Preparation of protein isolates was one of main methods for deep development and ultilization of wheat germ, while inactivating enzymes and defatting pretreatment commonly adopt firstly. Therefore effects of these processings on physico-chemical and nutritional properties of wheat germ protein isolates were studied in this paper. The results of experiments showed that inactivating enzyme processing made the yield and purity of wheat germ protein isolates decrease, while defatting process-ing made them increase. Furthermore, inactivating enzymes and defatting pretreatment both could improve the in vitro digestibilities and PER values of wheat germ protein isolates. In addition, inactivating enzymes processing could also evidently enhance the BV values of wheat germ protein isolates.

Cinnamon oil is a new natural antifungal essential oil, and its effective compound is cinnamaldehyde. In this study, cinnamaldehyde was used to inhibit A. flavous and to determine the values of UV spectrophotometry and malondialdehyde by different inhibition means. The results preliminary revealed the biochemistry mechanism of cinnamaldehyde inhibition on A. flavous so as to provide the scientific basis for its application on antifungal and antiseptic effects on food. The values of OD260nm, OD280nm and malondialdehyde of A. flavous spore extracting solutions were found increasing in different cinnamaldehyde concentrations and inhibition ways. This indicated that cinnamaldehyde can enter the A. flavous cell by damaging its cell membrane, so as to change its biomacromolecules spatial structures, destroye its ordered metabolism and inhibit the A. flavous growth.

The benefits of animal colostrum to its neonates have been widely documented and more attention has been paid to its benefit to human health. In this study, the changes of composition and Immunoglobulin (Ig) content in milk of Alpine goats 1 week after parturition were investigated. The results showed that the content of protein, total solids and Ig in goat milk decreased sharply 48 h after parturition; The content of fat in first three milk increased and then decreased slowly; The content of lactose fluctuated between 4% and 5%; The content of protein in first three milk of primiparous goats was 16.5%, 10.7% and 6.8%, respectively, higher than those in first three milk of multiparous goats (7.0%, 4.8% and 4.1%); The content of IgG in first two milk of primiparous goats was 59.9 mg/ml and 34.7 mg/ml, and IgM was 6.14 mg/ml and 2.37 mg/ml, respectively, higher than those in first two milk of multiparous goats (IgG was 18.1 mg/ml and 13.9 mg/ml and IgM was 1.95 mg/ml and 0.98 mg/ml, respectively); No significant difference of IgA content in milk of primiparous and multiparous goats was found.

The physico-chemical properties of chitosans have the correlationship with their functional properties. It has proved that chitosan has the potent hypocholesterolemic activity in vivo. In this paper, the effects of degree of deacetylation (DD) and viscosity-average molecular weight (Mv) of chitosan samples on their fat-binding, cholesterol-binding and bile salts-binding capacities were studied in vitro. Nine chitosan samples with different DD and Mv were prepared by chemical methods. The binding capacities of fat, cholesterol and bile salts were determined in the conditions simulating human gastrointestinal tract. The optimal additions of samples for binding assays are 120 mg fat-binding assay and 40 mg bile salts-binding, respectively. The fat-binding capacity ranges from 11～37.4 g fat/g chitosan higher than that of cellulose significantly and it increases with the increase of DD and Mv. The cholesterol-binding capacity does not show the regularity variation with the changes of the DD and Mv, but is affected by the diameter of the granule. The bile salts-binding capacity is 1.75～7.75 mg/g chitosan. The viscosity-average molecular weight affects the binding capacity greatly. Chitosan sample with highest molecular weight shows the best bile salts-binding capacity. The degree of deacetylation seems to have no effect on the bile salts-binding capacity. These results indicated that the physicochemical properties of chitosan affect its binding capacities and hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic activities.

FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3 and Fe(NO3)3 were chosen as acidic oxidants. The oxidation of tea polyphenols together with acidic oxidant was studied. Results showed that tea polyphenols can be oxidized and theaflavins (TFs) are formed under the catalysis of FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3 or Fe(NO3)3 with the highest content of theaflavins produced at 40 mg/ml of acidic oxidant. The oxidative mechanism of tea polyphenols by acidic oxidant was also discussed.

With orthogonal test design, to optimize bolting of medium and culture conditions with co-culture of Panax ginseng and Daucus carota, the saponin contents of Panax ginseng and co-culture were simultaneously compared. The results showed that the callus of the co-culture of Panax ginseng and Daucus carota grow well on the condition of 23 ℃ and 1000 lx with the optimal medium MS+2,4-D 3 mg/L+IBA 2 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L. After 25 d culture, the saponin content of co-culture is 6.25% higher than that of Panax ginseng callus. It settles foundation for protoplast fusion of Panax ginseng and Daucus carota as to obtain trophic vegetables.

This study mainly discussed the quality changes of thermosensitive fresh Kiwi juice by UHP processing with 100～ 500 MPa. The variation of juice color, viscosity, pH value and tannin, total acid, pectin, total VC, protein and soluble solids content were investigated. The treated and untreated juice were compared with each other. The experimental results showed that the treated kiwi can keep the original juice quality, yet the mechanism still need discussing theoretically.

Haw pectin showed much higher viscosity than commercially available lemon pectin. On hydrolysis by purified pecinase, both haw and lemon pectin left the pectinase-resistant fractions (Hf and Lf) in a high molecular weight region. DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography of the resistant fractions showed three peaks (Hf1, 2, 3) for Hf and two peaks (Lf1, 2) for Lf. Acidic fractions Hf3 and Lf3 were structurally similar to each other, but the neutral fractions Hf1 and Lf1 were totally different to constitutional sugar. The structural difference of neutral fractions (Hf1 and Lf1) and presence/absence of acidic fraction corresponding to Hf2 in the pectin molecule might be related to the viscosity of the pectin. Chemical structural analysis by GC and MS showed that the neutral fraction of Hf is an arabinoxyloglucan containing the linkages of Glc(1→3)Xyl and Xyl (1→6)Glc.

The antimicrobial activities of vinegar, vinegar pickled garlic extract and water garlic extract were studied with filter paper and nephelometery method. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect of vinegar is strong on bacteria but weak on fungi. At a low concentration(3.2×10-4), the vinegar solution had no antimicrobial effect on fungi. Both water garlic extract and vinegar pickled garlic extract had strong antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi, and the antimicrobial effects of the vinegar pickled garlic extract was weaker than that of the water garlic extract.

Amylose content and quality are important factors in the formation of resistant starch. As indicated by measuring the amylose content in the following 6 kinds of materials such as early rice starch, kudzuvine root starch, highland barley starch, mung bean starch, broomcorn starch and lotus root starch via alkali-solution decentralization and iodine-absorbency, the amount of resistant starch obtainable is closely related to the amylose content in the materials, and is also affected by the molecule structure and the average degree of polymerization of amylose and amylopectin. Compared with iodine-absorbency, alkali-solution decentralization is superior in measuring the amylose content to prejudge the amount of resistant starch obtainable.

