that the oil exhibited remarkable inhibition to A. niger, R. oryzae, Mucor sp., P. citrinum, G. candidum and A. circinans with MICs or MBCs of 0.3%～0.6% (V/V) respectively, and that the inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of the test fungi by the oil (0.4%～0.6%,V/V) was held in accordance with PPA (0.5%,W/V) in 2-week culture period. It was well known that once infection has occurred, suppression of mycelium growth within foods became an important management objective to prevent the mildew of the foods. So, the oil from Chrysanthemum nankingense would give a potential of application as a fungicide.

The inhibition of trehalose for the retrogradation of sticky rice starch was studied. It was found that replacing part of granulated sugar in the complex solution of granulated sugar and sticky rice starch with trehalose could be effectively stay the course of retrogradation. Meanwhile, the inhibition of trehalose for the retrogradation could be more apparent during the frequent courses of freezing and thawing, according to the analysis of the preservation condition.

4 bacteriophage strains of yogurt were isolated from a fermentation tank in the plant of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd. By electron microscopy observation, they appeared like tadpole. The burst size of No. 1 bacteriophage was 549, and its latent period was less than 15min. The environment of both pH4～6 and 0.04% Ca2+ contributed to their growth. But they were deactivated at 60℃ for 30min. The burst size of No. 2 bacteriophage is 681, and its latent period was less than 15min. The environment of both pH4～8 and 0.04% Ca2+ contributed to their growth. But they were deactivated at 50℃ for 40min or 60℃ for 20min. The burst size of No. 3 bacteriophage was 424, and its latent period was less than 15min. The environment of both pH8～10 and 0.06% Ca2+ contributed to their growth. But they were deactivated at 60℃ for 10min. The burst size of No. 4 bacteriophage was 506, and its latent period was less than 15min. The environment of both pH7～8 and 0.04% Ca2+ contributed to their growth. But they were completely deactivated at 60℃ for 40min.

Drying temperature was one of the most important factors that affect the properties of edible wheat gluten film. The influences of different drying temperature in the preparation of samples on the properties of wheat gluten film, such as: light transmitting rate, water solubility, tensile strength, elongation rate, water vapor permeability, etc, were discussed in this paper. when the drying temperature was 60℃, the experimental results showed that the film had the best properties.

The red pigment in Lorpetalum.chinense Var. rubrum’s flowers was extracted with microwave treatment and 20% ethanol, step-purified with alcohol butyl, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activities of the extract and its diferent extracts against the three kinds of bacteria were determined by Oxford Cup method. Then the bacteriostasis coefficient in contrast with norfloxacin were gotten. The results show was that the extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escheichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae efficaciously. The MIC of the extract were about 0.1～0.5g/ml against Staphylococlus aureus, and Shigella dysenteroae. The extract was stable when treat at high temperature, or at pH2～7, or at ultraviolet.

The mitochondria of dried sea cucumbers extracted with optimized CTAB method. The quantitative and qualitative analyses through the calculation of A260/A280. Agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR were carried out. The results showed that comparing with other methods, the traditional CTAB method would give quicker and more, economical and dependable results.

In order to realize high accumulation of hepatoprotective isoflavones in cultured cells of Maackia amurensis, medium components were optimized through single factor test and the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that NO3, NH4, 2,4- D and BA were four main factors that exerted significant effects on isoflavone accumulation in cultured cells and the optimum combination was 1500mg/L KNO3, 200mg/L (NH4)2SO4 and 0.1mg/L BA, respectively. In optimized medium, the average isoflavone accumulation reached 19.3mg/L, which was 9.3 times higher than in original medium.

In this paper, carboxymethyl corn porous starch was prepared by adding chlorine acetic acid and ethanol. The effects of the degree of substitution to temperature, time, sodium hydroxide amount, chlorine acetic acid amount and ethanol concentra- tion were also discussed. With the degree of substitution, the optimal conditions for carboxymethyl porous starch were obtained through single factor and orthogonal experiments: reaction temperature 45℃, reaction time 6h, sodium hydroxide amount 4.0g, chlorine acetic acid amount was 4.5g and ethanol concentration 95%. When compared with raw corn starch and porous starch in the physicochemical and paste rheological properties, there were more finer improvements in carboxymethyl porous starch.

