To optimize the process conditions for the solvent extraction of polyphenols from the flower of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) grown in Xinjiang, the effects of solvent type, extraction duration and temperature, and material/liquid ratio on polyphenol yield were studied by single factor and orthogonal array design experiments. The optimal extraction process for polyphenols from pomegranate flower was found to be based on the extraction with 20-fold volume of 60% aqueous ethanol solution at 50 ℃ for 1 h, which gave 44.20% crude polyphenol yield and 46.19% product purity, 20.42% pure polyphenol yield as calculated by multiplying them. The method is easy to operate, low-cost and highly efficient, thereby being suitable for the massive industrial production of polyphenols.

The key conditions for extracting total flavones from the branches and leaves of Sabina pingii var. wilsonii with aqueous ethanol solution under the assistance of ultrasound, including ultrasound treatment time, ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, and extraction times, were optimized by combined single factor and orthogonal array design methods. The optimal conditions for improved extraction of total flavones were determined as follows: 70 min ultrasound treatment repeated twice for extracting the raw material with 10-fold volume (mL/g) of 75% aqueous ethanol solution. The maximum yield of total flavones was 5.29% under the optimized conditions.

Activated carbon powder was used for the adsorptive decolorization of the enzymatically prepared fructooligosaccharide solution in our laboratory, and the effects of the dosage of activated carbon as well as decolorization temperature and time on decolorization rate and fructooligosaccharide loss rate were studied. On the basis of single factor experiments, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the above three conditions. Their optimal levels were found to be: 22 g/L activated carbon dosage used for 30 min decolorization at 60 ℃. Under these conditions, the rate of decolorization of fructooligosaccharides solution was 79.16%.

The effects of seasoning formula and processing parameters on the sensory and textural quality of Huangzhou Dongpo pork, a famous traditional dish in Hubei province, were investigated by using sensory panel evaluation and texture profile analysis (TPA) based on the use of a TA-XT2 type texture analyzer. Soy sauce amount and stewing time had a significant effect (P＜ 0.05) on the sensory characteristics of Dongpo pork. Stewing time and the amounts of added rice wine, sugar and salt were significantly (or even exceedingly significantly) negatively correlated with multiple texture parameters. The texture profile of the fat meat was substantially affected by stewing time, but little affected by the amounts of soy sauce and rice wine. The amounts of water and salt were the factors having little effect on the texture profile of the pork skin, but soy sauce amount and stewing time had a substantial effect, and soy sauce amount had a significant effect on its springiness (P ＜0.05). The texture profile of the lean meat was substantially affected by stewing time and salt amount.

In the present study, food-grade tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP) and 731 type anion exchange resin were selected out of 11 kinds of adsorbents as better ones towards fluoride in the infusion of traditional Tibetan Bian tea. To prepare lowfluoride Bian tea cream, equilibrium and kinetic studies of fluoride from Bian tea infusion with a fluoride of 7.18 mg/L were made, and the technological conditions of TCP adsorption for reducing fluoride were optimized by orthogonal array design method. Meanwhile, the Bian tea cream prepared based on optimized fluoride reduction process was evaluated for its sensory quality. TCP was found to have stronger ability to adsorb fluoride at high temperature, with a saturated adsorption quantity of over 10.63 mg/g. The best process parameters for TCP adsorption towards fluoride were as follows: tea infusion temperature 100 ℃; TCP loading 0.7 g/100 mL; and adsorption time 20 min, and the resulting removal rate of fluoride from Bian tea infusion was up to 95.80%. After the reduction of fluoride, concentration was done to obtain a low-fluoride tea cream. The product exhibited a fluoride content of 66.52 mg/kg, 94.80% lower than that of the control (directly concentrated without fluoride reduction), and its redilution had the characteristics of brilliant red color, strong stale flavor, and pure and mild taste.

