Glucoamylase is a kind of extracellular enzyme of Rhizopus oryzae induced in amylum culture medium. Its expression has a great impact on the production efficiency of L-lactic acid and the length of L-lactic acid batch fermentation cycle by Rhizopus oryzae. Purification and characterization of glucoamylase from Rhizopus oryzae were carried out in this dissertation. The results indicated that ammonium sulphate fractional precipitation, dialysis and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration could purify the glucoamylase from the extract of Rhizopus oryzae and increase its specific activity by 23 times. The SDS-PAGE showed that the purified enzyme was a homogeneous protein with molecular weight around 75.5kD. The optimum reaction pH value and temperature was about 4.0～6.0 and 40～50℃, respectively. It was stable under 50℃. The glucoamylase was activated by Ca 2+ and Mn2+,but inhibited by Pb2+ and Fe2+.

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein and has various biological functions. The activity effects of casein phosphopeptides(CPPs), xylitol, vitamin C and isomaltooligosaccharide(IMO-500) on lactoferrin against were studied in this E.coli paper. The study revealed some phenomena affecting inhihition casein phosphopeptides(CPPs), xylitol, vitamin C and Isomaltooligosaccharide(IMO-500) on lactoferrin inhibition of E.coli by comparing changes of minimum inhibit concentration (MIC) of lactoferrin to E.coli with and without those materials. The study showed that xylitol and VC could enhance the activity of lactoferrin to inhibit E.coli, while CPPs and isomaltooligosaccharide(IMO-500) could reduce the activity of lactoferrin to inhibit . E.coli

Effect of transglutaminase (TGase) and four non-meat proteins (NMP)(including soy protein, casein, egg white and whey protein concentrate) on hardness and yield of chicken sausage with two factors factorial experiment design were studied in this paper. Results showed that four NMPs could increase yield of chicken sausage significantly (p<0.01), while TGase had no influence on it and there was no interactions between TGase and NMPs. TGase increased sausage hardness significantly and had interaction with NMPs (p<0.05).Soy protein and casein increased hardness, and on the contrary, egg white and whey protein concentrate decreased hardness, respectively (p<0.05).

Effect of extraction condition on the recovery rate and Ca 2+ -ATPase activity of actomyosin was investigated. The result suggested that the recovery rate and Ca 2+ -ATPase activity were high respectively after water-washing one time and buffer- washing three times. Both of them decreased with increasing extraction temperature. The activity hardly changed below 20℃, but it obviously went down while extraction temperature was over 20℃. Extraction time had significant influence on the activity, and also centrifugal velocity on the recovery rate. And the optimal time was 20 hours and centrifugal velocity 8000r/ min, respectively. Under the extraction condition that had been optimal, the recovery rate of actomyosin was 12.57% and Ca 2+ - ATPase activity reached 60.62U/g.

In order to study the effects of Fe concentration on growth and fatty acid composition in microalgae, a marine diatom, 3+ Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was cultured in batch with varied Fe concentrations. Its growth and fatty acid composition were 3+ examined. The results showed that P. tricornutum showed poor growth and the specific growth rate was 0.40/d in the medium with 0.5μmol/L Fe3+. However, the fatty acids of C and C18:3(n-6) accounted for highest percentages of total fatty acids, and 18:2(n-6) C20:5(n-3)(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) occupied lowest proportion. Fe 3+ overdose (>24.5μmol/L) inhibited the algal growth, but the proportions of EPA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in total fatty acids achieved the highest maximum. Lower EPA and PUFAs contents based on dry mass of P. tricornutum were associated with higher Fe3+ levels.

The adsorption and desorption of the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. with macroporous resin is studied. The results show that resin X-5 has higher adsorption capacity, at pH3.0, which adsorption capacity is 37.15mg/ml resin; Eluting with 95% ethanol from X-5 resin, the pigment can be gotten more than 97.78% of that all. The pigment producted by this method is purple power, and its colour value is 36.7.

Extraction conditions of zizyphus pigment were discussed and the optimum extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal test. The results of orthogonal test showed that the optimum extracting conditions were: temperature was under 80℃, ultrasonic extracting time 30 minutes and the proportion of materials 1:16.The effects of different conditions such as light, pH, H2O2 and Na2SO3 on the stability properties of pigment were also discussed.

Peanut protein isolates hydrolysates were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase and Neutrase, and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the enzymatic hydrolysates were investigated at different hydrolysis times. The unhydrolysed protein showed no inhibitory activity. Hydrolysates generated with Neutrase displayed very low ACE inhibitory activity, while those obtained with Alcalase exhibited high inhibitory activity. The highest ACE inhibitory activity with the IC value of 0.56 mg protein/ml was found in the hydrolysate obtained with Alcalase at 30 min of 50 hydrolysis time. These results indicated that the peanut protein was a good protein source of ACE inhibitory peptides when hydrolyzed with the protease Alcalase. The peanut protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase might be utilized for physi- ologically functional foods with antihypertensive activity.