Aim: To find the optimum extraction conditions on volatile oil of Artemisia selengensis by supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2), and the constituents analysis of essential oil. Methods: Using the orthogonal test to study the SFE-CO2 technology on essential oil from Artemisia selengensis, the effects of pressure, temperature, time, and volume of entrainer on the essential oil extracts were studied, and the constituents of essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The essential oils optimum extraction conditions by SFE-CO2 are as follows: pressure 40 MPa, temperature 45 ℃, time 3 h, and 95% ethanol entrainer 1.5 ml/mg. The yield of essential oil at the optium extraction conditions is 3.12%. 45 peaks are separated by GC-MS and 37 peaks identified. The compounds are quantitatively determined by normalization method, and the identified compounds represent the peak area 93.12 %. The main compound is chamazulene, which has many physiological activities. Conclusion: This study provides scientific proof for the further exploitation and utilization of Artemisia selengensis.

The antioxidation activity of D-isoascorbyl caprate, laurate, myristat, palmitate and stearate in fresh rapeseed oil is evaluated by peroxide value (POV) determination. The results showed that the antioxidation activity of different acyl D-isoascorbate is only in proportion to relative content of D-isoascorbic acid fraction in rapeseed oil. For each tested D-isoascorbate, the antioxidation activity exhibits signifcant dose-effect relationship. The antioxidation activity of D-isoascorbyl myristate is better than that of L-ascorbyl myristate,PG and BHT, when their amount is respectively added according to the maximum concentration allowed as food additives in China.

 Anthocyanins are the main pigments of wine, they play important roles in sensory quantity and healthyprotecting effects of wine. The objective of this research was to study the optimal conditions for the purification of anthocyanins from grape. Single-factor and orthogonal tests were adopted to established the optimal conditions for the separation of anthocyanins. The results showed that the optimal conditions are: absorption time 60 min, 5% methanoic acid methanol as eluant, the concentration of antonocyanins solution 1.2 mg/ml, the flow rate of absorption 1.5 BV/h, pH2, and the flow rate of de-adsorption 1.5 BV/h.

 A polysaccharide SCP-B II was obtained from Schisandra chinensis Turcz.Bail.fruits by method of water extraction and ethanol precipitation for protein removal. After DEAE-Cellulose 52 and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, single component SCP-B II was got. The scavenging ability of ·OH and O·2 of SCP-B II were assayed by chemiluminescence. The results showed that SCP-B II have evident abilities of scavenging ·OH and O·2.

With different subspecies of Eremias multiocellata (E.m.yarkandenis, E.m.kozlovi) and their different parts as the research object, total phosphatide contents were assayed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that phosphatide content in E.m.yarkandenis was higher than the E.m.kozlovi, and the phospholipin content of the E.m.yarkandeni tail was obviously higher than that in E.m.yarkandeni body which was cutted tail, phosphatide contents in different parts of E.m.kozlovi were not remarkably different.

Antimicrobial activities of Fructus Corni extracted with ethanol were tested in this study. The results showed that Fructus Corni extracts show strong antibacterial activities. Further more study revealed that the Fructus Corni extract plays a stronger antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli than potassium sorbate. Extract of Fructus Corni was also studied for its stability to temperature, acid ultraviolet or metal ions. The results showed that the extract is very stable to temperature and ultraviolet. After treated with alkaline, the extract showed loss of antibacterial activity when pH passed 7. The metal ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Fe3+) show also little effect on the extract antimicrobial activity.

In this experiment, the effects of the alkaline, enzyme, SDS and Ultrasound starch extraction methods on the structure of japonica rice were studied from these aspects: starch morphology, amylose content, amylopectin molecular weight, distribu-tion of anhydroglucose chains from debranched amylopectin and so on. Then some conclusions were drawn: the effects of SDS and ultrasound extraction on the structure of rice are less than the alkaline isolation, but more than the enzyme isolation; compared with the amylopectin molecular weight of starch isolation by enzyme, the amylopectin molecular weight of starches isolation by alkaline and SDS were lower, and the long B chain content decreased, but the intermediate B, short B and A chain increased.

Objective: To study the polysaccharides extraction technology and antioxidant activity from Gymnema sylvestre. Methods: The content of polysaccharides of Gymnema sylvestre was determined by the method of phenol-sulphate acid. On the basis of single factors tests, the four factors including temperature, time, solid-liquid ratio and the extraction times on the yield of the polysaccharides were studied by orthogonal test design. The salicylic acid method was used to inspect the capability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals of the polysaccharides from Gymnema sylvestre. Results: The results showed that temperature is the most important factor for the extraction percentage of the polysaccharides, and the time unit is the second. The optimal extraction technology conditions are: temperature 100 ℃, extraction time 3 h, solid-liquid ratio 1:15 and extraction times 2 times. The yield of the polysaccharides is 2.21%, and the content of polysaccharides 25.57%. The polysaccharides have good capability to scavenge the hydroxyl radicals, and the scavenging capability is obviously related to the concentrations. The scavenging rate is 50% at the concentration of 3.5 mg/ml, while the scavenging rate is 94.42% at the concentration of 12 mg/ml. Conclusion: This extraction technology can be used for the extraction of the polysaccharides from Gymnema sylvestre. The polysaccharides have good antioxidant activity at a high concentration.

As a new and efficient method, various factors affecting the Maillard reaction in liquid system were studied in a series of experiments. It showed that products having the same excellent emulsifying properties with 80% ethanol reacting system, concentration of reactant is 60%, 50 ℃ during 6 h with 95% ethanol reacting system while the concentration of reactant is 60%, 60 ℃ during 24 h, the emulsifying properties become optimized and could be compared with dry-heating. The covalent attachment of polysaccharides to protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE.

The study was carried out with optimizing mathematic kinetics models for the relationship between the yield and the extraction time during the extraction process of volatile oil from honeycomb. The kinetics models are: ln(0.2768-Dt) =-0.1947t-1.2934(R=0.9997) and ln(⊿Dt/⊿t)=-0.1904tc-2.9325(R=0.9936). The kinetics models are useful for directing and controlling the production process of the high extraction of the volatile oil from honeycomb.

The technology of extracting polysaccharide from garlic with cellulase was studied. The optimum extracting conditions were evaluated at 5% cellulase addition and 1.5 h extraction time with temperature at 50 ℃and pH 5.0. On these bases, the antioxidant activity of garlic polysaccharide as well as garlicin was also assayed. The results showed that the garlic polysaccharide has certain antioxidant activity, which increases with the increase of polysaccharide concentration. Moreover, it was also shown that garlic polysaccharide has higher scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical than those of garlicin at relatively high concentration. Therefore the reductive capability of garlicin is stronger than garlic polysaccharide.