Rape pollen grown in Hubei province was used, and we compared the content of main nutrient in rape pollen with its content in wall-broken rape pollen through temperature change, we can concluded that the content of protein and fat raised4%, 2% respectively, the content of VC raised slightly and the content of reducing sugar changed little, the content of Zn,Mg, Cd raised slightly and the content of Ca, Fe raised obviously.

The protein contents in different growth periods of the spinach leaves were assayed, and the dry spinach leaves of high protein contents during growth period were used as the raw material of this experiment.The effects of pH value,extracting temperature,extracting time and the ratio of water in extracting medium were studied. The results showed that pH9.5, extractingtemperature 45℃, extracting time 60min and the ratio of extracting medium to water 1:35 were the optimum extracting conditions of spinach leaf protein; while pH4.0 was the optimum precipitation pH value.

Ultrasonic wave was applied to extraction of polysaccharide from Rhodiola l.The effects of Ultrasonic intensity, ratio of solid and liquid, Ultrasonication time, diameter of material on extraction efficiency was studied.It was found through the orthogonal experiments that the optimum technological conditions was Ultrasonic wave intensity: 675W, time:15min, ratio of material and solove: 1:40, diameter of materal:100mu.extrcation yield was 2.63%.

Protopectinase catalyzes the soluble pectin substance from protopectin and has been extensively utilized in pectin production, single cell food exploration and enzymatic cotton scouring. The factors relate to protopectinase activity and biomasses in flask culture were investigated by one factor experiments. Based on former experiments, the orthogonality test was undertaken to determine the significant factors and optimal levels within pH, inoculation content, rotate speed, the concentration of magnesium and the phosphate buffer factors with four levels respectively .the result showed that culture original pH value, the concentration of phosphate buffer are significant factors and culture original pH value 7.5, inoculation content 10%, MgSO•4 7H2O 0.04%, the concentration of phosphate buffer 0.20mol/L and rotate speed 120r/min can gain the highest protopectinase activity about 16.71U/ml.

The inclusion complex of daidzein with β-cyclodextrin was prepared through the saturated solution method by means of neutralization and characterized by DSC, IR, UV and X-ray analysis respectively. The average inclusion rate of thecomplex was 90.15% and the water-solubility of inclusion complex was greater than that of daidzein.

In this paper, the extraction and microencapsulation technology of tea polyphenols were studied. Results showed:(1)The optimum conditions for tea polyphenols extraction from tea were as follows: extracting with 70% ethyl alcohol at room temperature 3 times and 1.0h each time. (2) The optimum conditions for tea polyphenols microencapsulation with chitosan-alginate sodium system were as follows: 3% alginate(alginate sodium/ tea polyphenols=5:1) 1% chitosan and 3% calcium chloride by one- step mothod to prepare the tea polyphenols’ microencapsule. In vitro release studies, results showed that the microcapsules could realizes ustainedrel easei nt he intestine.

This study is to study the synthesization of polydextrose by using glucose. The result showed that the optimum synthesing technical conditions were 130～140℃ and reaction time 1.5h. The content of polydextrose was higher than 90% in product after purification. The content of glucose residue was less than 2%. The viscosity of the polydextrose solution was a little higher than sucrose solution.

Some works were carried out about the effects of nine Kinds of Chinese Traditional Medicines on biomass and crude exopolysaccharide of Coprinus comatus in submerged fermentation. The result showed: all medicines, except Astrgalus menbranaceus and Polygonatum odoratum, could improve the fermentation of Coprinus comatus and stimulate the secretion of crude exopolysaccharide in a certain dosage. It could be concluded, by adding medicines in different dosages, that when the optimum dosages of Momordica charantia L., Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Lily, Buckwheat, Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and Amorphaphallus konjak were respec- tively 0.5%, and the biomass and crude exopolysaccharide could reach the maximum when Ginseng was added at 1.5%.