The α-glucosidase was immobilized on chitosan with a novel coupling reagent-tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP). The optimum condition of immobilization was investigated, and the results showed that: the quantity of chitosan, THP, and α-glucosidase(0.1U/ml) was 70mg,250mg, and 1μl respectively; the pretreated chitosan could sieve into a particle size of 120 mesh and it’s deacetylation was 93%; synthesis of chitosan-THP was achieved in 8 min;synthesis THP and chitosan-THP must be completed in 1h without N protection, the coupling reaction between α-glucosidase and chitosan-THP was done in 2 the condition of pH6.0 for 2h; all the immobilization process was accomplished in room temperature except the coupling reaction between α-glucosidase and chitosan-THP at 5℃. The experiment showed that the activity of the immobilized α- glucosidase was 0.229(absorbance at 400nm), 9 times than the activity of the immobilized one used glutaraldehyde as coupling reagent, and it’s immobilization yield was 41.2%; in addition, the stability of immobilized α-glucosidase for enduring pH changing, organic solvent, heat, and long-time storing was much better than the nature one’s and the stable of immobilized one’s with glutaraldehyde as coupling reagent.

In the paper, characters of polyphenol oxidase from Morchella esculenta were studied, including effect of temperature and pH on activity of PPO, heat stability and reaction kinetics used pyrocatechol as its substrate. The results show that MEPPO is stable relatively below 60℃, the optimum temperature and pH of MEPPO are 50℃ and 7.0 respectively, the maximum velocity of MEPPO reaction V is 0.02 ΔA/min, and the Michaelis constant is 0.00588. max

Effects of different neutral salts, urea and propylene glycol on texture properties of soy protein isolate gels were studied. The results were as follows: When the concentrations of neutral salts were low(≤0.1mol/L), the electrostatic charge neutralization of these salts significantly affected the texture properties of protein gels. When the salt concentrations were increasing, the effects of anions of these salts on molecule conformation stability and hydrophobic interaction of proteins would mainly affect the gel texture properties. Hydrogen bonding was also a major physical force affecting gel texture as testified by urea and propylene glycol.

This paper estimated the stability of peanut milk through mechanism study from three different ways before and after sterilization. Through the rate of centrifugal sedimentation and the rate of fatty float, several macroscopical ways were used to judge the stability of peanut milk emulsion. Through microscopical photographs to estimate the stability of peanut milk from microcosmic way. The pH, viscosity and conductibility were used to help judge the stability of peanut milk emulsion.

The structures of pomelo peel cells during extraction of natural pigment with microwave irradiation and conventional heating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photo- graphs showed that mechanism of microwave solid-liquid extraction was different from that of conventional heating extraction. According to these photographs, electroporation mechanism of cell wall was put forward.

To study the relation between antibiotic resistance and plasmids for Bifidobacteria, experiments as below were conducted. With Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as the control bacterium, the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 10 strains of adhesive Bifidobacteria were tested by the agar diffusion method. Twelve groups of antibiotics, thirty-eight kinds in total, are involved in the testing. Also the plasmids of the strains tested were extracted by using the alkaline lysis method. The results showed, the same strain exhibited accordant sensibility to the antibiotics of the same group; different strains tested shared great coincidence to the same group of drugs. Nearly all of them were resistant to penicillin group, quinoline group, aminoglycoside group and peptide group, while showing sensitivity to cephalosporin group, macrolide group, sulphonamide group, chloram- phenicol and clindamycin. There were also differences existed between the strains of different origins. Analysis of the plasmid DNA from 10 strains of Bifidobacteria, revealed that the number of plasmid DNA was only one for strain H-3, and that the size of the isolated plasmid DNA was in the range of 5148bps to 21226bps,with no plasmids DNA found in the other Bifidobacterial strains tested.

The agar-decomposing strain AT-22 was isolated and selected from some species of red algae( Gelidium amansii) in the coastal water of Qingdao,and presumptively classified within the genus Pseudomonas. Its growing and enzymeology properties were studied primarily. The results show that the agarase produced by AT-22 is an inducible enzyme, and the enzyme producing ability will be restrained by addition of 0.2% Glucose in culture medium. The optimal pH is at 6.0～7.0 and temperature 40℃, the optimal concentration of substrate is 1.0%～1.2%,addition of Ca2+ will greatly promote the enzyme activity,whereas Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ cause inhibition.