The microwave extraction method of shikimic acid from Illicium verum Hook.f. was studied in this experiment. Optimized the microwave extraction process by orthogonal test in comparison with traditional extraction methods. The crude product was purified with methanol. The melting point of the final product is 186～190 ℃ and its characterization is done with IR.

The use of ultrasonic and circulated process was investigated for extraction of xanthophyll from marigold flower. The technical factors of the xanthophylls extraction from marigold flower were researched. The influence of the following factors on the ultrasonic and circulated extraction yield was discussed: selection of solvent, extraction period, ultrasonic power and the ratio between material and solvent. The results showed that 98% of xanthophyll contents could be achieved when optimal ultrasonic and circulated extraction conditions were 1:70 for ratio of material to liquid, 20 min for ultrasonic time and 800 W for ultrasonic power. Compared with ultrasonic and circulated extraction, the normal quiescent solvent extraction could only achieve 42% of xanthophyll contents.

Selenium-enriched rapeseed protein peptides were prepared by enzyme-hydrolyzing protein isolates. The crude peptide was refined by discoloring with active carbon and desalination. The single factor tests and orthogonal tests have been applied to optimize the conditions of discolouration as follows: active carbon concentration 1.25%, pH3.0, time 60 min and temperature 70 ℃. The effects of desalination are evident and the desalting efficiency is higher than 85%. The refined peptide produced has lower 1500 D average molecular weight.

Extraction, isolation, purification and functional properties of Tremella polysaccharides were studied in the paper. The results showed that the enzymatic extraction method was better than the alkali extraction. The optimal conditions for enzymatic extraction are 1:60 of the sample to water ratio, 0.7% of Citrozyme Cloudy, 50 min of enzymatic hydrolysis and 60 min of extraction. A pure polysaccharides TPP2 can be obtained by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and SephadexG-200 purification of Tremella polysaccharides. TPP2 shows the active capability in scavenging DPPH·. The sample thickness is 55 μg/ml in 50% scavenging rate (IC50).

Peanut vines are rich in flavonoids compounds. Flavonoids in peanut vines were determined by spectrometric metnod with rutin as a standard in this study. Flavonoids from peanut vines of various organs were prepared according to L9(34) orthogonal tests plan. The relationship between extracting conditions and yield of flavonoids extracted form peanut vines was investigated. The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions are: ethanol concentration 60%, temperature of extraction 65 ℃, solid-liquid ratio 1 g:40 ml and uitrasonic wave time 20 min

Based on the primary studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of arabinoxylan in wheat bran, the enzymatic degradation conditions of arabinoxylan were optimized by quadratic regression orthogonal rotary tests. The quadratic orthogo-nal regression model is of arabinoxylan yield (Y) to four factors of temperature (X1), time (X2), the concentration of enzyme (X3) and pH value (X4) and established as Y=12.84921-1.36983X1+0.69076X2+0.75443X3-1.46276X12-0.93773X42. It was concluded from the model that when temperature, time, enzyme concentration and pH value are 60 ℃, 3 h, 0.75% and 5 respectively, the yield (Y) is the maximal (15.28%) and consistent with the confirmatory experiment result.

The fermentation characteristics of Cordyceps sinensis wine with different inocula were assayed. The results showed that the fruit wine fermentation inocula have the optimum technique parameters and fermentation mature conditions of the intensified Cordyceps sinensis-Lycium barbarum wine as determined by the orthogonal test. The results indicated that the optimum conditions are: Saccharomyes cerevisiae 0.8%, fermentation broth 30%, wort 30%, citric acid 0.5%, temperature 26 ℃ and time 5 d, while the maturity conditions are: temperature 18℃ and time 15d. Under these conditions, the Cordyceps sinensis-Lycium barbarum wine is processed through a faster course with better clarity. The product is brighted-red, pure in flavour, rich in body, full of nutrition and bright in style.

This study selected calcium stearoyl lactylate sodium, glucose oxidase, fat enzyme, alpha-amylase as additives to improve the quality of Zhengmai wheat 98 flour. The results showed that the optimum additive amounts of calcium stearoyl lactylate sodium, glucose oxidase, fat enzyme and alpha-amylase respectively are 0.2%, 20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg. Under these amounts, the quality of steamed-bread can be improved.

Extraction technology of pectin from Akebia trifoliate koiaz peels was studied by acid in this study. The optimal extracting technics were: 95～100 ℃, pH1.0, 2.0 h and the ratio of peel materials to water 1:25～1:30. With this way, the extraction rate of extracted and unrefined pectin was up to 11.08%. The decoloring technics were: 0.7～0.9 g active carbons mixed into 100 ml pectin extracting solutions for 35 min about 65 ℃; The optimal precipitant technics were: 5 ml 20% FeCl3 (pH 4.0, adjusted with ammonia water) added into 100 ml pectin extracting solution, and precipitated over 3 h. And the desalting technics were: 2 g pectins put into 150 ml desalting solutions (65% ethanol + 4% hydrochloric + 31% distilled water). After 25 min, pectins were carefully washed with 100% ethanol.

Broken rice was processed by two-step method with alkali and enzymatic hydrolysis for preparing pure rice starch. The results indicated that the optimum process conditions to isolate rice starch and protein respectively by alkali are as follows: pH 11, 40 ℃, ratio of water to flour 8 and 120 min. Alcalase is used to purify rice starch with the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis pH 9, 45 ℃, ratio of enzyme/protein 48 AU/kg and 60 min. Content of protein in rice starch decreases from 2.87% to 0.40%(dry).

The extract from Thymus quinpuecostatus was obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) technique. Suitable technological conditions were obtained. The antioxidation effects of the thyme extract were also investigated in this experiment. The results showed that thyme oil has strong antioxidant actions in soybean oil. And it does not bring any bad effects on soybean oil favor.

Synthesis of ethyl lactate with rectification was designed and optimized by central composite rotable design (CCRD). And predicted values on the contour plots were tested. Results showed that the ethanol/lactic acid ratio was the significant factor for esterification yield, and the interactions between ethanol/lactic acid ratio and cyclohexane/lactic acid ratio, ethanol/lactic acid ratio and heating temperature were less significant. The correlation coefficient of predict values and experiment values was 0.988.The optimum conditions in the experiment rang: ethanol/lactic acid ratio 4:1, cyclohexane/lactic acid ratio 0.8:1, catalyst loading 2%, incubation period 3 h and heating temperature 110 ℃. The esterification yield is 94% under these conditions.

Corn gluten meal(CGM) consists of plenty corn-yellow pigment. However, the extraction of the pigment require a long extraction time. The experiment studied the optimum technology conditions by microwave and enzymolysis from CGM with single factor tests and orthogonal tests. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions are: microwave output power 450 W, microwave radiation time 35 s and the ratio of solid to liquid 1:10 with 95% ethanol, substrate concentration 5%, enzyme density 1.4% and enzymolysis time 6 h.

The lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of soybean oil with caprylic acid to produce structured lipids was investigated. Of the three immobilized lipases tested, lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei resulted in the highest caprylic acid incorporation into the soybean oil. This enzyme was further studied for the effects of enzyme load, substrate ratio, added water content, reaction temperature and time, respectively. The results showed that for 500 mg soybean oil, the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: reaction temperature 40℃, immobilized lipase 472 mg, mole ratio of substrates 6:1(caprylic acid/soybean oil), added water content 9.7μl, and reacting time 24 h. The incorporation of caprylic acid reaches 43%, and the fatty acid contained in the structured lipids is the best..

Referring to the sequences of some promoter, terminator and exotic gene, the primers 35SCP142 and CPNOS165 were designed. Sensitivity has been obviously improved by optimizing the primers which could make the length of amplicon shorten from 170bp to 100bp. Up to 0.01ng exotic gene could be detected in a 25μl volume PCR amplification system. In order to detect the exotic gene in soybean oil, two primers 35SCP318 and 35SCP114 for NEST-PCR (nest polymerase chain reaction) have been designed, with which DNA fragments of exotic gene have been amplified and detected. Accuracy of the new primers also have been estimated by being applied to several kinds of products, including GMOs and NON-GMOs. Verfied by sequencing, new primers namely 35SCP142, CPNOS165 and NEST-PCR primers posses high specificities, and could be used for exotic genes detection.

Yeast β-1,3-glucan was hydrolyzed by the β-1,3-glucanase with Trichoderma strain LE02. The conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were optimized to improve the solubility of amyloses and obtain the maximum water soluble amylose, while the hydrolysate fractions were analyzed by GPC(gel-permeation chromatography). The maximum yield of water soluble β-1,3-glucan is 52% when 20% substrates with 4 U/ml enzyme are incubated at 55 ℃ in pH4.5 buffer for 2 h. The hydrolysates separated through Sephadex G-100 include three fractions: high-molecular-weightpolysaccharides(Fraction I), oligosaccharides (Fraction II), and low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides (Fraction III). The ratio of Fraction I decreases while Fraction III increases rapidly as the β-1,3-glucan was hydrolyzed. The molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysates hydrolyzed for 2 h is analyzed by GPC and over 66.2% fraction is of the molecular weight larger than 30 kD.

This experiment studied the microorganisms flora carefully during Jinhua ham fermentation. The numbers and varieties of microorganisms were assayed regularly, and also the water, salt and pH as well. The rusults showed that microorganism numbers and varieties of Jinhua ham are only a few at the first but increasing under the sunshine and in the internal part quickly to 106 CFU/g after entering the fermentation room. In August the numbers decrease to below 103 CFU/g.The predominant bacteria are Staphylococcus amd Lactobacillus, the predominant yeasts are Candida zeylanoides, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hansenula sydowiorum, Rhodotorula glautinis, and the predominant molds are Penicillium at first, including the P.italicum, P.simplicissimum, and then the Aspergillus including the A.sydowi, A.glaucus, A.flauipes and A.orzye. There is the close relationship between the flavor of Jinhua ham and microorganisms flora.

The dynamic analysis of protease hydrolysis of milk protein in pH naturally changed and controlled conditions was studied and the physico-chemical properties, especially the bitter taste, of hydrolysates with the former method was further investigated to select the right protease for less bitter hydrolysates and the proper hydrolysis technique. The two indexes, degree of hydrolysis and 10% trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen(TCA-SN) content, were used to compare the four kinds of proteolysis in naturally changed pH and controlled conditions. The solubility, viscosity, bitter taste and protein hydrolyzed conditions of the four hydrolysates produced by the pH naturally changed technique were further studied to find their physicochemical properties. The results showed: There is little difference on hydrolysis degree and TCA-SN content between the two techniques; Compared with the milk protein, the hydrolysates show good solubility in acidic condition. Viscosity does not change much with the improvement of concentration. Hydrolysates produced by Novo Neutrase and Papain are the most bitter while by Novo Protamex less bitter. SDS-PAGE showed that the two neutrases mainly hydrolyze milk protein casein. In a word, these four enzymes can be used to hydrolyze milk protein in the naturally changed pH conditions in order to simplify the hydrolyzed process, to give the hydrolysates good properties.

This study focusd on the preparation of low-value fish protein chelating Ca2+ by compound enzymolysis method, and study on the aspects of chelate condition, antioxidation and antibacterial function. The results showed that the peptides of DH 5% have the best chelation effect with Ca2+ with the percent of chelation 81.75%. The chelation between them was explained by chemistry analysis and IR method. The results demonstrated that the iron chelates have stable structure, the deposit in the solution of water has 94 percent antioxidation capability of α-tocopherol, the deposit in the solution of 80% alcohol shows significant inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and the antibacterial diameters are 16 mm and 16 mm respectively. The above research lays a new way to utilize wasterfish and provides the essential information for the enzymatically hydrolyzed waste fish protein chelate.

A plasmin activity producing mold was screened from traditional bean ferment products. The mold is found to be Penicillium curinum Thom by appraisement. The plasmin activity reachs 660 U/g after mutagenesis. The optimized ferment conditions for the mold are: m(wheat bran):m(pea)=1:3, pH 5.5, 0.75 ml water per 1 g materials, MnSO·4H2O 0.25%, (NH4)2SO4 1.4%, innoculation quantity 17.5%, fermentation temperature 30 ℃ and fermentation time 72 h. Under these conditions, the mold plasmin activity is originally 873.76 U/g whereas it is increased to 213 U/g after being optimized.

After being respectively extracted from the sweet-scented osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) by solvent, the main components of the residue materials were compared in four species between extractions with or without enzyme hydrolysis. It was found that the contents of protein, cellulose and amino acids of the enzymolyzed samples were higher, but the contents of saccharides, flavone and ash were less. Comparing the samples with or without enzyme treatment, the oleanolic acid (OA) content in the residue with enzyme hydrolysis increased 21% higher than that without enzymolysis, which greatly improved the utilization value of the residue materials.

 With carbon, nitrogen, pH value and fermentation liquid volume in flask as test factors, producing conditions of pigment by Monascus rubber were optimized by L9(34) orthogonal test. Signal test results showed that corn powder, maltose and starch are the better carbons; NaNO3, soya powder, NH4Cl are the better nitrogen; pH3.8, pH5.4, pH7.0 are the better pH values of substrate; and 100 ml/250 ml, 125 ml/250 ml, 150 ml/250 ml are the better fermentation liquid volumes. Orthogonal test results showed that A3B1C1D3 is the optimum conditions combination for producing Monascus rubber pigments, that is to say, maltose as carbon, soya powder as nitrogen, pH3.8 and 150 ml/250 ml fermentation liquid volume in flask are the optimum conditions.