A SOD high-yield mutant was filtrated out through UV treatment to protolast of Sacdharomyces cerevisiace. The SOD activity was 720U/g fresh cell. The medium and fermentation condition was studied. It showed that the optimal medium was consisted of 2% glucose, 9%(V/V) malt wort, 1%peptone, 1%yeast extract, CuSO4 75mmol/ml ZnSO4 25mmol/ml. The optimal culture conditions were as follows:initial pH 5.5, medium cubage 75ml/500ml, 15%concentration inoculated and culture time 24h. In this condition,the biomass was 5.39g/100ml, SOD activity was 1024U/g fresh cell and SOD production was 5520U/ 100ml, yield 103% times of original strain.

The apple wine aroma compositions and fermentation efficiency by mixed species culture were investigated in this paper. According to the result of variance analysis, fermentation efficiency was significantly affected by inoculum of Hanseniaspora valbyensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and interaction of inoculum of Hanseniaspora valbyensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using orthogonal experiment. The optimized conditions for high fermentation efficiency were as follows: Hanseniaspora valbyensis (first day)1×102cfu/ml, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (third day)2×106cfu/ml, and (NH4)2SO4 500mg/L, VB1 0.8mg/L. The mixed species cultures fermented under optimized conditions possessed the ideal attributes of both high production of esters and high fermentation efficiency. The total concentration of esters was 1.60 times of that fermented by single Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 31days of fermentation at 15℃, while the total residual sugar was below 4.0 g/L.

A method for leaching and purifying the flavones from Marchantia convoluta was established. The article studied four different solvents to extract flavones from Marchantia convoluta with different concentration, temperature and time. The optimum conditions were: 80 %ethanol at 74℃ extracted for 1 hour. The average yield of flavones from Marchantia convoluta was 1.90 %.

A method for determination of the four metabolites of nitrofuran antibiotics such as 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2- oxazolidinone (AMOZ), semicarbazide (SEM) and 1-aminohydantoin(AHD) in Poultry Tis- sues by LC-MS-MS was developed. Poultry Tissues samples was hydrolyzed with 0.2M HCl, and derivatized at 37℃ for 16h with 2-nitrobenzaldenhyde. The derivatized solutions were adjusted to pH=7.4, and then were cleaned up with LiChrolut EN cartridge, the target compounds were eluted with ethyl acetate and diluted with mobile phase. MS detection was performed in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The standard calibration curve for four kinds of metabolites were obtained through the synchronized operation of using blank Poultry Tissues sample fortification standard and Poultry Tissues samples for a quantitative analysis per the external standard. In the range of fortification concentration of 0.5～5μg/kg, the average recoveries for these four kinds of metabolites fell within 70.2%～89.1%. Limit of detection for AOZ and AMOZ was 0.1μg/kg, limit of detection for SEM and AHD 0.2μg/kg. The relative standard deviation (CV) was between 5.59%～10.10% (n=10).

A method for the determination on total saponins of Momordica charantia L. was established: using MeOH by continuous thermal reflux to extract its total saponins, taking mordicoside A as standard sample, selecting 546nm wavelength and by spectrometric method. The results showed that the Total Saponins accounted for 0.0432% of the dried powder of Momordica charantia L. And the regression equation within the range of the standard sample concentration in 40～200μg was (A=0.0058C-0.1125) with a good linearity (R2=0.9994).The average recovery rate was 102.72% and RSD =3.99%.The method is simple, rapid and accurate and suitable for the quality evaluation of Momordica Charantia L. material and products.

The essential oils of Citrus Grandis were extracted from the outer yellow and inner white peel by water vapour distillation. Among the essential oils, 72 and 16 compounds were identified by the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There were volatile compounds, mainly limonene, accounted for 84.07% in the outer yellow peel, while there were mainly octadecadienoic acid ,hexadecanoic acid, and ethylene oxide heptamer in the inner white peel.

