To improve the solubility of quercetin in water,quercetin-zinc complex was synthesized.The activity of quercetin-zinc complex on inhibiting nitrosation was studied by blocking rate on synthesis of nitrosamine,formation of nitrite ion and scavenging rate under the condition of simulated gastric juice(pH3.0,37 ℃)in vitro in this paper.The activity of blocking synthesis of nitrosamine by experimental of small mice was investigsted in vivo,taking serum GPT as index.The results showed that quercetin-zinc complex has strong capability of blocking nitrosamine synthesis.The maximum blocking rate of NDMA is 91.70%,and the activity of scavenging sodium nitrite is obvious.The maximum eliminating rate of nitrite sodium is 80.64%.Quercetin-zinc complex inhibited nitrate ion reduced into nitrite ion by nitrate reductase,and the inhibitory rate amounted to 58.64%.During the process of blocking synthesis of nitrosamine,the serum GPT in quercetin-zinc complex group is significantly lower than those in control group(p<0.01).

The stability of submicron β-carotene emulsion under different conditions was studied.Results showed that long time direct irradiation of natural light outdoors or high temperature could affect on stability of β-carotene emulsion,but the scattered light indoors did not make any difference to it.β-carotene emulsion was quite stable in the environment of pH3～9.Metal ions such as Fe2+,Zn2+,Mg2+ and Ca2+ except Fe3+ and Cu2+ had little influence on stability ofβ-carotene emulsion.The effect of oxidant,reducer,sucrose,dextrose,citric acid,vitamin C,Na+,K+ and preservative on β-carotene emulsion was very little.

Effects of removing the superoxide radical,hydroxyl radical and alkane radical with active matter extracts from Ampelopsis grossedentata which was mainly consisted of favone compound dihydromyricetin were determined by the method of NBT photoreduction,system of ascorbic acid-Cu2+-H2O2 and oxidation of linolin acid.The antioxidant activities of the flavonoids dihydromyricetin extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata were studied.The scavenging capacity of superoxide radical(O2·),hydroxyl radical(·OH)and alkane radical(ROO·)for dihydromyricetin was 90.0%,83.9%,63.9% respectively.

The anthocyanins were extracted from four kinds of plants with ethanol.The antioxidant of anthocyanins was studied by the inhibition ability on DPPH and scavenging ability on hydroxyl radical.The relationship between the antioxi-dant and the phenol content was discussed.The results showed that the inhibition ability on DPPH:red bean>black rice> kidney bean>black bean,the scavenging ability on hydroxyl radical is as same as DPPH,and the higher phenol has the strongera ntioxidant.

The rheological property of welan gum solution was studied in this paper.In addition,the effects of temperature,pH and NaCl concentration on viscosity of welan gum solution were investigated.The results indicated that the welan gum solution exhibits a strong pseudoplastical properties characterized by shear-thinning behavior with an equation of lgb=lgK+(N-1)lga.Temperature from 25 to 100℃ and pH from 2 to 12 have little effects on the viscosity of welan gum solution,but the NaCl concentration shows clear influence.

Objective:The antisepsis effects of different extract of APG were probed,as well as its chemical components.Method:Different extracts of APG were prepared firstly,and the antisepsis effect was studied with OD value.At the same time,the chemical components of different extracts were determined.Results:The ethylactate extract was different from the others by the clustering analysis,and its antisepsis effect was optimal.The polyphenols of the flavonol compounds and the saponin had prominent influence on the antisepsis,and the significance was 0.003 and 0.037 respectivly.Conclusion:The APG has excellent potential as the antisepsis substance.

The radical scavenging capacity of polyphenolic compounds from Prunus humilis Bge fruit was studied by three different antioxidant tests system such as soybean phosphatidylcholine liposome model system,LDL media and bovine serum album media.The correlation between the total phenols and antioxidant capacities assayed by the three methods is high,and polyphenol in Prunus humilis Bge fruit is found to inhibit the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in a close-dependent and a time course manner.There is a complete inhibition of conjugate diene(CD)formation induced by proxyl radicals and Cu2+ at the early stages.In inhibition study of lipid peroxide,lag phase was increased.Peroxidation of BSA induced by proxyl radical is also efficiently scavenged.Free radical scavenging activities present polyphenols from Prunus humilis Bge fruit to be effective antioxidants to protect against oxidative damage of biofilm,lipoprotein and serum protein induced by free radicals.These results indicated that polyphenol in Prunus humilis Bge fruit has potential application value.