In this study, the process conditions for extracting polysaccharides from yacon fruits with the assistance of ultrasound were optimized by single factor and orthogonal array design methods. The optimal extraction process conditions were determined as follows: ultrasound power, 80 W; extraction temperature, 50 ℃; and material/liquid ratio, 1:30 (g/mL) for an extraction duration of 15 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of polysaccharides from yacon fruits was 53.3%. The decreasing order of importance of the four process conditions affecting polysaccharide extraction was extraction duration, extraction temperature, ultrasound power and material/liquid ratio. The crude polysaccharides obtained had strong hydroxyl free radical scavenging effect, with an IC50 of 1.82 mg/mL, which was more than 20-fold increased after protein removal, revealing an IC50 of 0.085 mg/mL.

Some enzymes produced during mold fermentation degrade the tissue structures of the residue left after the extraction of starch from Pueraria lobata tubers to facilitate total flavonoids extraction. On the basis of the fact, the development of a method for the extraction of total flavonoids from the residue left after starch extraction using mold fermentation and subsequent ultrasonic treatment was presented in this work. Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii were separately cultured in Pueraria lobata tuber residue to degrade its tissue structures, and Aspergillus niger was the selected strain according to the release of total flavonoids. The parameters affecting Aspergillus niger fermentation, including oxygen condition, soybean meal amount in the fermentation medium, initial fermentation pH and fermentation temperature were investigated by single factor experiments. Additionally, the combined method was compared with sole Aspergillus niger fermentation and sole ultrasonic treatment. The best Aspergillus niger fermentation process was that Pueraria lobata tuber residue suspended in 20-fold volume of water with the addition of 1.0 g of soybean meal, which was adjusted to pH 5, was inoculated with 5% Aspergillus niger seed culture for 60h fermentation at 30 ℃, and the resulting concentration of total flavonoids in the fermentation broth was determined by HPLC to be 3.769μg/mL, which was increased to 5.204 μ g/mL after 5 min ultrasonic treatment. Subsequently, separation and distillation were sequentially done to obtain a crude product with a total flavonoids content of 2.974 mg/g.

The objective of this study was to develop a macroporous resin adsorption method for separating and purifying aucubin in Eucommia ulmoides seed meal extracted into 80% aqueous ethanol solution. Twelve kinds of macroporous resins were compared for differences in their adsorption and desorption performances towards aucubin, and the results indicated that macroporous resins SIPI-7, HZ-820 and S-8 had better abilities to adsorb and desorb aucubin, among which, HZ-820 was considered to be the best resin due to the highest desorption rate. The optimal conditions for the adsorption and desorption of HZ-820 were found to be: sample loading, 0.5 g/g (weight ratio of Eucommia ulmoides seed meal extracted to HZ-820 resin); desorpion solvent, 50% aqueous ethanol solution containing 3% acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The high aucubin eluate fractions obtained under such conditions were pooled, condensed and recrystallized into a considerable amount of product containing 96.82% of aucubin.

Recently, β-cyclodextrin inclusion has become a popular strategy to improve the stability of lycopene. In this study, lycopene was prepared into lycopene/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by means of ultrasonic treatment. The preparation process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal array design experiments, in which the effects of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic treatment time and the molar ratio of lycopene to β-cyclodextrin on inclusion rate were explored, and the lycopene/ β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prepared were subjected to stability evaluation. The optimal inclusion conditions determined were as follows: ultrasonic power, 250 W; ultrasonic treatment time, 25 min; and the molar ratio of lycopene to β-cyclodextrin, 1:150. A maximum inclusion rate of 73.6% was achieved under these conditions. The included lycopene exhibited a retention rate of 92.2% in 60 d. This study suggests that the preparation of lycopene/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes under the assistance of ultrasonic seems to be a promising method for improving the stability of lycopene.

This paper presents an optimized extraction process for gastric mucin from porcine gastric mucosa with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. A series of single factor experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of material/liquid ratio, hydrochloric acid concentration, extraction temperature and length of extraction time on gastric mucin yield, and the four process conditions were optimized by quadratic orthogonal rotary combination design based on this. The optimal process conditions for the extraction of gastric mucin were determined as follows: liquid/material ratio, 0.61:1 (mL/g); hydrochloric acid concentration, 5.4%; extraction temperature, 44.9 ℃; and extraction duration 2.0 h. Under these conditions, the yield of gastric mucin was 3.74%, and the product obtained contained 8.7% of total nitrogen and 26.3% of reducing substances and met the quality requirements stipulated by the Ministerial Standards of Chemical Medicine. Thus, the optimized extraction process is feasible for the preparation of gastric mucin.