The object of this paper was to investigate suspended stability and oxidative stability of beverage prepared from microencapsulated algal oil. Results showed that optimum suspended stability and fluidity of beverage were obtained with 0.25% mixed agar and guar gum(1:3). Hydrophobic microencapsulated algal oil gave higher oxidative stability than water-soluble microencapsulated algal oil and emulsified algal oil in beverage.

The hydrolysis of oils and fats is a reaction of two different phase. So it is the essential factor to produce more free radicals, such as•O, •OH, •O2H, to the reaction. From the results of this research, we can get the following conclusion: 95% hydrolysis rate can be reached for the coconut oil reaction system. The conditions for reaction are: frequency, 20kHz; current of energy transfer,0.52A;quantity of CTAB added, 40% of oil phase; reaction time, 50min. Under this condition, the reaction system exhibit properties like microemulsion. The reaction time and efficiency are improved greatly by contrast to normal hydrolysis methods.

Hot alkaline method was used to extract glycogen from oyster. After purification, the glycogen free of protein was obtained. Gel filtration chromatography (GFC) on Sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose 2B showed that the molecular weight of oyster glycogen was in the range of 10 . The gas chromatography (GC) results showed oyster glycogen was a homogeneous 6 ～107 polysaccharide and glucose was its monosaccharide composition.

The properties of Starch Sodium Dodecenyl Succinate (SSDS), such as the retrogradation, emulsion stability, freeze- thaw stability and the granule microphtograph were studied. By the means of Rapid Visco Analyser the viscosity characteristic of Starch Sodium Dodecenyl Succinate was investigated. The results indicated that the structure and the paste property of SSDS were different from those of the maize starch, and SSDS showed fine properties of lower retrogradation, better emulsion stability, but the freeze-thaw stability of SSDS was worse than maize starch.

The influence of Stachyose to microorganism in pasteurized milk, milk powder and yogurt was studied, the result shows as follows: The microbiological criteria of pasteurized milk has not obviously changed when stachyose content doesn’t exceed 1%; The microbiological criteria of milk powder has not obviously changed when stachyose content doesn’t exceed 3%; The the number of lactic acid bacteria of yogurt has not obviously changed when stachyose content doesn’t exceed 0.5‰.

Cosine similarity is a good reflection of vector’s similarity, and it also reflect the variations of vector’s elements. Using cosine similarity as a scale of clustering could better tell how many variations contained in the vectors and could find some eigenvectors to substitute all vectors in evaluation. The eigenvectors found by clustering could be used in regression. This article described a means of dynamically clustering with Cosine Similarity, forty-nine rice samples’ infrared spectra had been used to test the means of clustering, and 9 independent clusters were identified.

To screen natural anthocyanin applied as stable and safe additive in food industry, total 50 samples were collected from some cultivated crops and wild plant resources distributing in mountains in Beijing and Hebei province. The anthocyanin samples were extracted from different organs, the stability was evaluated according to colour duration in acidic solution with pH 1.0～4.5 in a half to one year. Eventually 5 germplasms[Ruby-Cabbage(Brassica oleracea), Hollyhock(Althaea. rosea), Barberry (Berrberis. thunbergil var.atropurea chenault.), Siberian larkspur(Delphinium grandiflorum L.), Ladybells(Adenophora elata Nannf.)] with high stability were obtained, which can be used as potential food additives.

Effects of water and ethanol extracts of 11 Chinese medicines were studied on the biomass and the polysaccharides production of Cordyceps sinensis by submerged culture.The results showed: water extracts of all the 11 Chinese medicines can improve the production of the biomass of Cordyceps sinensis except Cyathula officinalis, Polygonatum sibiricum and Dioscorea opposite, and the increasing scope in 0.007～0.94 times, water extracts of all the 11 Chinese medicines can improve the production of the Cordycepic exopolysa-ccharide,and the increasing scope in 0.09～0.88 times; Ethanol extracts of all the 8 Chinese medicines can also increase the production of the biomass of Cordyceps sinensis except Cyathula officinalis, Dendrobium nobile and Astragalus membranaceus which can check the growth of Cordyceps sinensis, and the increasing scope in 0.16～0.67 times. Except Dioscorea opposite and Astragalus membranaceus, ethanol extracts of the other 5 Chinese medicines can improve the production of the Cordycepic exopolysa-ccharide and the increasing scope in 0.03～0.73 times.Compared the resuls, the optium dosage of Angelica sinensis, Codonopsis pilosula, Lycium barbarum and Cyathula officinalis were tested,the three former in 150g/L and the latter in 50g/L. In the condition, the biomass of Cordyceps sinensis reached 26.13, 22.14, 23.55, 15.83g/L and the production of the Cordycepic exopolysa-ccharide reached 7160.2, 7580.3, 6830.5, 6583.6g/L respectively. All of the 11 Chinese medicines extracts can stimulate the production of the Cordycepic inrta-polysaccharides in lower level.