Nine texture quality indexes of cooking rice based 13 kinds of rice had been measured with texture analyzer in this paper.The 9 indexes of rice were hardness,adhesive force,adhesiveness,springiness length,recoverable work done 1,recoverable deformation1,final load,hardness work done and rigidity.These texture indexes and cooking quality indexes of rice were studied by correlation analysis.The results indicated that the correlations between the springiness length with swelling volume and starch iodine blue of rice are significant,the correlative coefficients of japonica rice is 0.853,0.774,and the non-glutinous rice is 0.827,0.816.The correlations between adhesive force with water absorbency are significant,the correlative coefficients of the japonica rice is 0.971,and the non-glutinous rice is 0.824.The correlations between adhesiveness with dry matter are also significant,the correlative coefficients of the japonica rice is 0.778,and the non-glutinous rice was 0.829.The other texture quality indexes and coking quality indexes are not significant correlation.Hardness,adhesive force,adhesiveness and springiness length could be used for evaluating rice edible quality.

The ethylacetate extracts and the n-butanol extracts from Xinjiang Vitis vinifera L were assayed for antibacterial activity four kind of bacteria.Results showed that extracts of Xinjiang Vitis vinifera L has notable inhibiting microorganism activity.

The density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-31G* level were carried out for calculating the physiochemical parameters of the structural units of 14 familiar solvents,which were used to investigated the quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR)of the solubility of β-carotene.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish the QSPR model.The multiple regression coefficient(R2)is 0.933 and the standard deviation is 0.316.The relevant coefficient between the calculated values of solubility by the QSPR model and that of the experiment is 0.980,and the standard deviation is 0.241.The results indicate that the molecular average polarizability α,the molecular volume Vm,the most positive net charge of hydrogen atom qH+ and the molecular mass M are the key factors of the solubility of β-carotene.This QSPR model can be simply and rapidly used to predict the solubility of β-carotene in different solvents.

This paper was researched in the study on gel of Gellan gum properties to silver carp surimi-protein soybean products.And initially identified the content of improver Gellan gum,Ca2+ and Sodium citrate.Result showed that adding Gellan gum in surimi-protein soybean composite products contributes to enhancing the gel property,the gel strength is significantly enhanced,accompanied by the increase water-holding capacity and the increase of folding performance.The content of Ca2+,sodium citrates have great influence to the effectiveness of Gellan gum.This research identified when the ratio among surimi-soybean protein-sweet potato starch equal to 85g:5g:10g,the content of Gellan gum is 0.2g,the content of CaCl2 is 0.0579g,and the content of sodium citrates is 0.60g,in such conditions,the gel property is best.

The antioxidant activities of pogadatree flower(Robinia Pseudocacia L.)extracts(PFE)were researched through determinations of reducing power and scavenging free radicals active of PFE.The results showed that:content of flavonoid in PFE was 3.2596 mg/ml.The reducing power of PFE was higher than VC and lower than TBHQ.There were well relationships between the contents of PFE and activities of scavenging hydroxyl free radical,superoxide anion free radical and DPPH radical and appeared linear relationships.Of them,the abilities of scavenging superoxide anion free radical and DPPH radical are stronger,the IC50 are 66.55μg/ml and 16.93μg/ml,respectively.

The effect of the ultrahigh pressure processing(UHPP)on the cell structure,PPO activity and main chemical composition of fresh tea leaves was studied.Results showed that:① Under the 600 MPa pressure,the cellular structure of fresh tea leaves shrink obviously,and the cell sap overflow distinctly.② The relative activity of PPO was remarkably decreased under the UHPP over 500 MPa holding for 10 min at 37 ℃.③ Under the treatment of 500 MPa holding for 5 min,the content of tea polyphenols and amino acids in fresh tea leaves was 9.14% and 1.35% respectively,increased 24% and 42% compared with the control.④ UHPP can also accelerated the overflow of chlorophyll and carotenoids from the chloroplast,but the excessive high pressure and the longer process time would cause the content decrased to some extent.

Sorbitol had four different kinds of crystal forms.Under the different crystallization conditions,the sorbitol which could be obtained were multiple crystal mixture.Due to crystal forms were different in nature,the humidity absorption of multiple crystal mixture was different,specific surface area may indirectly respond in the content of γ-form in sorbitol,so the humidity absorption rate and the humidity absorption percent in multiple crystal mixture of sorbitol were determined on condition of 25 ℃ and 75% humidity absorption.Then its critical relative humidity could be determined by the balance curve of humidity absorption under the humidity condition of 25 ℃.Experiment proved that the critical relative humidity of sorbitol powder is 70.80% when its specific surface area is 0.79 m2/g.In the air humidity was lower than 70%,the humidity absorption of the sorbitol power is little,it is not easily caking and suitable for industrial production.