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of four quinolone antimicrobial residues in chicken. Quinolone antimicrobial were extracted with acetonitrile, followed by hexane partitioning. After the solvent was vaporized with a rotary evaporator, Quinolone antimicrobials were analyzed by HPLC-FLD and quantified by external standard method. The liner range was 0.05～1.2μg/ml, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9997～0.9999. The average recoveries of four quinolone antimicrobials in spiked chicken ranged from 78.3% to 101.8%, and the relative standard deviations were between 3.89% and 12.43%. The limit of detection was 0.0037mg/kg for ofloxacin, 0. 0037mg/kg for norfloxacin, 0.0035mg/kg for ciprofloxacin and 0.0022mg/kg for enrofloxacin. The results have indicated that this multiresidues developed were easier, faster. It has also demonstrated that this multiresidue analysis method could meet the requirements for simultaneous determination of many quinolone antimicrobials in chicken.

A spectrophotometry method is established to rapidly determine boric acid in sauce. boric acid in sauce is extracted with 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol-chloroform. Boric react with curcuma forming rose-bule dye.Beel’ law is obeyed in the range of 5～ 500μg/ml with r =0.9997.The repeatability is satisfying.

A new method has been developed for determination of the trace iodine by oxidation-decoloration with Eriochrome black T. The color system had a maximum absorption at 510nm in the medium of sulfuric acid. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0～1.0mg/L of iodine. The relative standard deviation was in the range of 0.24%～0.28%. The recovery was 98.7%～ 103.6%. The method could be used for determination of the trace iodine in salts.

A new kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace nitrites has been developed. The method was based on the catalytic effect of trace nitrites on crystal violet oxidation of potassium periodate in dilute phosphoric acid solution. The detection limit was 0.06μg/L with linear range of 0～4.0μg/L. The method has been applied to the determination of trace nitrites in water samples. The results was in agreement with those provided by Griess method with precision of ≤5.0% RSD (n=6).

The contents of polysaccharide in Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida Suringar. were assayed by phenol-H2SO4 colorimetry. The results were wavelength for measurement was 489nm and converting factor of polysaccharide 2.51; good linearity ranged from 5～80μg/ml,r=0.9998 and average recovery rate of polysaccharide 98.57% with 2.31% of RSD(n=5).The method used in this paper was simple, accurate and stable. It could be used for determination of the polysaccharide in leaves of sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida Suringar.

The novel glucose oxidase electrode based on Prussian Blue(PB)-modified electrode combined with SiO2 sol-gel immobilization has been used to determinate the glucose content in juices and beverages. In this experiment, the BSA electrode made similarly by taking BSA instead of GOD, to be served as the reference electrode, has been employed to study the interference of matrix and interfering species in real sample. The testing results showed that the matrix and interfering species did not produce any observable interference for the assay. The reproducibility was satisfactory and the recovery was found to be in the range of 102.1%～104.2%.

Objective: To establish a HPLC-ECD method for determining four kinds of phenolic acids in five different types of wine respectively. Method: RP-HPLC with Electrochemical assay was used. The phenolic acids were analyzed on hypersil ODS column(250mm×4.0mm,5.0μm) and a gradient elution program was performed with CH3OH-2% HAc as a flow phase. The flow rate was 0.8ml/min. The detection was done at 0.7V and column temperature 30℃. Results: Four kinds of phenolic acids were separated satisfactorily. The sensitivity of detection of phenolic acids with ECD detection was 7～600 times than those obtained with UV detection. Conclusion: A rapid, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of four kinds of phenolic acids was found. This study might provide a scientific basis for the quality control of wine.

The complexing ability between alginate radical (Alg—) and some typical ions such as Pb2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ were determined in the applied research on alginate. The complexing constants and strength relationship were KPb2+(6.4×106)>KCa2+ (4.5×105)>KZn2+(1.11×104)>KMn2+(3.2×102), which indicated that the ability of Alg- complexing with Pb2+ was the strongest while Mn2+ the weakest.

The CaMV35S promoter, NOS terminator, 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene(cp4-EPSPS) and soybean lectin gene were assayed by qualitative PCR, and the CaMV35S promoter countersigned with soybean lectin by aninternal reaction control was detedcted. Comparing the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with agarose gel electrophoresis in the PCR products analysis. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to help improve PCR screen accuracy.