Lysolecithin having bigger HLB, can form system O/W easily, which is thermodynamically stable colloidal system. Preparing system of lysolecithin-based microemulsion containing cholesterol, was made up of cholesterol / lysolecithin / n- propanol, lysolecithin as emulsifier, n-propanol as co-surfactant, cholesterol as oil phase. It was show that the microemulsions are clear, transparent, stable.

Objective: To compare the scavenging capacities on oxygen radicals of natural plant antioxidants. Methods:Chemiluminescence. Results: The IC of scavenging O for catechin, the extraction from licorice, • - 50 2 rosemary, grape seed, pulygonum cuspidatum and ginkgo leaf was respectively 6.16, 42.13, 184.29, 15.86, 25.48 and 33.47μ g/ml. The IC50 of scavenging •OH was respectively 0.59, 5.59, 39.89, 2.93, 7.15 and 10.44μg/ml. The IC50 of scavenging H2O2 was respectively 0.69, 24.02, 16.80, 1.34, 27.27 and 6.09μg/ml. Conclusion:The scavenging capacities of catechin was the strongest.

The effect of ball milling on the crystallian structure of mung bean starch was investigated with polarized light microscope and X-ray diffraction. The apparent viscosity of ball-milled mung bean starch paste with different concentration was determined at different temperature and shear rate by Brookfield rheometer. The rheological models of the ball-milled mung bean starch paste were obtained. The results showed that the crystallian structure of mung bean starch was destroyed in the process of ball milling, and the crystals were changed from polycrystalline to a more disordered structure. It was concluded that starch pastes showed pseudoplastic characteristics after ball milling treatment, but with the increase of ball milling time the pastes resembled to Newtonian fluid for its lower thickness and higher stability.

Optimization of the extracting method of chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae was studied by several different methods. Two different ways of Ultraviolet (UV) and Visible Spectrophotometr and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) have been carried out for the quantitative and qualitative determination of chlorogenic acid in Flos Lonicerae. Inhibition test against pathogenic bacteria has been done with Flos Lonicerae ethanol and chlorogenic acid. The results of chlorogenic acid extraction showed that chlorogenic acid tiptop absorb-apex was 324nm, with ethanol of 70% concentration extraction was remarkably superior to other methods. The content of chlorogenic acid with 70% ethanol extraction was 43.35%, so the ethanol with 70% concentration extraction was the optimum condition. The antibacterial action of chlorogenic acid on Escherichia in vitro Coliand extracted with 70% ethanol from Flos Lonicerae showed that Flos Lonicerae had strong antimicrobial activity.

The crude tea protein extracted and preliminarily purified from the depolyphenoled tea leaves dregs was hydrolyzed by chemical and enzymatic method respectively. These modification methods could obviously improve the functional proper- ties of tea dregs protein, such as solubility, water absorption, foaming capacity, emulsibility and gelation; but slightly reduce the oil absorbability. The functional properties of modified tea dregs protein could compare favourably with soybeen protein concentrate (SPC). The degree of hydrolysis could influence these functional properties differently. It was also confirmed that in the AP-TEMED system assay the 0.1 mg/L tea crude protein could eliminate the peroxide free radicals with the efficiency of 52.0%.

The enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran protein was studied with degree of hydrolysis. Trypsin was found to be the most effective protease and its optimum conditions were pH8, ratio of enzyme to substrate 1:100 and temperature of 37℃. Resulting hydrolysates were tested for their opioid antagonist activities based on guinea pig ileum-contracting assayss. The hydrolysate produced at 11.9% of degree of hydrolysis showed the highest opioid antagonist activity. High performance size exclusion chromatography results indicated that its molecular weight distribution mainly ranged from 125～24233Da.

Naringin and limonin are main bitter components in citrus fruit. Studied on the distributing of them in citrus fruit of main inseminated varieties and the debittering technology of orange juice by adsorbable resin in this paper. The excellent homemade debittering resin was filtrated.

In this paper, the effects of pressure, temperature, CO 2 flow and extraction time were studied by supercrifical CO 2 extraction for de-lipid of corn fiber. The optimum conditions were determined through orthogonal test: the pressure was 30MPa, temperature 45℃, time 60min and CO2 flow rate 23L/h. The rate of de-lipid was 5.06%. The color of product was milk white, the flavor was pure and the content of lipid was below 0.3%. It could be food as additive for low calorie and high dietary fiber food.