Objective:To study the physical and chemical characteristics and determination of contents of crude polysaccharides from the Cordyceps mycelium powder.Methods:The reducing power of crude polysaccharides was detected by Fehling reagent and the polysaccharide contents were determined by phenol-sulphate acid inspects method.Results:The crude polysaccharides from the Cordyceps mycelium powder have no reducing power and no protein.The polysaccharide content of the crude polysaccharides from the Cordyceps mycelium powder is 35.37%.

Through a detailed analysis of color reaction and UV optical spectrum test of flavonoids,the flavonoids from Vaccinium uliginosum L.were primarily identified as flavonols,which had laid a foundation for the deep study of Vaccinium uliginosum L.in the field of food and medicine.

In this experiment,the moisture content and water activity of blueberries during osmotic dehydration at vacuum pressure,pulsed vacuum and atmosphere pressure were studied.The results showed that the moisture content and water activity of blueberries during osmotic dehydration at vacuum pressure fell down most quickly.The effective moisture diffusivity(Dm)of blueberries during osmotic dehydration at vacuum pressure,at pulsed vacuum and at atmosphere pressure respectively 1.6777×10-9,1.3629×10-9 and 0.5679×10-9m2/s.The effective solids diffusivity(Ds)of blueberries during osmotic dehydration at vacuum pressure,at pulsed vacuum and at atmosphere pressure were 9.1705×10-10,6.3919×10-10 and 5.1007×10-10m2/s,respectively.

The influences of ultra high pressure treatment on wheat insoluble dietary fiber’s characteristics were studied.The change of sample’s water retention capacity(WRC),swelling capacity(WSC),viscosity and structure was inspected respectively.The result showed that the treated sample’s WRC,WSC and viscosity increased and it’s texture became loose and porous without space structure change.The research laied base for wheat dietary fiber modification study.

Egg albumen not only has important nutrition value,and still have important functional property,for instance emulsibility,foaming characteristic etc.As a kind of important raw material of protein,effects of high intensity pulsed electric fields(PEF)on the functional properties of egg albumen were studied.Results showed that solubility of egg albumen decrease when the pulsed electric fields intensity is more than 35 kV/cm.Emulsibility,foam capacity and hydrophobicity of egg albumen increase with the increase of the pulsed electric fields intensity.But when the pulsed electric fields intensity is more than 30 kV/cm,emulsibility,foam capacity and hydrophobicity of egg albumen decrease with the increase of the pulsed electric fields intensity.Solubility,emulsibility,foam capacity and hydrophobicity of egg albumen change quiet with the increase of the pulsed electric fields numbers.

The development of Tremella fuciformis contained three stages of growth,namely spore,mycelium and fruiting body.The isolation procedure involved extraction dealt with phosphate buffered saline and precipitation of 30%～60%(NH4)2SO4.These three lectins from the three stages are all less thermostable.When heated at 70 ℃,they lose their original activity.The agglutination activity of the spore lectin is only stable in neutral environment,whereas the lectins of mycelium and fruiting body are alkali-and acid-stable respectively.Their activities are affected by both demetalization and addition of metal ions including Mg2+,Al3+,Fe3+.Among the various carbohydrates tested,lactose is the only saccharide capable of inhibiting the agglutinating activity of mycelium lectin.

The bacteriostasic activity and scavenging DPPH· capability of the pigment from purple potato was studied.The results showed that the pigment have activity against Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonelle Dublin and Escherichia coli.The minimum inhibiting contents are 41.75,25.05,25.05 mg/L and 300.58 mg/L,respectively.And the pigment have better scavenging effect on DPPH·.The amount of pigment from purple potato necessary to decrease initial [DPPH·] by 50%(EC50)was 20.842 mg/L.

Textural properties and water holding capacities(WHC)of myosin-collagenous protein and myosin-gelatin mixed gels were studied.The results showed that the values of the hardness,springiness and WHC of myosin-collagenous protein and myosin-gelatin mixed gels were higher than those of pure myosin.The values of the hardness and WHC of myosin-collagenous protein mixed gel were lowest at pH6.5,whilst the value of the springiness was highest.The hardness and WHC of the myosin-collagenous protein mixed gel increased with the ionic strength,whilst the springiness was the opposite.The springiness of myosin-collagenous protein mixed gel could be improved by adding KCl,and the WHC could be improved by adding SPP and TPP.The values of hardness and springiness of myosin-gelatin mixed gel were highest at pH6.5,whilst the value of the WHC was highest at pH6.0.The hardness and springiness of the myosin-gelatin mixed gel increased with the decrease of ionic strength,but the WHC was the opposite.

This paper reported the effects of sodium nitrite and green tea addition on the antioxidant and color properties of beef jerky.When increase seasoning stochastically divides into the comparison group(not to have increase)and three experimental groups(A:Increases 120×10-6 nitrite;B:Increases 4% green tea to raise the thing;C:2% green tearaise the thing and 60×10-6 nitrite).Results showed that the experimental group’s TBARS value remarkably is lower than the comparison group(p < 0.05),each experimental group,4% green tea with drawing increase group’s TBARS value is lowest.The increase greentea experiment group may remarkably suppress the dried beef the oxidation,stable dried beef luster.