A kinetic model describing the pathway for the L-cysteine enzymatic synthesis by Pseudomonas sp. strain TS1138 has been developed. In the synthesis pathway, both the L-cysteine synthetase (CS) and the L-cysteine desulfhydrase (CD) were involved with the kinetic model based on Michaelis-Menten type kinetics, and also on noncompetitive inhibition of the CS by L-cysteine. From the determination of intermediates and end products during the process of L-cysteine enzymatic synthesis, with the kinetic model, metabolic control analysis (MCA) of the pathway was carried out. From the kinetic model, the elasticity coefficients and the flux control coefficients were calculated through the pathway. It was found that there is a shift in the flux control from the CS to the CD during the enzymatic reaction.

According to the respective features of the ratio spectra of the guanosine 5’-monophosphate(5’-UMP), inosine 5’-monophosphate(5’-IMP) and uridine 5’-monophosphate(5’-UMP) and taking 5’-UMP as disturbance component, 258, 285, 244 and 280 nm were chosen as the determining wavelengths of the 5’-GMP and 5’-IMP. Taking the 5’-IMP as disturbance component, 211 and 241 nm were chosen as the determining wavelengths of the 5’-UMP. It showed that for the three components good linear correlationships exit as 5’-GMP(0.15～5 mg/100 ml), 5’-IMP(0.2～6 mg/100 ml), 5’-UMP (0.25～4 mg/ 100 ml). The average recoveries are 100.2%, 100.2% and 99.5% respectively. The method is simple and practical with fewer determination wavelengths and powerful spectral resolution and can be performed on a lower level instrument. It is easy to generalize application.

 A new catalytic spectrophotometrin method for the determination of trace amounts of Co(Ⅱ) has been developed. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Cobalt(Ⅱ)on oxidation of acid chrome blue K by potassium periodate with aminoacetic acid as an activator and cationic surfactant of cetyl pyridine bromide(CPB) as a sensitizer. The optimum conditions of reaction and kinetic parameters were assayed. On the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range is 0～100μg/L, and the detection limit is 9.06×10-7 g/L. The sensitivity is increased by 12 times in the absence of the surfactant and activetor. The method can be used for the determination of cobalt(Ⅱ) in tea and Vitamin B12 samples with satisfactory results.

The analytical study of Arsenic in sauce was introduced by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Digestions were carried out in PTFE(Teflon)closed vessels with HNO3 and H2O2. The details of treatment of samples and working parameters of the instrument were described. The matrix effect was corrected by the in-line addition of internal standards, and the mass number interference was amended by applying the correction equation. Satisfactory linearity of working curve is obtained with the correlation coefficient 0.9999. Detection limit of Arsenic element is found at 0.001 mg/kg. CV (n = 6)in the range of 1.2 %～3.3 % and recoveries from 78.4% to 93.1% were obtained in its application for the assay of sauce samples. Comparing the results obtained in this paper by using ICP-MS with those by the national standard method atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS), it can be concluded that the ICP-MS method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and can be applied to determine Arsenic in sauce samples.

The off-flavour compounds of irradiated bread were detected with a combinated method of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) methodology. The effects of irradiation on producing off-flavor compounds of bread with different improved treatments were also investigated. Results showed that the main volatile com-pounds of irradiated bread are 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-benzene, ethyl octanonate, hexanal, 2-pentyl-furan, etc. In all these components, the kinds and the contents of aromatic hydro-carbon, aldehydes, alkyls and alkenes increased significantly. Their mutual effects were likely to be responsible for the off-flavour of the irradiated bread. With the reduction of irradiation dosage, the contents of main off-flavour compounds decrease markedly, but the effects of other improved treatments are insignificant.

In acetic acid buffer and SCN-medium, while copper(Ⅱ) reacts with micro ascorbic acid to form CuSCN precipitate, the spectra of CuSCN have shown specific resonance. Based on this phenomenon, the relationship between the intensity of resonance scattering and the concentration of ascorbic acid was studied. Hence a new method was proposed for the determination of ascorbic acid by resonance scattering. The linear range of the determination is 0.25～1.25μg/ml, and the detection limit is 0.25 ng/ml. The method has been applied successfully for the analysis of ascorbic acid in the vitamin C tablet and drink.

To determine the content of ascorbic acid in vegetables with the constant current coulometry method, dead-stop method was used for the detection of end point of the coulometric titration. The results of detection are identical with the method of international standard. This method is simple, rapid and sensitive in comparison with the international method, especially the detection of dark samples.

The monomeric and oligomeric proanthocyanidin fractions were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MASS assay. The polymeric proanthocyanidins were fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograph and their chemical constitution were also studied by acid-catalysed degradation in the presence of benzyl mercaptan. Four monomers were identified as catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin. Eight dimers including three dimeric procyanidins, one dimeric prodelphinidin and four mixed dimers were detected and their structures were partly elucidated by the detection of the pseudomolecular ions and main ion fragmentations. The results also showed that the polymers are highly heterogenous, with catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin all being constituent components of both the extension as well as the terminal units. The extension units are mainly gallocatechin, whereas terminal units are mainly gallocatechin and epigallocatechin for all fractions. The polymeric fractions with mDP 9.1, 13.2 and 17.0 represent the three major polymeric fractions accountingfor 74.7% of total polymers.

The MSPD-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous isolation and detection of four tetracyclines(oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline)in rabbit muscle was developed. Blank samples and tetracyclines fortified rabbit muscle samples were ground with C18 filler in half solid state to pack the column, drip with washing, and determine by HPLC. In the method, the mobile phase is 0.01 mol/L oxalic acid and acetonitrile (85:15) with gradient elution, the flow rate 1.0 ml/min, with the detection wavelength 365 nm, and the injection volume 50μl. The limit of quantitation is 0.05μg/g. Overall recoveries are between 68.9% and 103.1%. The RSD ranges from1.2% to 21.8%. The results showed that the method is sensitive, accurate, convenient with low examination limits, which can be used to detect simultaneously the 4 tetracyclines residues in animal products.

Simultaneous distillation-extractor was used for extracting the volatile substances of Capsella bursa-pastoris L.. The content of the volatile oil is 0.106%, 17 chemical components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified compounds are up to 95.02% of the total volatile substances. (Z) -3-Hexen -1-ol (43.12%),(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, acetate(14.36%), dimethyl trisulfide(9.77%), acetic acid, 1-methylethyl ester(7.08%), 1-hexanol (2.57%), pentadecane (2.37%), isopropyl alcohol(2.21%), 3-methylheptyl acetate(1.98%), dimethyl sulfone(1.85%), hexanal, 4,4-dimethyl-(1.48%) and butylated hydroxytoluene (1.42%) are the major concentrations of the volatile components.