Lutein microcapsules were prepared sequentially by emulsification, homogenization and spray-drying using lutein crystal as the core material and octenylsuccinate starch in combination with sucrose as the wall material in this study. The processing technology was optimized by single factor and orthogonal array design experiments. The weight percentage of sucrose occupying the compound wall material of 10%, compound wall material concentration of 0.15g/mL, core material/wall material weight ratio of 1:15, the weight ratio of emulsifier to wall material of 0.6%, homogenization number with colloid miller of 2, feeding speed of 400 mL/h, air inlet temperature of 160 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ were found optimal, and the product obtained under these conditions presented 92.35% microencapsulation efficiency, 90.27% yield and good quality.

The extract rich in vanilla, which was prepared by Soxhelt extraction, was treated with β-glucosidase to increase vanillin content, and the treatment conditions were investigated. On the basis of single factor experiments, the process optimization for the enzymolysis process of the extract was performed using uniform design coupled with partial least square regression analysis. The analytical method used for the determination of vanilla was HPLC, and data processing was carried out using DPS software. The optimal enzymolysis conditions were determined to be: reaction temperature of 45 ℃, reaction time of 24 h, stirring speed of 150 r/min, and material/liquid ratio of 1:6. After β-glucosidase treatment under the optimized conditions, the theoretical amount of vanilla in 20 g of the extract was 1.531 g, with a relative error of smaller than 10% when compared to the experimental amount.

The process of polysaccharide extraction from Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link) Clint was investigated in this study. The effects of extraction number and temperature, length of extraction time, and material/liquid ratio on polysaccharide yield were explored, and the optimization of the four process conciliations was achieved by orthogonal array design method based on single factor experiments. Extraction temperature was found to have the most important effect on polysaccharide yield, sequentially followed by material/liquid ratio, extraction number and length of extraction time. The optimal extraction process for polysaccharides was Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link) Clint was extracted three times for 2 h each time with a 20-fold volume of water in 80 ℃ water bath, and the resulting yield of crude water-soluble polysaccharides was approximately 7%. The purification of the crude product obtained was performed by using tannic acid and activated carbon together, and as a result, its purity was increased to 75.63%.

In this study, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) followed by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate and purify flavonoid monomers from the crude ethyl acetate extract from Diospyros kaki leaves. Meanwhile, the flavonoid monomers obtained were preliminarily identified by color development reaction and further structurally characterized by UV spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The HSCCC separation of flavonoids was achieved by using a solvent system composed of ethylacetate, methanol and water (5:1:5, V/V) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and setting the rotational speed at 850 r/min with a detection wavelength set at 254 nm. For further separation, the separated fractions were then applied to preparative HPLC, and 4 flavonoid compounds, named A-Ⅱ, A-Ⅲ, B-Ⅱ and B-Ⅲ, were obtained. A-II and A-III might be quercetin flavonoids, and B-Ⅱ and B-Ⅲ might be kaemoferol.

The objective of this study was the optimization of edible film coating treatment for reducing oil uptake in deepfried grass carp fish blocks. The effects of different film coating agents (CMC-Na, Arabic gum and sodium alginate), the time point of film coating agent addition, the concentrations of CMC-Na and sodium alginate (added separately) and the ratio of CMC-Na to sodium alginate when added together at 1% in total on oil uptake were probed. In comparison with the control (without the addition of any film coating agent), CMC-Na, Arabic gum and sodium alginate were all able to significantly (P ＜0.05) inhibit oil uptake in deep-fried fish blocks, showing inhibition rates of 21.33%, 16.97% and 9.99% when added at 2% level, respectively. Optimum reduction of oil uptake was obtained when the above films were separately used in the coating processing. Oil uptake was best inhibited by combined use of CMC-Na and sodium alginate at a mixing ratio of 1:2, which showed an inhibition rate of 34.54% at a total addition concentration of 1%.