Diet fiber, chromium picolinate and zinc lactic are the effective components for lowing blood glucose level in human body. Vegetable oils (corn and soybean oils) rich in oleic acid and linoleic had been encapsulated by casein, dextrin and soluble diet fiber, the emulsion was dried in pilot scale sprayer. The optimum processing parameters by pilot scale production were determined. Factors of zinc lactic influencing emulsion stability were investigated and distribution of chromium and zinc in end product was analyzed by FAAS.

In this thesis, for optimizing the hydrolysis condition of soybean protein isolated (SPI) by Protamex protease, second- order regression rotation designing has been used. The mathematics matrix was established between the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and five factor(pH value, hydrolysis time, substrate concentration, hydrolysis temperature, the ratio of enzyme and substrate). The high yield scheme and the optimization design were also determined. The optimization condition: hydrolysis time 10h, substrate concentration at 14%, the ratio of enzyme and substrate at 4.5%, pH6.5 and 40℃. By main member analysis, pH value contributes to DH mostly.

Object: To optimize the extracting and separating process for flavonoids and polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. Methods: Pass the single factor experiment to get the factors that show the important influence and by orthogonal design to the factors to optimize the extracting and separating process. Results: The optimum extracting and separating conditions were 1:30 the solid to liquid, 80℃ extracting temperature and pH=8 extracting and separating process for flavonoids, and were 1:40 the solid to liquid, 70℃ extracting temperature and pH=7 extracting and separating process for polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. Conclusion: The optimized process is stable and highly efficient with the water to extract and separate with macroeticular resin flavonoids and polysaccharides from mulberry leaves.

In this study, three batches of dry fermented Chinese-style sausage inoculated with Staphylococcus xylosus-12 and Pediococcus pentosaceus- ATCC 33316 (CHS-SP), Staphylococcus xylosus-12 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei-1.001 (CHS- SL) and abatch without any starter (CHS-CONT) as control were prepared. The physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory quality characteristics of all sausage samples were determined. The water activity ranged from 0.80 to 0.82, pH from 4.85 to 4.98, residual sodium nitrite from 3.84 to 7.11mg/kg and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) from 17.77 to 19.05mg/100g in final products. Moreover, 17 different kinds of free amino acids were detected, where glutamic acid and arginine were found in predominant amount and cysteine in trace. The mixed starter cultures produced higher amount of total free amino acid, improved the color and textural properties and suppressed the growth of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and other yeasts and molds as well in the products. However, the total plate counts were unaffected. The sensory evaluation result showed that the product batch (CHS-SL) added from mixed culture was the best, while the control was the worst.

Study on the extraction of soluble dietary fiber in hull-less barley bran by microwave treatment. The extraction technology and the conditions of microwave treatment were studied. Results showed that when particle was 2, pH value 7.5 and microwave power 560W and extraction time 60 seconds, the contents of β-glucan extracted were maximum. This method has used less time and electrical power and at the same time been convenient and efficient.

This paper studies the extraction methods and the affecting factors of the extraction of volatile oil from Diospyros kaki leaves by stirring method at the same time refluxing. The best extraction technological condition is the 60 degree and the ratio of solid toliquid is1:15 for 2.5h at the first extraction and 1.5h at the second by solvent of 95% ethanol.The concrete with sweet smell of Diospyros kaki could be a good spice used as a new perfume in food,tobacco, drink,ect.

In this paper, the technology of extraction and purification of 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside from the Polygonum multiflorum Thunb was studied. The stilbene glucoside were purified from the EtOH extract by macroporous resin Ⅱ. And 40% EtOH was the optimized elution solvent. The product concentration was 84.47% determined by HPLC, and the yield of the the stilbene glucoside was 75.12%.

Aspergillus oryzae strains were screened to produce koji for fish sauce fermentation, and cultivated conditions of :5 fish sauce koji with single and mixing strains were also studied in this test. The result is that the highest protease activity is As1 strain; the optimal fermentation process is that the cultivate temperature is 28℃, the water content is 52%, bran: bean cake of medium is 3:1; Cultivate temperature has the most effect on protease, then the water content, the least effect is medium component. The protease activity of koji mixed Aspergillus oryzae with Bacillus subtilis was higher than that of single strain, it appears potential perspective in the fermentation of fish sauce.

In the research, the wavelength-longer-520nm -band light got from the Solar-spectrum by filtering material. The spectum were filtered into five different intensity, and the five different light-intensity were used in the withering process. Results of the study show: The fresh leaves withered with different light-intensity got very different qualities of roasted teas. The analyses on the bio-chemical substance and the sensory tasting show the roasted tea withered by the 13,725lux-light-intensity and 16,774lux-light-intensity had higher quality.

Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) was used as a method to preprocess the near infrared (NIR) spectra of apples ranging from 1300nm to 2100nm, to estahlish the calibration model of sugar content against apple spectra before and after OSC pretreatment by partial least square (PLS). Compared with those just being centered, apple spectra after OSC followed by centered pretreatment were smoother and in a closer and more orderly array, but their shape showed not much difference. This indicated that the major information in apple spectra could be reserved while part noise was removed by OSC method. The number of optimal factors of PLS model used to predict sugar content against apple spectra would be reduced in accordance with OSC factors reduction, even up to 1 finally (the precision of model also will have a little variation). In this study, the optimum PLS calibration model was obtained when 10 OSC factors were filtered, to have obtained the correlation coefficient (r 2 ) of 0.92644, with the standard error of calibration (SEC) of 0.40250 and the standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.50229. Although this model could not improve precision to a great extent, but in comparison on with the model before OSC pretreatment, less reduction factors would be necessary and the model would be simpler.

The double-layer medium that can be used to detect lactic acid bacteria producing biogenic amine was desired. Using this method the strains from our laboratory and the strains isolated from different fermented foods were detected. The result showed that the method can differentiate the amine-positive strain and amine-negative strain, and the method is simple and accuracy. The positive reaction is recognized easily. It is useful for the production and the development of good culture starter.

The essence oil in Kaempferia galanga L. consists of many flavor components. We chose Kaempferia galanga L. planted in Yangjiang, Guangdong province as the sample and extracted the essence oil by enzyme-decomposing together with steam distillation. The oil was analyzed and the components as well as the corresponding contents were determined in GC/MS. It is indicated in the experiment that there are 30 components in the oil which are mainly trans-p-methoxy-ethyl-cinnamate (59.24%), cis-p-methoxy- ethyl-cinnamate (6.14%) and ethyl-cinnamate (5.27%). The data provide the foundation for making use of Kaempferia galanga L.

After appropriate roasting, burdock produced a kind of flavor similar with that of coffee. According to the results above and differences of individual sense and taste, the flavor most like coffee was obtained after baking at an appropriate temperature. Through the experimentation ,we found that before we baking the burdock we should to dry it in the oven for 2 hours at the temperature of 100℃.Then we baked the burdock at the temperature of 200℃ for 4 min .In this way we can obtain the best flavor. Then the flavor was determined through GC-MS and the results were compared with the components of coffee flavor. In addition, the producing process of burdock flavor was also studied to some extent according to that of coffee.

Starch-rich foods will produce high concentration acrylamide by high temperature cooked. Acrylamide is probably carcinogenic to humans. A method for directly determining acrylamide in foods by GC/MS is defined. Acquisition mode is selected ion monitor (SIM).The linear range of this method is0.5～15.5mg/L, linear correlation coefficient is 0.99943, recovery is more than 94%, relative standard deviations is less than 5.4%, and the limits of quantification is 25μg/kg. This is a rapid and sensitive method.

With the development of animal husbandry, Tetracycline antibiotics (oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracyclin) have been widely used in feed industry as feed additives. It’s likely to be left as a residues in tissues, milk and other food products with resulting risk to consumer. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure for the analysis of TCs residues was established in this paper. The experiments shown that the limit of quantification was 100ug/ml, good recoveries were observed from 50 to 300μg/kg, with values of 81.3%～122.4%and CV% were 2.7%～11.1%.The advantages of the method were found to be rapid, simple and repeatable.

To develop an accurate、rapid method to determine the quantity of the main ingrediant PC in lethicin function foods. Extracting lethicin with hexane,then adding 0.5%iodide-hexane and reacting,absorbance was detected by UV spectrophotometry at a wavelength 292nm. The absorbance calibration curve of PC was in good linearity over the range of 0.35～1.1, r=0.9994(n=5). The method is accurate,rapid simple and suitable to determine the quantity of PC in lethicin function foods.

A method for the determination of acid orangeⅡand acid redGR simultaneously in a supporting solution of 0.01mol/ L by single sweep polarography has been established. The peak potentials were -0.74V, -0.89V(vs.SCE) respectively .The peak hights were linearly proportional to the concentration of acid orangeⅡin the range of in the range of 0.20～10.0μg/ml and of acid redGR 0.20～6.0μg/ml. The detection limit was 0.10 μg/ml for both OrangeⅡand redGR . This method was simple and sensitive with good selectivity. The results were satisfactory when used to analyse food.

ion and determination method of methyl mercury. We use benzene to extraction methyl mercury in fish and enrich it with half Guang ammonia sour filter paper, then use benzene to wash the paper again. That would make methyl mercury being enriched and purified. Finally we establish the measurement of methyl mercury by GC—ECD. The average recovery rate of this method is 89.82% and its CV is 10.01%.