Objective: To establish chromatographic fingerprint of Safflor Yellow by HPLC in order to control it quality. Methods: The gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation and data were analyzed to develop HPLC fingerprint analysis of Safflor Yellow. Results: Samples from different habitats are of high similarity, and the fingerprint is repeatable. Conclusion: The HPLC fingerprint can be used in quality assessment of Safflor Yellow.

The fatty acids of fruit cucumber and dry cucumber were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, 11 fatty acids were separated and identified by GC-MS. The major fatty acids are 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (15.88%) and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (35.77%) for fruit cucumber and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (15.41%) and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (24.24%) for dry cucumber.

High performance liquid chromatogram was used to determine the amino acids contains in Zizyphus jujuba of Ruoqiang, Hami and Hena Xinzhen species. The extract contains 18 kinds of amino acids. Atomic absorption photometry assay was used to determine mineral elements(Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Fe, Ni, Co, K, Na, Mg)in the extract of Zizyphus jujuba. Through analysis of variance, there is no significant difference on the amino acid, microelements and macroelements contents of the three species of Zizyphus jujuba.

A method for the simultaneous release determination of hollowware Arsenic and Antimony in contact with food by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The optimal instrument conditions were established. The method is accurate, convenient and rapid. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits are 0.003 μg/L and 0.030μg/L respectively. The relative standard deviations are 1.3% and 2.2%, and the recoveries are in the ranges of 94.0%～102.5% and 94.0%～102.8% for As and Sb respectively.

 To quickly establish reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method to determine residues of Minocycline in the milk, the gradient elution method was developed. Minocycline was separated on a sunfire C18 column (250mm×4.6mm, 5μm i.d.) with methanol-acetonitrile-0.01mol/L oxalic acid at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detecting at the 355 nm within 8 min. The results showed that the method under the gradient elution is more sensitive and quicker with lower detection limit than that of the isocratic elution. The detection limit is 20μg/kg for Minocycline. The standard curve is obtained in the concentration range of 0.02～1.0μg/ml with the average recovery 99%. The lowest detection limit is 0.02μg/ml. The method established is simple, special, sensitive and reliable. It can be used to detect the residue of Minocycline and the pharmacokinctic parameters of Minocycline in milk.

Several methods were adopted to study the antioxidation capability of red rose pigment and the conclusions were: red rose pigment has strong antioxidation capability to lard, and the effects show a direct relationship with the agents added amount. The nitric acid and asorbic acid also contribute to the antioxidation capability of red rose pigment. It shows also good capability to remove·OH and O2·, with the increase of concentration of red rose pigment also evidenced by chemiluminescence assay.

Both salvianic acid B and rosmarinicacid are water-soluble hydroxybenzene acids. They are all highly valued as medicine. 3mmol/L carbamide were added into the mobile phase(methanol:1% formic acid =40:60) to get hold of more pure salvianic acid B(omit) and rosmarinicacid. They were detected at 280 nm with the peak of rosmarinicacid much better than before(There was no carbamide in the mobile phase). We supposed that rosmarinicacid had a kind of coordination with carbamide in the mobile phase and this coordination made the structure of rosmarinicacid different from before. So this detection method seems better. The method is simple for characterizing, purifing and determinating salvianic acid B and rosmarinicacid.

objective: To set up a method for determination trigonelline in pumpkin powder by HPLC. Method: Pumpkin powder sample was extracted with methanol ultrasonic, Zorbax-NH2(4.6×150 mm, 5μm) column was used with mobile phase as acetonitrile-water (80:20,V:V). The flow rate was 1ml/min and detection wavelength was set at UV 265 nm. Result: The calibration curve is linear in the range of 5.01～101.4μg/ml, with the correlation coefficient 0.9999(n=5); the RSD 0.31(n=5) in the precision test, the average recovery rate 85.26% and RSD 4.4%(n=6). The contents of trigonelline in the three kinds of thirty samples are 0.1219～0.4836 mg/g. Conclusion: The method can provide scientific indexes for developing the functional compo-nent and selecting breed of pumpkin.

Study on fresh ginger and dry ginger essential oils extracted by steam distillation, and the compounds of essential oils were assayed with combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the extracted ratio of fresh ginger and dry ginger essential oil is 0.29% and 2.51% respectively, while the extracted ratio of dry substance was 7.7% and 2.8% respectively. 57 compounds are identified in the essential oils of fresh ginger and dry ginger by GC-MS. There are 2 compounds in fresh ginger and 12 compounds in dry ginger not found among them. The relative contents higher than 3% are found in 8 compounds. By sensory analysis, the color and aroma of essential oil in fresh ginger are better than those in the dry ginger.

 An optimum detecting method in vivo was constructed for evaluating antioxidant ability of functional food. A proper condition was selected by investigating several factors as follows: given modes of hydroxyl radicals trapping agent(salicylic acid), measurement of trapping time period, sensitive drug responded tissue, extraction method of a variety tissue samples, and HPLC separation condition. The experiment was carried out in healthy mice age>10 months. The mice were divided randomly into 2 groups, 10～15 mice for each group. Fed one group with functional food, and the other as control. After 50 days of oral administration for functional food, salicylic acid was injected into the mice tail vein. 60 minutes later, animals were decapitated and liver was rapidly dissected. Hydroxyl free radical level was quantified by measuring the hydroxylation products. 2,3-and 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acids (DHBA)formed as a result of the reaction between· OH and salicylate. Then, DHBA and salicylate concentrations were determined using RP-HPLC with UV detection. Compared data from the 2 groups, to determine the antioxidant ability of the functional food. In addition, experiment of oral administration of vitamin C in mice proved the feasibility of this method.

Objective: Study on the effects of Paederia scandens extracts (PSE) on blood glucose, blood lipid in ICR diabetic mice. Methods: Diabetic models were induced by giving hyperglucose, hyperlipid and the i.v. injection of strepotozotocin (STZ) in ICR mice, and were divided into different groups which were given 2.6, 1.3 g/kg PSE, metformin or normal water respectively. Blood glucose, TG, CHO, HDL-C, LDL-C and food, water intake and body weight were respectively tested. Results: After 30d drug administration, symptoms of diabetic mice fed PSE were alleviated obviously. PSE can decrease food intake of diabetic mice, and increase their body weight. High dose of PSE lowered the level of blood glucose by 7.6% and two doses of PSE lowered the levels of TG, and increase the level of HDL-C, especially the high dose PSE lowered the TG by 24.67%. Conclusion: PSE can have the hypoglycemic effect to some extent and alleviate the diabetic symptoms on diabetic mice.