In this paper,the effect of objective factors to the antimicrobial activity of chitosan have been studied,in purpose to confirm the best conditions.St.aureus was used as experimental microbial and inoculated to broth substrate with certain chitosan.The effects of the acetic concentration,enviroment pH value and concentration,molecular weight of chitosan etc.were tested.The experiment showed that the antibacterial activity of chitosan with the same degree of deacetylation and molecular weight was increased with its concentration.Dissolving chitosan in 2% acetic and control the pH value of substrate at 6.0 had the best effect.Microwave radiation was taken to preparation the water-soluble chitosan,but its antibacterial activity decreased.

Experimented the Tianshan service tree branch,theleaf,the fruit and the root ethyl alcohol withdrawing bacteriostasisfunction with a series of bacteria and the fungus.The resultindicated the certain density the Tianshan service tree branch,theleaf,the fruit and the root ethyl alcohol withdraw the thing tosupply to try the bacterium and the fungus all demonstrated thecertain inhibitory action,MIC and MBC are lower,its bacteriostasisactiveness increases along with the withdrawing density but graduallystrengthens.Therefore the Tianshanservice tree branch,the leaf,the fruit and the root ethyl alcoholwithdraw the thing to be possible to use in food anticorrosion,maintains freshness and so on the domain,has the widespread usescope.

The quadratic orthogonal rotation design with five factors was used to study the effect of the acid concentration,temperature,time,material fluid ratio,and extracting times by acid extraction from peanut meal in the research.The regression equation to five factors were established by RSREG software in SAS8.1.Results showed that the regression equation is significant,and the mathematical model for the simulation is presented.Through partial in research of optimization analysis to the regression equation,it was found that the optimum technical conditions were as follows:peanut meal was marinated with 25 times of 0.68 mol/L HCl at 87 ℃ for 74 min,extracting one time.The yield of soluble polysaccharides by acid extraction from peanut meal is 9.41% under these conditions and verified value is 9.39%.

The purpose of this experiment is to improve the corn silk flavonoids stability by microencapsulation technology.Microencapsulation of the flavonoids from corn silk with beta-cyclodextrin and the effect of the processing parameter of pestle method on the microencapsulation efficiency and yield were investigated.The results showed that the products with high quality could be obtained at the conditions such as the ratio of the wall materials to the core material 1:14,grind time 35 min,the concentration of beta-cyclodextrin 10%,and the temperature of grind 48 ℃.On these conditions,the microencapsulated efficiency of the product reached 85.6%.

Esterification of ferulic acid(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamate)and ethanol in organic solvent with lipase was studied.Six commercially available lipases were screened for their ability to esterify ferulic acid.The best solvent is tert-butyl alcohol and Novozym 435(immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin)was found to be the best lipase to convert ferulic acid to ethyl ferulate for this reaction system.The influences of the concentration of substrates,the molar ratio of substrates,the temperature of reaction,the amount of water in the medium,and the time of reaction were studied in detail.The optimization of reaction conditions was obtained.In the 10 ml of tert butyl alcohol containing 0% of water(V/V),when the molar ratio of acid to alcohol is 1:1,the temperature is 60 ℃,the concentration of ferulic acid is 0.1 mol/L,the reaction time is 120h,the highest percentage yield was obtained.Novozym 435 has a high stability.A yield of 23% for ethyl ferulate can be obtained with Novozym 435 even after it was used continuously six times.

The optimal craft process of extracting polysaccharides from pleurotus eryngii by hot water was studied in this paper.The preliminarily purified polysaccharides were obtained with the step of being leached by hot water,precipitated by ethanol and eliminated protein with Sevag method.The content of polysaccharides was determined by colourimetry using sulfuric acid and phenylic acid.Then the optimal conditions were obtained by orthogonal test on the basis of single factor test.The results indicate that the optimal conditions by orthogonal test are as following:time 3 hour,the temperature of water 90℃,the volume of ethanol is 70% compared to the volume of extracting solvent and the ratio of water to material is 1:20.At this time,the maximal yield of polysaccharides is 2.88%.

The optimum extracting conditions of protein in lotus seed was studied in this paper.The influences of the ratio of lotus to solution(W/V),pH,temperature and time on the extraction rate were investigated.On the basis of single factor test and the orthogonal test,the optimal working parameters were worked out.And considering the feasibility in industry,the optimum extracting conditions of protein are:lotus to solution ratio 1:25,pH11.0,40 ℃ and extracting for 3 h.The extraction rate reaches 86.45%.