Chromatography (SFC) and GC/MS have been developed in this paper. The data showed (1) using a mobile phase of carbon dioxide modified with 5% methanol ,SFC achieved excellent result, and the time for the analysis was less than 3 minutes; (2) using GC/MS, the analysis was finished within 7 minutes. The two methods could be used to determine caffeine in tea rapidly. The other components contained in tea did not interfere the assay.

A new method for the determination of copper, nickel, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography was studied. The copper, nickel, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury ions were pre- column derived by tera-(2-chlorophenyl)-porphine (T 2 CPP). These chelates were enriched by solid phase extraction with C 18 cartridge and the enrichment factor of 50 was achieved. The chelates were separated on a ZORBAX Stable Bound (4.6×50 mm, 1.8 μm) by gradient elution with methanol and THF as mobile phase at a flow rate of 2.0ml/min and detected with photodiode array detector from 350～600 nm. The detection limits of nickel, copper, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury are 3,4,4,3, 2 and 2ng/L, respectively. This method had been applied to the determination of nickel, copper, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury in food with good results.

Objective:To study the protective effects of flavonoids of ginkgo biloba on serum anti-oxidizing system induced by acute alcohol administration on mice. Methods :After being pretreated with flavonoids of ginkgo biloba (96mg/kgbw), the mice ingested alcohol (4.8g ethanol/kgbw) via i.g. and were decapitated after 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 9h, and 15h of last time of i.g respectively. Meanwhile, the normal control group and ethanol control group (4.8g ethanol/kgbw) were employed in the study. The concentration of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were determined. Result: The experiment displayed that the content of GSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD decreased rapidly after 1h of treatment with alcohol and dropped to the lowest level at 4h of treatment. 6h after treatment, these indexes returned to the normal level rapidly. The level of MDA increased rapidly 1h after treatment and reached the climax at 4h. It returned to the normal concentration until 15h. On the whole, there were similar curves between flavonoids supplement group and alcohol control group on the indexes. However, to some extent, the supplement of flavonoid of ginkgo biloba could prohibit the rise of MDA level, while the decline of GSH-Px, SOD, GSH was much less than what were induced by acute alcohol intakes. Conclusion :Flavonoids of ginkgo biloba had some protective effects on the damage of serum anti-oxidizing system of mice induced by acute alcohol adminstration.

The effects of genistein on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell MCF-7 was studied. Genistein inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells significantly, arrested cell cycle progression at G 2 /M phase, and enhanced cyclin B protein expression in dose-dependent manner. No effect on cyclin E protein expression was observed. Genistein reduced bcl-2 protein expression , induced bax protein expression and reduced the ratio of bcl-2/bax .

Sea Buckthorn seed was used as raw material, and effects of procyanidins from the Sea Buckthorn seed (SBSPC) on the immunity of mice was studied. It showed that SBSPC could evidently improve the carbon clearance indexes; the activity of T lymphocyte and the form of hemolysin in mice. Compared with control group, spleens and thymus glands of the mice in each dose weren’t impacted. The results indicated that SBSPC may contribute to the immune enhancement of mice without negative impact.

Cholesterol-reducing strains LQ-12 which was identified as Lactococus.lactis subsp. lactis was screened from 8 lactic acid bacteria(LAB) species(strains). 41.87% cholesterol reduced in MRS which contained cholesterol when incubated with Lactococus.lactis subsp. lactis LQ-12. The effect of the yogurt fermented with strain LQ-12 on the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerids (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),total bile acid (TBA), liver total cholesterol(TC),faecal total cholesterol(TC) and total bile acid(TBA) were investigated in artificially-induced hyperlipemial SD rats. The results showed that the mean values for serum TC,TG,TBA and faecal TBA concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05),TC in faecal increased at the same time,while serum HDL-C concentrations were not significantly increased after 28d’s fedding.

Objective: The nutrtients of the wild and cultivated-indoor Nostoc sphaeroides were compared and discussed,so as to provide basis for exploiting the Nostoc sphaeroides resources. Methods:Using routine analysis, HPLC, GC and flurescene spectrometry,the nutrtient of the wild and cultivated-inar Nostoc sphaeroides were assayed, as well as the differences between them were compared.Results:The contents of the routine compounds of them such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, ash and pectine had little difference while the fatty acid was mainly composed by middle-chain and the composition of amino acids was the same, but the contents of fatty acid andβ-Carotene of cultivated-indoor were less than those of the wild. Vitamine B was just on the contrary, while the amino acids contents changed unregularly. Conclusions:The cultivated-inar Nostoc sphaeroides has some prospect for development.