A simple and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of trace arsenic in beverages. The arsenic was fixed on finely divided silica gel as complex with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). The silica gel was collected on a membrane filter by filtration under suction, then washed down by 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid from membrane filter paper and the suspension was directly subjected to the determination by hydridegeneration atomic absorption spectrometry. When n = 6, the standard deviation (SD) of these samples were from 0.01 to 0.08 and recoveries were 94.4 % and 100.5 %, The results were comparatively satisfactory in enrichment in comparison with the other methods.

To understand the toxicological role of sulfite on multiple or even all organs in humans and animals, the damage effects of sulfite on DNA in the cells of various organs (brain, heart, lung, stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, thymus and marrow) from male mice were studied. Using the single cell electrophoresis technique (SCGE, Comet test), 3 groups of 6 mice each received an intraperitoneal (ip) dose of sulfite (125, 250, 500mg/kg body weight, respectively.) per day for 7 days, one negative control group of 6 mice each received ip 200μ l of saline. The results showed that sulfite caused significant increase of tail lengths of nuclear DNA of cells in all organs tested of mice from the SO2-exposed groups in a dose-dependent manner. Combined analysis of these experimental results mentioned, in conclusion that sulfite could cause DNA damage to multiple organs of mice, and become a systemic DNA damaging agent and also a systemic toxic agent, not only to respiratory system.

Anti-oxidation effects of flavonoids from the fruit residues of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.(FFV) on the rats viscera were researched in vitro. The results showed that FFV reduced MDA germination in the liver and kidney in spontaneity or in inducement by the Fe2+-VC、H2O2 restricted restrict H2O2 induced erythrocyte hemolysis or lipids peroxidation in the rat liver, and inhibited oxidation of Fe2+ induced low density lipoprotein (LDL). The FFV reduced MDA level in the liver, brain and kidney and improved the activity of SOD and CAT in the liver and serum.

Objective: To investigate the antioxidation effects of soy isoflavones in mice during an experimental period of 8 weeks. Methods: 60 BALB/C male mice (18～22g , BW) were divided randomly into 4 groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 25,100, 200mg/kg soy isoflavones. Results:The MDA and H2O2 levels in liver were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.01). The GSH-Px and CAT activities of in liver and whole blood were increased obviously (p<0.01). The SOD, T-AOC levels in liver were significantly increased (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggested that soy isoflavones can improve the ability of antioxidation obviously.

The optimum precipitation conditions of Jujube date polysaccharide were obtained as follows:The extracting liquid was concentrated 4 times, adding 4 times volume ethanol and making the final concentration of alcohol 80%. The polysaccharides from jujube Mill could raise the activities of SOD, CAT and decrease the amount of MDA in blood, liver and brain of rats.

In this paper the effect of Hengshun aromatic vinegar condensed (HV), Hengshun aromatic vinegar extract (HVE)and individual Hengshun aromatic vinegar fractions (HF1, HF2, HF3, HF4) on oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied. In addition, effect of HV on oxidatively modified LDL was studied. Before the incubation of LDL with Cu2+, addition of HV, HVE and individual Hengshun aromatic vinegar fractions to the culture could suppress the generation of MDA. LDL was incubated with Cu2+ for 2h, then HV was added to the culture, there were significant differences in MDA content between the groups of addition and control (without HV). The results showed that HV, HVE and individual Hengshun aromatic vinegar fractions could inhibit the oxidative modification of LDL, and HV could block the oxidative reaction of the already oxidatively modified LDL.