The technology of isolation and purification of theanine extracted from the spent tea water after the tea polyphenols had been removed was studied.Adsorption and separation of theanine by ion exchange after being pretreated by ultrafiltration and decolorization.001×7 resin was adopted as the adsorption medium of ion exchange chromatography to separate theanine from the pretreated liquid.The factors affected the exchange capacity of theanine were assayed,and the kinetics of adsorption also studied.By response surface analysis(RSA)the optimal conditions of adsorption in the fixed-bed of 001×7 resin are resulted as follows:pH of pretreatment liquid 3.4,concentration of theanine 3.0 mg/ml,and sample flow rate 1.7 BV/h.The crude theanine with 58% purity is obtained through desorption with ammonia water at pH 11.3 with the recovery rate of theanine as 82%.

Effects of lactic fermentation on fried lotus root chips were studied.According to the results,lactic fermentation can reduce reductive sugar in fresh lotus root.Fresh lotus root with high content of reductive sugar(>0.4%)can adopt the optimum color after 6 h fermentation.With low content of reductive sugar(<0.4%),lactic fermentation cannot ameliorate the color greatly,but can improve the comprehensive quality of fried lotus root chips.

This paper studied the separation technics of the yam polysaccharides.The results showed the optimum conditions to separate the polysaccharide are:S/W 1:25,tempetrature 100 ℃ and time 2.5 h.During the next purification step,three kinds of polysaccharides are found,including one neutral polysaccharide and two acid polysaccharides.The GC-MS results showed that the neutral polysaccharide includes glucose and mannose,but acid polysaccharide 1 includes glucose,mannose and galactose,acid polysaccharide 2 includes glucose,mannose arabinose,xylose and altrose.

The extraction of pectin from Passiflora edulis rind with microwave was studied in this paper.The microwave power,radiation time,materials and solution ratio and the pH of solution were investigated.The experiment was arranged with U10*(108).The optimal conditions of extraction were that microwave power is 687 W,extraction time is 4.14 min,proportion of water and materials is 20:1(ml:g),and pH is 1.75.Compared with conventional method,the optimal time shorten greatly,the extraction yield increase from 2.22% to 2.60%.At the same time,the quality of pectin was measured.The results showed that microwave can strengthen the extraction of pectin from Passiflora edulis rind,which didn’t change the structure of pectin.

Extraction technology of isflavones in Trifolium pratense was developed by using an obturated microwave-assisted extraction(MAE)equipment.Effects of ethanol-water solvent,microwave power,raito of liquid to material,extraction time and extraction times on extraction rate of isflavones were investigated by single factor and orthogonal test.The optimum extraction conditions for Trifolium pratense isflavones were established as follows:70% ethanol(V/V)as solvent,ratio of liquid to material 15:1(V/W),microwave power high fire(750W),extraction for 3 times and 1 min for each time.The extraction rate of isflavones in Trifolium pratense was as high as 98.91%.Compared with ultrasonic extraction,refluence extraction and Soxhlet extraction,microwave extraction is a rapid method with a good selectivity and handle expediently.

Bentonite and chitosan were used to clarify the haihong wine in this research.The results showed that bentonite was the better,its transparence was more than 94%,and the contents of falconoid retained 84.7%.A transparent fragrant wine was gained after clarification.

The alcoholysis technique of VE acetatewas investigated in this research.Some key technique parameters such as alcohol-ester weight ratio,reaction temperature,reaction time and dosage of catalyst etc were discussed and analyzed.The optimum parameters for the alcoholysis were determined by orthogonal method.Results showed as follows:65 ℃,2 h,alcohol-ester weight ratio 2:1,and 1.1% NaOH(the weight of VE acetate)as catalyst.On these conditions,the alcoholysis rade of VE acetate exceeded 99.7%.

This research take the powdery Xinjiang flax phosphatide as the raw material,obtains the high-purity lecithin after applying the methods of metallic ion precipitation method,column chromatographic analysis,entire solvent extraction method and thin layer chromatographic analysis.And it has studied the effect influence of metallic ion precipitation method on the separation of phosphatide mixture by the columns chromatographic analysis.The result indicated that,take the metallic ion zinc as the compound precipating ion,and the neutral aluminum oxide as the absorbent,take chloroform:methyl alcohol:water=65:25:4(V:V:V)to elutes the medicinal preparation,the high-purity lecithin can be obtained;the phospho-lipin mixture without the metallic ion precipitation is unable to separate the sole component lecithin,regarding this part of phospho-lipin mixture,the research uses the thin layer chromatographic analysis to obtain the pure lecithin.The obtained lecithin has been distinguisded by the infrared spectrum,the ultra-violet spectrograph,one-dimensional launches the thin layer chromatographic analysis,two-dimensional double fluid launches method and so on.