EDC method and GA method were used to conjugate Oxytetracycline to Bovine Serum albumin(BSA), then artificial antigen, Oxytetracycline and BSA were respectively taken on UV spectrum scan. The UV spectrum of artificial antigen has been changed when compared to BSA and Oxytetracycline. The result showed that artificial antigen is synthesized successfully. The molar ratio of Oxytetracycline to BSA in artificial antigen was 7.97:1 (using EDC method ) and 2.85:1 (GA method), this means that using different conjugative compound will get different artificial antigen. BALB/c small mice had been immunized with Oxytetracycline-BSA for 65 days, and the titer antiserum from those mice were testified by indirect ELISA, the titer of the antiserum is 1:20000.

Purpose:Study the effect of AAP on mouse with tumor and the resistant effect on depression of the number of WBC (White blood cell) caused by CP(cyclophsphamide). Methods: Select the targets such as inhibitory rate of tumor, cell division index, survival time and the number of WBC to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of AAP on S 180 ascites sarcoma and transplantation sarcoma in mouse. Results: Comparing with the control, the AAP can inhibit the mouse’s sarcoma from growing, prolong the survival time of mouse bearing tumor and increase the numbers of WBC depressed caused by CP. Conclusion: AAP has antineoplastic effect, it’s may be related to its immunity regulation.

Objective:To study the absorption of daidzein and genistein in the small intestine of male rat . Method: in vitro The respetive contents of daidzein and genistein in the fluid either inside or outside of the small intestinal sacs and also in the mucous by means of turning the small intestinal sacs inside out were determined by RP-HPLC. At the same time the activity of ATPase in the mucous was assayed to study the absorption of daidzein and genistein. Result: The time of the highest absorption of daidzein and genistein were 2～3 h and 3～4 h in the small intestinal sacs turned inside out, respectively. The high absorption rate was gradually decreased with the concentration of isoflavone increasing. The concentration of isoflavone in the mucous exhibited distinct dose-dependent and time-dependent tendency. Daidzein and genistein could significantly enhance the activity of total ATPase in small mucous. Conclusion: The results showed that the absorption of soybean isoflavone in rat small intestine in vitro was mainly active absorption.

Agaricus bisporus were used in this study. Agaricus bisporus were stored at (3±1)℃ packaged by different thickness PE and PVC material.By investigating main index such as weight loss, RI and PPO activity during the storage ,the conclusion was as following: through the total storage , Agaricus bisporus packaged by 9#、13#、6# material weight loss, RI,PPO activity observably lower than other materials,while sensory properties higher than other materials.

The effect of low pressure storage on physiological and biochemical changes of angeno plum fruit during cold storage. The results showed that low pressure storage significantly kept the flesh hardness and TSS content,reduced the expense of titratable acid,inhibited the respiration and the accumulation of MDA content, SOD activity were kept high under the low pressure, and POD activity are low.

The article reviewed the research advances on detection techniques for irradiated foods and detection methods such as chemical method, electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL) was discussed. Some suggestions on the development of detection methods for irradiated foods in future were envisaged.

Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is a new solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique for separating some target substances from solid and semi-solid samples. Now, it has been found wide application in analysis of drugs and pesticide residues, pollutants, and other hazard components in foods. This article provides a review of its applications and discusses both the practical and theoretical aspects for the use of MSPD in sample processing.

The contemporary development and application of food rapid microbial detection methods were overviewed and analyzed : PCR, real-timePCR, ELISA, PCR-ELISA, biosensor, MPN, Dipstick

Magnetic resonance imaging as a nondestructive technique, is used widely in the food processing and quality controlling. Ohmic heating is very suitable for the particulate foods and liquid-particulate foods. But it is always very difficult to measure the course of Ohmic heating. MRI is a good tool to quickly determine the temperature of Ohmic heating foods. So, we can use MRI to draw the instantaneous temperature distribution map, and develop the mathematical model of Ohmic heating, and found the basis of industrialized Ohmic heating.

Vacuum cooling has been widely used as a rapid cooling method for vegetables, fruits cut flowers, and foods to improve their keeping quality. This paper reviewed the recent developments of the application of vacuum cooling in vegetables, fruits cut flowers, and meats and the mechanism of vacuum cooling. The existing problems and the further study in this field are pointed out in this paper.

Trehalose is an exciting new multi-functional food ingredient with considerable potentials for the food industry. This review describes the properties, functions and applications of trehalose in new food development.

Using Rana sylvatica as raw materials,the processing technologies of Rana sylvatica sausage were studied. According to the multiple actors in orthogonal experiment, the optimal tender formula of Rana sylvatica sausage was:the Rana sylvatica: fat(80:20), plaster of Rana sylvatica 15%, soya protein3%, starch7%。