Objective:The regulative effects of genistein on vascular active factors, to find its mechanism to suppressed pulmonary hypertension and vascular structural remodeling, were discussed in chronic hypoxic rats. Methods: Male Wistar ratswere randomly divided into control group (C), hypoxia group (H) and hypoxia with genistein group (H+G). Control group of rats was kept in cages exposed to room air. H and (H+G) groups of rats were exposed to 21 days of hypobaric hypoxia(simulate altitude 5000m)for 8h everyday. During their esposure to hypoxia, rats were i.g. administered once a day with solvent or phytoestrogens. The levels of nitric oxide(NO), endothelin (ET-1), prostacyclin (PGI2), 17β-estradiol (E2), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of blood were measured. Results: Genistein could increase NO and PGI2, and decrease ET-1 levels and also be responsible for genistein induced vasodilation. In addition, genistein could increase the activity of SOD and inhibit MDA product. Serum 17β-estradiol levels were not significantly different among rats in three groups. Conclusions: Genistein could suppress SMC proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis and secretion of ET-1 and other SMC proliferation-promoting factors, and enhancing the synthesis and secretion of SMC proliferation-inhibitory factors, such as NO and PGI2. Genistein did not have the side effects, such as feminizing and oncogenic effects, of the estrogens.

Objective To study the effects of different dosages and different molecular weights chitosan on mice swimming time and changes of blood glucose, lactic acid and glycogen content in mice. Methods: The test groups were given chitosan by oral administration. 18 days later, the swimming time, blood glucose and lactic acid were determined. 24 days later, liver and muscle glycogen were assayed. Results: In contrast with the control group, chitosan could prolong the swimming time, speed up the recover of blood glucose, scavenge lactic acid, and increase the liver and muscle glycogen content. At the same time, low molecular weight chitosan displayed better effect than high molecular weight chitsoan of the same dosage. Conclusion: Chitosan had anti-fatigue effects on mice and low molecular weight chitosan exhibited better effect.

Objective: To observe the effect of resveratrol on lipid metabolism and machanism in experimental hyperlipidemia rats. Methods: To feed high fat diet to set up the model of hyperlipidemia rat. The contents of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C , apoA Ⅰ, apoB, AST and ALT level in serum were assaged respectively in hyperlipidemia rat which had been fed resveratrol 30mg/kg bw•d and 70mg/kg bw•d ig for 4 weeks respecfively. In addition, liver lipid, activities of LPL and HL and fecal bile acid were assaged. Results: The TC, TG LDL-c apoB, AST and ALT in serum decreased significantly in the hyperlipidemia rats fed with the resveratrol in comparison with high lipid control group. Resveratrol significantly increased the activity of liver LPL and HL and the excretion of fecal bile acid in hyperlipidemia rats. Moreover, Resveratrol could decrease AI and increase ratioes of HDL-c/TC and apoAI/apoB. Conclusions: Resveratrol inhibited arteriosclerosis by regulation of lipid metabolism in hyper- lipidemiar ats.

Polysaccharides in Enteromorpha with immunity effects were studied in cell culture condition.The results indicated that in proper concentration EP increased the capability of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes proliferation. Although in proper concentration EP had no evident effects on the production of IFN-γand IL-2 induced directly by T lymphocytes, however, it had no significant effects on the production of IFN-γ induced by antigen presenting cells. So, polysaccharides in Enteromorpha had evident immune enhanced activity.

The chemical constituents of Brazilian propolis were determined and its quality and safety were also evaluated. Results indicated that the total polyphenol and flavonoids content in Brazilian propolis was 7.3 %, which is much higher than that mentioned in the national standard. The content of 75% ethanolic extract was 46.07%.The content of protein was 106g/kg. The content of fat was 152g/kg. Fat-soluble vitamins Vitamin A and Vitamin E were 161mg/kg, 1382mg/kg respectively. Meanwhile, 17 kinds of amino acid were identified in Brazilian propolis. 10 fatty acids and 17 microelements were found in Brazilian propolis. However, the pesticide residue was very low. DDT, methamidophos, parathion, benzene hexachloride (BHC) were not detected. And heavy metal mercury (Hg) was not detected, the content of Arsenic (As) was 0.01 mg/kg. These data suggest that Brazilian propolis is nutritional, safe and of high quality. The research gives a solid base to the development of functional foods with Brazilian propolis.

The effect of short time -100kV/m high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment on the post-harvest physiology of cucumber was studied in this paper. The results showed that the weight-losing of cucumber during storage was significantly controlled by short time HVEF treatment. Meanwhile the increase of the relative conductivity of cucumber peel was controlled while there was no significant difference between the respiration of cucumber under HVEF and control, which indicated that the short time HVEF treatment was not suitable to store fruit and vegetable.