A solid adsorbent was made from medicinal stone maifanshi and chitosan which can be used to clarification of pear juices.80 mm medicinal stone maifanshi was added in chitosan slurry of 90% the degree of deacetylation to prepare adsorbent which mass ratio is 1:1.2.The optimal operation conditions:the absorbent amount of addition 10 g/L,agitation time 4 min at 30 ℃ and the transparence is 80%.The filtrate slurry can be used for feed additive without environmental pollution.

Optimize the conditions to extracting and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Momordica charantia L.were studied by L9(33)orthogonal test.The results showed that the yield of flavonoids from Momordica charantia L.under optimal conditions(70% ethanol,40 ℃,3 h)is 126.56 mg/100g and its also have better function to scavenging· OH 75.37% close with VC(80.10%).

The supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction of ursolic acid from Follum eriobotryae was studied,and the extraction process conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test L9(34).The contents of ursolic acid in the extracts were determined directly by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The result showed that the order of the factors influencing extraction is A> D >C>B(A:extraction temperature,B:extraction pressure,C:presoaker,D:extraction time)and the optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature 30 ℃,pressure 15 MPa,presoaker 50 ml,extraction time 90 min.On these condition,the average ursolic acid content is 7.83%.

Through an orthogonal test on extraction of refined oil by supercritical CO2 fluid,the influence of several parameters such as particle size,extracting temperature,extracting pressure and extracting time on extraction rate were studied.The results showed that the technological conditions of the most amount of(d)-Limonene are particle size 30 mu,extracting container temperature 32 ℃,extracting container pressure 16 MPa,time 150 minutes,separating temperature container I 45℃,separating container I pressure 8 MPa,separating container II temperature 40 ℃,with 4.56‰ essential oil in separating container I;the optimum technological parameters of de-terpene are particle size 30 mu,extracting container temperature 45℃,extracting container pressure 12 MPa,time 60 minutes,separating temperature container I 40℃,separating container I pressure 10 MPa,separating container II temperature 40℃,maximum of extraction rate is up to 3.78‰ in separating container.

The ethanol extraction of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thunb Leaves were carried out.On the basis of single-factor tests,the orthogonal test was used in the optimization of technological parameters.Results showed that the optimum conditions are as follows:temperature 80 ℃,time 3 hours,ethanol concentration 50% and the ratio of solid to liquid 1:30.By the above conditions,the flavonoids extraction rate is more than 92%.Applying this extracting technology,the flavonoid content is increased,the results showed that this process is reasonable and practicable.

The flavonoids of Emilia sonchifolia were firstly extracted by 70% alcohol-water and then petroleum ether were used to eliminate the pigment or other ingredients inside.The Emilia sonchifolia flavonoid extracts were purified by the polyamide thin layer chromatography(TLC)(the developing solvent is n-butyl alcohol:H2O:acetic acid=10:5:1)or by polyamide column(70% aqueous ethanol as the eluent).The results of TLC(rutin as control)and flavonoid identification experiments showed that the the Emilia sonchifolia flavonoid has a similar components with rutin flavonoids and higher purity.The Emilia sonchifolia flavonoid showed stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and weaker antibacterial activitiy against Escherichia coli andB acillus subtilis.

In this research,with Lentinus edodes as raw material,the lentinan was extrated by enzymolysis method.The factors affecting extraction such as extraction time,reaction temperature,enzyme dosage and pH value were studied,and enzmolysis method was compared with traditional extrction method.The extraction product analyzed by infrared spectrogram and ultraviolet spectrogram.The highest extraction rate of admixture enzymolysis method is 12.90% and higher 6.26% than that of traditional extraction by heat water.Meanwhile,the impurity content in product is the lowest among the three methods,and the quality approaches to the standard of pure arabinogalactan much more.The results of experiment indicated that the admixture enzymolysis method is superior to traditional extraction by heat water and microscope wave.

In this paper,the proteins of corn gluten meal(CGM)were hydrolyzed by proteinase Alcalase and Protamex in order.Under room temperature,the hydrolysates were treated by ultrafiltration membranes of 20 kDa,10 kDa and 6 kDa cut-offs,and four fractions of ≥20 kDa,20～10 kDa,6～10 kDa and ≤6 kDa were obtained:The effect of different ultrafiltration pressure on functional properties and anti-oxidative activity of different molecular weight hydrolysates were studied.The results indicated that the yields of volumes and the proteins,the foam properties,and anti-oxidative activity of the hydrolysates were effected obviously by the pressure,while the viscosity and the emulsibility were not effected obviously.Under the pressure of 0.08 MPa,the functional properties and anti-oxidative activity of all of four fractions were better.The volume yield of the fraction of molecular weight ≤6 kDa was the highest.The protein yields of molecular weight of 6～10 kDa and ≥20 kDa were about 18%.The values of viscosity of all fractions were between 1.2～1.9 mPa·s,and the values of foam ability were between 148% and 207%,but the values of foam stability were lower.The emulsibility of the fraction of ≥20 kDa was the highest.The emulsion stability did not change obviously.The anti-oxidative activity of the fraction of ≤6 kDa was the highest.