Oral glucose tolerances and blood insulin levels of diabetic rats were observed after the intake of sucrose or starch with green tea extract. The inhibitory activities of green tea extract against alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) were then assayed by colorimetric method, while the glucose uptake into brush border membrane vehicles was determined by rapid filtration method. The results showed that the green tea extract significantly improves the glucose tolerance after sucrose or starch intake in diabetic rats. Green tea extract administration showed that the potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value is 0.13 g/L; but the inhibition effect of green tea extract on alpha-amylase is rather low, with the inhibitory activity about 21% at the concentration of 1 g/L. Green tea extract also significantly decreases glucose transport potency of brush border membrane vehicle of rabbit small intestine with IC50 value as 3.5 g/L. It is suggested that the green tea in general, would inhibit carbohydrate digestion and absorption into small intestine, so as to be physiologically useful for suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia.

Studied the efficacy of ethanol extracts and alkalescent chloroform extracts of potentilla on glucose metabolisme of L6 skeletal muscle cells. The results showed that both ethanol extracts and alkalescent chloroform extracts of potentilla have the ability to enhance the glucose metabolism of L6 skeletal muscle cells. Besides, the alkalescent chloroform extracts indicateed a better efficacity, moreover, this efficacity and the concentration have a positive relativity. In addition, the product of metabolism of the alkalescent chloroform extracts in vitro also indicateed a telling efficacity that enhance the glucose metabolism of L6 skeletal muscle cells and this efficacity has few dispacity with the one of extracts itself.

This study was conducted on the chemical composition and microbial index of Jiangyue donkey milk obtained from Xinjiang Province. The results showed that donkey milk contained total solids 9.50%, protein 1.52%, fat 1.18%, lactose 6.39% and ash 0.38% on average and was more similar to human milk than other animal milk. The count of total bacterial, bacterial endospores, lactic acid bacteria, S.aureus and coliforms was found to be 4.17, 2.40, 3.30, 2.83 and 1.18 lg CFU/ml, respectively.

Objective: To explore the effect of brewing bifidobeer on immuniological function of mice. Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups: the purified water control group, the ordinary beer control group and three brewing bifidobeer groups(drunk the purified water containing brewing bifidobeer 25,50,100 ml/kg bw). The weight of thymus and spleen, the phagocytic capability of celiac macrophage, the level of serolysin and the degree of cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity of mice were evaluated. Result: The phagocytic capability of celiac macrophage, the level of serolysin and the degree of cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity of high dose and medium dosage brewing bifidobeer groups increased significantly compared with control groups. Conclusion: Brewing bifidobeer can enhance the immuniological function of mice.

Objective: To study the hypocholesterolemic effects of rice and soybean protein isolate on estrogen deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia in ovariectomized rats. Methods: 24 Wistar femal rats were divided into four groups. Three groups were double ovariectomized and fed the diets containing rice and soybean protein isolates as two experimental groups with 20% casein as control. The other group was sham-overiectomized and fed the diets containing 20% casein as control. All rats were dissected afer 4 weeks of feeding to assay concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerides in serum and liver and fecal excretion of bile acids and apparent protein digestibility. Results: Concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerides in serum and liver are significantly increased in OVX rats. Concentrations of serum total cholesterols, LDL and cholesterol are significantly lower in soybean isolate feed group than in casein feed group(p<0.05), but triacylglycerides are effected with no significant difference. Liver weight, liver total lipids, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and total triacylglycerides are also significantly decreased. However, fecal excretion and fecal excretion of bile acids are being increased and apparent protein digestibility of soybean protein isolate group is higher than that of casein and rice protein isolate groups. Rice protein isolate group has no apparent effect on decreasing serum lipids, but liver total lipids, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and triacylglycerides of rice protein isolate group are significantly lower than those of casein group. But fecal excretion, fecal excretion of bile acids and apparent protein digestibility of rice protein isolate group has no apparent difference with casein group. Conclusions: Resistant protein may significantly decreasethe serum cholesterol concentration in estrogen deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia rats, because the hypocholesterolemic effect of resistant protein appears to be interfered with bile acids metabolism and fecal excretion increase in the intestinal pool.

To study the recuperative effects of pickles on serum lipid level in hyperlipidemia rats. 32 male SD rats were divided into 4 groups: normal diet group as control, high fat group, low pickle dosage group and high twice pickle dasage group. Rats of normal diet group as control were fed with normal diet+normal saline(10 ml/kg bw) one time one day respectively, rats of high fat model group were given a gastric perfusion of intralipid (15 ml/kg bw)and a astric perfusion of normal saline(10 ml/ kg bw); rats of high pickle dosage group were given a astric perfusion of pickle (10ml/kg bw) and a gastric perfusion of intralipid (15 ml/kg bw); rats of low dosage pickle group were given a astric perfusion of pickle (10ml/kg bw) and a gastric perfusion of intralipid (10 ml/kg bw). After 10 days and 20 days, the serum lipid level of TC, TG and HDL-C detected. Results showed that Compared with the high fat model group, the TC, TG level of rats of two pickle groups were declined significantly (p<0.05); and only the HDL-C level of rats of high pickle dosage group increased significantly (p<0.05). Gastric perfusion of pickle may reduce serum lipid level.

 Objective: To analyze the edibility of Huaishan fresh yam (Dioscorea opposita Tbunb.). Method: Three varieties of yam Guihuai No.2, Guihuai No.5 and Guihuai No.6 were used as test materials. Taste and safety of fresh yam were evaluated by analyzing the contents of major nutrients, heavy metals and pesticides and the toxicity as well. Result: Yam has rich nutional components, including 17.09% starch, 2.61% protein, 5.38% soluble sugar and 1.68% gross amount of amino acids specifically 18 amino acids among which there are essential amino acids required by human beings. The contents of Fe, Zn and Cu are 3.9, 3.12, 1.59 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of heavy metals and pesticides in yam are found agreed with the technical criteria of vegetables. Eating fresh yam could be accepted by different tested populations. Conclusion: Fresh yam has rich nutrition value and is suitable for fresh food use with safety.

The minimally processed (MP) lotus root fresh-cut was treated with different intensities of the alternating magnetic field. The sensible appearance, activity of PPO, content of reducing give sugar, content of VC and pH were respectively evaluated. The results showed that the MP lotus roots processed with 1.2A/m intensity of magnetic field had the best effects. The sensible appearance is also the best. Its activity of PPO is restricted remarkably better than the control, and its losses of reducing sugar, VC and pH are much less than the control.

To indicate that Pyola calliantha extracts could restrain penicillium and root mildew, etc activities. Pyola calliantha extracts were added in coating solution to freat fresh strawberry. Some indexs were assayed during cold storage. The results suggested that this treatment can sustain the content of soluble solid substance, VC and titratable acid and cut down the weight loss. The microbial growth of treated fruit is inhibited, so the decay of treated strawberry is much less than the control, and shelf life is prolonged.