Objective: The optimization of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Robinia pseudoacacia L.flowers under ultrasound assistance was achieved by response surface methodology to maximize phenolic extraction yield. Methods: On the basis of single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken central composite design (CCD) involving four variables at three levels was utilized to set up a quadratic polynomial regression equation for phenolic extraction yield as function of extraction temperature, ultrasound power, length of ultrasound treatment time and material/liquid ratio, and the pairwise interactive effects of the above four variables on their function were investigated by response surface analysis. Results: The optimum conditions for extracting phenolic compounds from Robinia pseudoacacia L.flowers were found to be: 36 min ultrasound treatment at 110 W power for extracting the raw material with a 20-fold volume of 60% aqueous ethanol solution at 35 ℃. Under these optimum conditions, the yield of polyphenols was 7.891%.

In this study, the process for preparing acetylated acid modified waxy corn starch from waxy corn starch by acetic anhydride acetylation under the catalysis of sodium hydroxide and subsequent hydrochloric acid hydrolysis, in which anhydrous sodium sulfate was first added to starch milk as a swelling inhibitor, was studied. Meanwhile, the modified starch prepared was functionally characterized. Waxy corn starch had been modified by hydrochloric acid was acetylated by acetic anhydride to explore the effects of the acetylation reaction conditions, including temperature, time, pH, acetic anhydride loading, and anhydrous sodium sulfate loading, on starch substitute degree. Additionally, the effect of the sequential order of acetylation and acidic hydrolysis on starch substitute degree and fluidity was evaluated when the reaction conditions of acidic hydrolysis and acetylation were both kept unchanged, and the results showed no effect. The above reaction conditions were all found to affect the preparation of acetylated acid modified waxy corn starch. The optimum conditions for the acetylation of hydrochloric acidmodified waxy corn starch with acetic anhydride were determined as follows: reaction at 25 ℃, pH 8.5 for 50 min under the catalysis of 1.5% anhydrous sodium sulfate. After the optimized acetylation, hydrochloric acid-modified waxy corn starch showed an increase in both transparency and freeze-thaw stability, which was positively correlated with substitute degree. Starch retrogradation, however, was not affected by acetylation.

A process for the preparation of morin from Xinjiang black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) tree branch using organic solvent extraction and polyamide resin column chromatographic purification is presented in this paper. Thin layer chromatography and HPLC were integratively used for the qualitative analysis of morin. The 95% ethanol extract from black mulberry tree branch was reextracted separately with ethyl acetate and chloroform, and the thin layer chromatographic results showed that morin was present in the ethyl acetate phase rather than the chloroform phase. High-purity morin was obtained after twice purification on polyamide resin column, which displayed excellent characteristic adsorption at 370 nm wavelength. Thus, polyamide resin is a promising material for the purification of flavonoid, like morin.

Polysaccharide in fresh longan pulp was extracted with the assistance of enzymatic hydrolysis. Cellulase gave relatively higher polysaccharide yield than pectinase and neutral protease, and was chosen for further study. The effects of cellulase concentration, the ratio of water to material, and extraction temperature and time on the yield of polysaccharide was investigated by single factor experiments. Subsequently, a quadratic regression rotational combinational design involving the above four factors at five levels was employed, and data obtained were analyzed with response surface methodology. Polysaccharide yield was most significantly affected by cellulase concentration, followed by extraction time, temperature and water-tomaterial ratio. An optimum polysaccharide yield of (12.23 ± 0.15) mg/g (on the basis of dried longan biomass weight) was obtained when longan pulp was treated with 1.2% cellulase at 45.0 ℃ for 187.0 min in a water-to-material ratio of 6:1, which was much higher than that obtained by conventional hot extraction.

Objective: The development of an optimal process for the microwave-assisted extraction of saponins from the whole plant of Alteman theraphiloxeroides (Mart.) Griseb (APG) in presented in this paper. Methods: Microwave was used for the extraction of saponins with aqueous methanol solution as an assistant approach, and process optimization was achieved by single factor and orthogonal array design experiments. The quantitative analysis of saponins was performed using oleanolic acid as a reference substance, which showed maximum adsorption at 570 nm wavelength, with a calibration equation of Y = 1.904C ＋0.0054 (r = 0.9990). Results: The optimum process conditions for the extraction of saponins were 20 s microwave treatment at 640 W power for intermittently extracting with a 20-fold volume of 20% aqueous solution for 4 times. Conclusion: The developed extraction process is easy to operate and reliable.