This work described the influence of some operative parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction employed for the separation of lycopene and β-carotene,lutein from the pulp and skins of ripe tomatoes.The extractions were conducted at pressures and temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 MPa and 40 ℃ to 80 ℃,respectively.Lycopene and β-carotene,lutein showed a different solubility in the supercritical fluid depending on processing parameters.With a proper choice of operative parameters,it has been possible to obtain a product that contained 80.25% lycopene.Therefore,purification processing can be avoided.

In this paper,heat pretreatment method and ultrasonic pretreatment method of pig bone before enzymatic hydrolysis,and the process of papain and trypsin bienzymatic hydrolyzing pig bone were studied.The result indicated that the optimum conditions of pig bone heat pretreatment are 90 ℃ and 10 min.The optimum conditions of pig bone ultrasonic pretreatment are as follows:total sonication time 10 min,ultrasonic power 400 W.After the heat pretreatment of the pig bone before enzymolysis,the hydrolysis rate and recycle rate of nitrogen respectively increased by 30.84% and 10.99%.After the ultrasonic pretreatment,the hydrolysis rate and recycle rate of nitrogen respectively raised 84.57%,66.45%.Therefore,the ultrasonic pretreatment was obviously better than heat pretreatment.The optimum bienzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined as follows:substrate concentration 15%,E/S 6000U/g,enzymolysis time 4h,temperature 50 ℃,pH value 7.5,papain added amount:trypsin added amount1:1.When pig bone is pretreated by ultrasonic wave and hydrolyzed by bienzymes under these conditions,the hydrolysis rate is 25.99%,and recycle rate of nitrogen is 66.35%.

Gallium-promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared by the steps of hydrolysis,digestion,wetness impregnation and calcinations.The synthesis of dimethyl fumarate by the esterification of fumaric acid with methanol was catalyzed on solid acid Ga2O3/SO42-/ZrO2.The results showed that the catalyst had excellent catalytic activity and stability.The effects of calcined temperature,molar ratio of methanol to acid,reaction time and amount of the catalyst were analyzed by single-factor and orthogonal test.The optimum parameters for esterificaion are calcined temperature 600 ℃,methanol /acid mole ratio 8:1,the dosage dissimilarity of the catalyst 1.5 g,reaction time 8 h.On these conditions,the yield of DMF is more than 90%.

The extraction of red pigment from Pruns tomentosa with resin was studied in this research.The results showed that AB-8 resin had the best performance of absorbing the red pigment.In the course of desorbing the absorbed pigment,50% ethanol was optimal.AB-8 resin was selected during the experiment.After repeating 20 times,the absorption factor was only at a loss of 0.98%.The pigment has excellent water-solubility and stability in acid solution.The light,suitable heat and low density food additions also had no obvious influences on its stability.So the pigment from Solanum nigrum might be used as a good addition.

The technology parameters of inhibiting on browning of the Stachys floridana Schuttl ex Benth were evaluated,which based on the browning index.The results showed that at 95 ℃,3 min processing for blanching time,the best combination of browning inhibitor based on orthogonal test was 0.05% L-cys+0.05% VC+1% CA,and the inhibiting order of the three factors was CA> L-cys>VC.

Chitosan was used as carrier and glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent for the immobilization of papain.The immobilized conditions and stability of immobilized papain as well as its application in extraction of burdock polysaccha-ride were studied.The results showed that optimal conditions of immobilization of papain were 2.5% chitosan concentrations,0.3 g papain/g carrier,6 h times,15 ℃ temperature,pH7.5.The recovery activity of immobilized papain was 38.98%.The optimal conditions of extraction of burdock polysaccharide were 1:20 ratios of solid to liquid(W/V),pH6.5,60 ℃temperature,8h hydrolyzed times,added 1.8g immobilized papain/g carrier.The extracting ratio of burdock polysaccharide was 11.04%.The activity of immobilized papain remained more than 50% after repeated 5 times.