By means of three different artificial picking-way, namely tree picking, net picking and natural dropping. Different mechanical stress effects were discussed on business quality and postharvest olives physiology. The results showed that after suffering mechanical stress, during storage, the fruit weight loss rate and the soluble solid content show some linear increase, while the cell membrane permeability also increases. Since both the quantities of vitamin C and organic acid decrease, with water content descending, respiration rate quickly enhancing, and PPO, POD and CAT activities increasing, the fruits decrepitude progress accelerating. Hence gently handling will decrease mechanical stress and be important to extend the life span and improve the commodity quality.

This study investigated the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and the optimized effects of storage temperature and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on this pathogen. Results showed that lower temperature and MAP both inhibite the growth of L.monocytogenes, and the latter is better. The chilled pork is kept in the range of 0～4 ℃, and MAP of high CO2 concentration is introduced to inhibit the proliferation of L.monocytogenes effectually.

This experiment studied the effects of exogenous ethylene of different concentrations(10～20μl/L, 50～80μl/L) on the quality of" Bayuecui"peach fruit during CA storage(9%～11% CO2+9%～11% O2)and then 3 days shelf-life at 20 ℃. The results showed that the treatments with exogenous ethylene could make peach fruit softening normally, however, the firmness of peach fruit which were stored in controlled atmosphere without exogenous ethylene and in low temperature appeared harden, and lost the ability of normal softening even at 20 ℃ at the late period of storage. The treatments with exogenous ethylene promoted the increasing of membrane permeability of peach fruit during storage and shelf-life. Exogenous ethylene increased the total sugar content of peach fruit in the late period of storage, but did not affect the total sugar content obviously at 20 ℃ for 3 days. The treatments of exogenous ethylene accelerated the decreasing of titratable acids content in the middle stage of storage, while slowed down the rapid decreasing of titratable acid content during the shelf-life. The above results indicated that the effects of exogenous ethylene on the quality of peach fruit stored in controlled atmosphere manifested in the middle and late period of storage. Considering the comprehensive effects of different ethylene concentrations on all quality of peach fruit, we believed the treatment with 50～80μl/L exogenous ethylene has better effection.

Objective: Under condition of cold storage, to evaluate the effects of SMP on foods sensory and nutritional quality. Method: Six kinds of vegetables were refrigerated in three boxes separately. Box A was sealed with polyethene sheet, while box B was covered by a board with SMP sheet, and box C covered with a board with humidity adjusting function. After cooling for 5 or 10 days, sensory indexes of vegetable outlook, touches, smells, fondness and edible degree were scored by six practical lab gourmets. Contents of vitamin C, B2 and carotene were respectively assayed. Results: After refrigeration, moisture content and sensory quality score in vegetables of box B are significantly higher than those in vegetables of box A and box C(p<0.05), although sensory quality score is time dependently decreased(p<0.01). The results of vitamin analysis showed that the loss of vitamin C after refrigeration is mostly affected by vegetable species and storage time. Interaction between time and species is significant (p<0.01). However, the difference in other vitamins losses among 3 boxes is not significant. Conclusion: It was shown that SMP may have potential effect on improvement of food sensory quality, but no effect of vitamins protection from loss is observed.

The quality changes of almond oil were studied in this paper. The acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, refractive index and color index of almond oil at three different temperatures of 3 ℃, 20 ℃, 60 ℃ were measured respectively every other day for 40 days. The results showed that the stability of almond oil is affected by environmental temperature. The higher the temperature gets, the faster the quality changes. Both the peroxide value and the acid value have an increasing trend, while the iodine value, refractive index and color index decrease with time.

Glucosinolates are a group of plant secondary metabolites found exclusively in dicotyledonous plants, which will release isothiocyanates in the presence of myrosinase to play a very important role in cancer defense mechanisms. Much effort has been made on the improvement of the content and degradation of glucosinolate (GS), which is very important for the potential healthy effects on human. During the process of food preparation, much degradation occurrs. Different process affects much the GS content and products of glucosinolate. In this article, the enzymic, thermal and intestinal degradations of glucosinolates were reviewed.

Hericium erinaceus is valuable for both pharmacopoeia and edibility. Polysaccharides of Hericium erinaceus have been isolated from fruit-bodies or mycelium or fermented liquor by many researchers recently. Researches in medicine and pharmacology have proved that polysaccharides of Hericium erinaceus have certain therapeutical effects on improving immunity, restraining cancer and senescence, reducing blood sugar, and so on. In this review, the methods of extraction, isolation and purification were reviewed and the latest research development of composition, structural analysis, biological activity and development prospect of polysaccharides isolated from Hericium erinaceus were elaborated also.

The antioxidant properties of the essential oil from spices are reviewed in this paper. This contains the origin and development of the antioxidants, antioxidant affecting factors, existing problems and future research direction. The antioxidant effects and affecting factors and existing problems are particularly emphasized in order to help the application of spice antioxidants in food industry.

 The contents of Alicyclobacillus spp. are the main flavor affecting indexes of juice, for their bad flavor effects on juice taste, so they have become increasingly concerned in the international community. Their metabolites, hazards, contamination routes were analyzed in this paper, and controlling methods were also introduced in this paper, ①the Alicyclobacillus spp. are currently controlled by raw materials selection, washing, molecular filtration and high-temperature sterilization. ②ClO2, nisin and enterocin etc. are proved to have a good sterilization effect, but not to be applied on industrial production. And 3 non-heat sterilization technologies such as irradiation, pulsed electric field or ultrasonic wave sterilization have broad prospects, but have to be further studied before application.

 The metal speciation analysis is a hot research field. In the review, the analytical methods of metal speciation home and abroad, including chemical method, membrane filtering, ion-exchange-resin method, electrochemistry method, chromatogram method and capillary electrophoresis, are summarized, and their applications in food determination are especially introduced.

 Food safety is a hot topic concerned by all stakeholders, has a significant effect on consumer’s health and international trade. The pesticide residues are more concerned by consumer, carrying out exposure estimate for pesticide residue from dietary is most important for food safety and quality control in China. The relationship between MRLs(maximum residue limits) and ADI(acceptable of daily intake) was discussed in this paper. The model of exposure estimate and cumulative exposure were also illuminated, and some advices were given for pesticide residues exposure from dietary.

In this paper, the research and application of sub-critical water extraction(SWE) to extraction of essential oils are summarized in recent years, mainly including the research on the principle, devices and the effects of experimental parameters. Compared with the conventional methods used in extraction of essential oils, the SWE method is better than any other methods in terms of efficiency, rapidity, the yield, cleanliness and easiness in separating the composition of the extraction. As a new extraction technology, the SWE is important to the modernization of traditional chinese medicine.

The drink was produced by processing aloe and milk. The yogurt was fermented by rice-wine in the drink. Based on the individual factor text and orthogonal text and sensual evaluation design result, the optimum compositions and precriptions were determined. Thus a kind of yogurt drink with idiographic flavor and rich nutrition were produced. The results showed: inoculation-count of rice-wine7%, yogurt 30%, juice of aloe 15%, sugar 15% and complex stabilizer 0.2%.