The fruit pigment of Pyracantha fortuneana was extracted into aqueous ethanol solution, and the residue was then hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to obtain pectin existing in the supernatant. Orthogonal array designs L9(33) and L9(34) were used to optimize the extraction processes for pigment and pectin. The optimum conditions for pigment extraction were as follows: extraction temperature 90 ℃; extraction time 2 h; and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:20 (m/V), which gave a crude pigment yield of 25.31%, and those for pectin extraction were as follows: extraction temperature 90 ℃; extraction time 2.5 h; initial pH 1.5; and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:25 (m/V), under which a pectin yield of 4.72% was achieved. The two processes are of low-cost equipment investment and simplicity, thereby being suitable for massive production.

The residue of Rana amurensis Boulenger after oil extraction was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease to extract collagen into the supernatant. The effects of initial hydrolysis pH, enzyme loading, and hydrolysis temperature and time on collagen yield were investigated by single factor experiments and response surface methodology. The optimum values of the four conditions for improved collagen extraction were determined as follows: initial hydrolysis pH 10; enzyme loading 1.5%; hydrolysis temperature 50 ℃; and hydrolysis time 2.5 h. Under the optimized conditions, a collagen yield of 55.38% was attained, with a product purity of 64.15%.

Objective: The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for polysaccharides from the residue of Allium mongolicum Regel seeds after the oil of extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was optimized using response surface methodology. Methods: On the basis of single factor experiments, a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken central composite design (CCD) was utilized for mathematical modeling for polysaccharide yield as a response to extraction temperature and time as well as material/water ratio, followed by response surface analysis of the relationship between the function and the three variables. Results: The optimum conditions for the extraction of Allium mongolicum Regel seed polysaccharides were as follows: water/ material ratio, 48.0:1; ultrasonic power, 300 W; extraction temperature, 73.1 ℃; extraction time, 1.6 h; and extraction number, 2. Under such conditions, the model-predicted and experimental values of polysaccharide yield were 7.59% and 7.47%, respectively, revealing 1.58% relative error between them. Conclusion: Ultrasonic treatment can substantially shorten the time required for polysaccharide extraction, and the developed extraction process is simple, reliable and highly efficient.

The objective of this study was the optimization of the extraction process for total polyphenols from the tree branch bark of Xinjiang black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) by response surface methodology. Based on single factor experiments, a threefactor, three-level Box-Behnken central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface analysis (RSM) was employed to probe the effects of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and length of extraction time on the yield of total polyphenols. It was found that the best extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 78%; and liquid/material ratio, 30:1 (mL/g) for an extraction duration of 240 min at 70 ℃, and that a maximum total polyphenol yield of 0.793% under such conditions. The extraction process proves stable and reliable and is applicable for the production of polyphenols.

Total saponins from Hetian-jade jujube were extracted by an orthogonal array design and determined by color development reaction with vanillin and perchloric acid. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 70% of ethanol concentration, 1:12 of ratio of raw material to liquid, and 30 min of extraction time. The content of total saponins in the crude extract obtained under the above conditions was 9.358 mg/g. A convenient and quick process has been presented for the extraction of total saponins from Hetian-jade jujube.

The optimal conditions for total flavonoids extraction from Punica granatum L. peel were studied by orthogonal array design and their abilities to scavenge nitrite and inhibit nitrosamines were tested spectrophotometrically. A maximum extraction yield of 84.8 mg flavonoids/g peel was obtained when a 60-fold volume of 60% aqueous ethanol solution was utilized to extract Punica granatum L. peel for 40 min with the assistance of sonication at 150 mA electric current intensity, and the crude extract exhibited a maximum sodium nitrite scavenging rate of 81.2% and a maximum block rate of 67.0% against the synthesis of nitrosamines, suggesting a strong ability to inhibit nitrosation.