A mathematical model is developed to describle the heat transfer occurring during the forced-air pre-cooling process for grapes with long-circular shape in vertical section. The governing equations are solved numerically with finite element method. The temperature field in the grapes at any time, and the cooling process key parameters such as the half cooling time and the seven-eighths cooling time are obtained. The numerical results are validated by the experiments. The cooling process results may well and truly be predicted with the mathematical model.

A coting preservation reagent including nano-SiOx which was covalent bonded with disinfection functional group was manufactured and tried on mango at room tempreture,and compared with the preservation reagent of chitosan and nano- SiOx.The results of the test showed that the physiology and biochemistry variables such as hardness,chlorophyll,saccharide, soluble solid content of the coated mango changed significantly more slowly than those of untreated group.The morbidity rate of the mango treated with covalent bounding nano-SiOx reduced 90.38% and the good-fruit rate was 92.31%.

The effects of hypobaric storage on physiological and biochemical change of Dong jujube were studied. The results showed that hypobaric storage significantly kept vitamin C, TSS, educed alcohol and acetaldehyde, and inhibited ascorbic acid oxidase and PPO activities.

Using mainly peach cultivars from northern production area, the species of pathogenic fungi and their ways of post- harvest rot disease infection on peach were studied. The results showed that eight kinds of pathogenic fungi were isolated from peach in storage period. Reinoculation experiment reflected that the pathogenic capability among different fungi showed great diversity in different conditions. Among the pathogens, Botrytis cinerea was the most pathogenic species, and Cladosporium sp. was weak pathogenic; under normal temperature Rhizopus nigricans and Aspergillus sp. were pathogenic and the infectious period was generally very short; Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria sp would infect peach under both low and high temperature.

The so called functional foods should be capable of providing fundamental physiological benefits, such as preventing or delaying onset of chronic diseases, besides meeting the basic nutritional requirements. Some of the most exciting research in the last decade has been the discovery of a group of nutrients, which have protective effects against cell oxidation. These naturally occurring compounds impart bright colour to fruits and vegetables and act as antioxidants in the body by scavenging harmful free radicals, which are implicated in most degenerative diseases.

With the development of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables industry, people are paying more attention to minimally processed fruits and vegetables, due to their convenience, nutrition and sanitation. However, browning, water loss and decay limite its further development. Microorganism is a key factor for the quality and safety of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. In this review, the source and species of microorganisms in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, the forming of the microbial membrane and the effects of production process on microbial populations are discussed. Moreover, the rapid detection and biological control of microorgan- isms are summarized. To some degree, this may provide a base for the deplopment of fresh-cut fruits and tables theoretically.

The enzymolysis degree of protein from soybean by three enzymes respectively was researched under different conditions.The result showed that Enzyme B had the best enzymolysis effect. The optimum conditions of enzymolysis was : 55℃, 0.1mg/ml and 4h. Then soybean milk was hydrolyzed by Enzyme B at the optimum enzymolysis conditions. The product was mixed with fresh milk with three different proportions respectively, and the optimum fermentation conditions were studied. The results showed that when the product was mixed with fresh milk at the proportion of 1:1, 4% amount of L.bulgaricus and Str.thermophilus(1:1) were inoculated in the mixture, while 8% sucrose and 0.04% concentrated vanilla were added in and the time of primary fermentation was 4h. Thus the soy milk yoghurt had the highest comprehensive evaluation, and its applicational potentialityw as great.

Using milk as the main raw material, a new type of neutral beverage of milk with rich nutrition and wine flavor is developed. As a result of trials by adding liquor rice wine, beer or grope wine respectively, the technical process is assessed with the optimum formula of the beverage with the above-mentioned technology and the optimum factors affecting the body and flavor of the product.

Production of nourishing compound fruit vinegars from the raw material of Carica papaye from Changyang County, Hubei with apple or pineapplejuice of abundant sugar was studied. The result showed: the compound fruit vinegar made from Carica papaye with apples juice was better than the vinegars made from pure Carica papaye and Carica papaye with pineapple juice, both in flavor and taste.