Two types of macroporous resins, D101 and AB-8, were comparatively studied for their static adsorption and desorption performances towards sea asparagus flavonoids, and AB-8 was the selected resin for the separation and purification of the crude ethanol extract (rich in flavonoids) from sea asparagus prepared with microwave assistance. The optimum process for the adsorption of sea asparagus flavonoids onto AB-8 was that the crude extract was adjusted to a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL at pH 6 before loading at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The flowing of 75% ethanol aqueous solution through AB-8 column at a rate of 2 mL/min was found optimum for the desorption of sea asparagus flavonoids, resulting in a desorption rate of 85.25%. The adsorption/desorption process is ease to operate and displays a good separation effect, thereby being suitable for the industrial separation and purification of sea asparagus flavonoids.

Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE) technique was utilized to simultaneously extract the essential oil compounds and pigments in Xuefeng tangerine peel. To maximize the yield of crude extract from tangerine peel, the process conditions for the pilot-scale extraction of Xuefeng tangerine peel were optimized by orthogonal array design method. The optimum pilot-scale extraction conditions were determined as follows: CO2 flow rate of 21.27 L/min for an extraction duration of 1 h at 30 MPa, 40 ℃, which yielded 4.56% of crude extract (pigments plus essential oil). The crude extract obtained under these conditions was separated with a separalory funnel, and the oil phase was then centrifugated at 12000 r/min for 10 min to harvest the upper phase, which was analyzed by GC-MS for its volatile composition. A total of 21 volatile compounds were detected in the analyte, and the prominent compounds were D-limonene, α-farnesene, calarene, β-elemene, β-pinene, and so on and the total content of D-limonene and α-farnesene exceeded 90%.

In the present study, four different types of proteases were utilized to hydrolyze germ protein of wheat grown in Heilongjiang (prepared by alkaline extraction and subsequent acid precipitation) in different ways, i.e., single-enzyme hydrolysis as well as one-step and stepwise double-enzyme hydrolysis. After the completion of hydrolysis, degree of hydrolysis and DPPH radical scavenging activity were measured to comparatively study the relationship between hydrolysis way and free radical scavenging effect of wheat germ protein hydrolysate. Among four proteases, alkaline protease hydrolysis resulted in a hydrolysate with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (the scavenging rate was 39.74%) when used separately. As for double-enzyme way, stepwise hydrolysis was superior to one-step hydrolysis, and sequential hydrolysis with alkaline protease followed by papain was the best way for improved DPPH radical scavenging activity of wheat germ protein hydrolysate, reaching 45.36%.

To optimize the process for flavnonoids extraction from Fructus Cannabis, a series of single-factor experiments were made to investigate the effects of extraction solvent type, ethanol concentration, extraction duration and temperature, liquid-tosolid ratio ratio and the degree of pulverization of the raw material on flavnonoids yield, and based on this, a 19-run response surface design involving 5 of the above 6 factors at 3 levels was generated by the Design-Expert software according to the central composite design principle and experimental data obtained were subjected to quadratic regression analysis to create a mathematical model describing flavnonoids extraction. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be: ethanol concentration of 70% and liquid-to-solid ratio of 35:1 for an extraction duration of 2.5 h at 75 ℃. Under these conditions, the yield of flavonoids was 17.80 mg/g.

Objective: The optimal process for total flavonoids extraction from Xinjiang propolis was determined, and the flavonoid composition of Xinjiang propolis was analyzed. Methods: Combined single factor and orthogonal array design methods were used to optimize the process conditions for total flavonoids extraction. The quantitative analysis of flavonoids was performed spectrometrically at 502 nm using rutin as a reference substance. Flavonoid composition analysis was achieved by using GC-MS. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were using a 9-fold volume of 95% ethanol as an extraction solvent for the 48 h extraction of the raw material at 50 ℃. Under these conditions, the extraction efficiency of total flavonoids was 10.82%. Conclusion: The extraction process and the analytical method are both reliable and simple, which can provide useful approaches for the extraction and exploitation of total flavonoids from Xinjiang propolis.