The technics of extracting the vanillin from curry powder was researched,and the technical flow which using the Indian curry powder as a raw material to extract the curcumin then invert it to the vanillin was determined in the paper.Using 95 percent of alcohol as extracting reagent to extract the curcumin,an optimized extraction condition was obtained through the single factor tests:temperature 65 ℃,time 1.5 h,ratio of solid to solvent 1:25,extracting 2 times,the extraction percentage reaches 95.7%.The crude curcumin product was adsorbed by using macroporous resin for purification.Through static adsorption and desorption experiments,the sorption and desorption properties of both D-101 and CAD-40 macroporous resins were studied.The results showed that the adsorption and desorption capacity of D-101 resin was better than CAD-40,so D-101 resin was chosen to purify curcumin.Then,curcumin was transformed into the vanillin by acid and base treatments,and was purified by sodium bisulfite.0.15g of the end product was obtained,and the total yield is 3.6%.Finally,the contents of vanillin in the end product are determined by HPLC method.The results showed that the concentration of vanillin obtained is 0.00986 mol/L,and the purity is 90.71%.

The adsorption and desorption performance of eight macroporus adsorbent resin for separation red pigments from Magnoliaceae×soulangeana flower,and determination of pigments by high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)were studied.The results showed that the LD-607 is optimum for absorbing pigments among the eight resins,and its adsorption capacity for the liquid pigments sample is 23.8 ml/g dry resin.The concentration of pigments in the liquid sample is eight times of the first concentration after the pigments separated from the sample.In pigments of 218 nm or 329 nm,more than two kinds of constituents are discovered by HPLC analysis.

The optimum extracting conditions of anthraqinones from Cassia tora L with the aid of ultrasonics were studied with the orthogonal test design.The results showed that when dousing the dried Cassia tora L powder with 85% ethanol(1 g in 10 ml)for 10 h,and with the aid of ultrasonic treatment for 25 min,the average extraction rate of total anthraqinone and free anthraqinone could reach 16.49 mg/g and 25.39 mg/g respectively.The ultrasonic assistant extraction method was superior over the traditional decocting method and the ethanol refluxing method.

In this paper the materials are Pyracantha fortuneana fruit,which were harvested from Zhengzhou.The materials were treated by rinsing,desiccating and crushing.Extracts the Pyracantha fortuneana red pigment with soaking the acidic edible 70% ethyl alcohol,and conducts the research to this pigment stability.It is for the purpose of provides the basis for Zhengzhou city Pyracantha fortuneana resource research and the development.The result indicated that,the pigment under acidic condition to light,heat,commonly used food additive are all quite stable,which is one kind of moderate price,safeis reliable,easy to operate natural plant pigment.

Tricholoma mongolicum was used as material to prepare polypeptide,and the material was processed through supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and extrusion technology before enzymatic degradation.Tricholoma mongolicum polypep-tide was prepared by two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis.The first stage use alcalase as hydrolysis enzyme to prepare polypeptide,and the second stage choose flavourzyme to adjust the flavor.The major factors that affected enzymatic degradation of Tricholoma mongolicum protein and product’s flavor were studied through orthogonal test.The optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis used alcalase as hydrolysis were established:temperature 55 ℃,time 2.5 h,substrate concentration 2%,concentration of enzyme 1.5%(E/S),the first product were adjusted in flavor utilized flavourzyme,and the polysaccha-ride removed used three times volume 65% alcohol solution,yield ratio of Tricholoma mongolicum polypeptide prepared in this research is 32.10%.

With extract of pueraria as experimental material,by the supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology the puerarin was purified.The effects of crystallization pressure,temperature and time were studied,and the purity of puerarin was detected with high performance liquid chromatography.The model of purification of pueratin about crystallization pressure,temperature and time was established with response surface methodology(RSM).Results showed that the relative deviation of actual value to predicted value was 3.37%.

Tea plant[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze] flower polyphenols were fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to obtain eight fractions mainly containing catechins which were taken off caffeine.The catechins fractions were separated and purified by silica column chromatography respectively to obtain four catechins monomers.Their purities were identified by HPLC methods.The purity of EC,ECG,EGCG,GCG was 98.9%,96.8%,98.6% and 97.1% respectively.

β-limit dextrin was produced by β-amylase enzymatic hydrolyzed on corn starch paste directly.Particle shape and viscosity characteristic of β-limit dextrin have been discussed.The results showed that the surface of β-limit dextrin particle is smooth,but its shape is irregular.Adding concentration of β-limit dextrin and adding cane sugar increase the viscosity of β-limit dextrin,while adding sodium chloride,acid and alkali decrease that.

Immunoglobulin is a kind of important immunologic active material in living body.It plays a very important role in adjusting the function of various living organs and systems.Three kinds of concentration methods-salting out 40%(NH4)2SO4,ultrafiltration,and the combination of the above two methods-were used to isolate Immunoglobulin from bovine serum,and the extraction percentage and product’s recovery rate of them were compared.The results showed that the best of three is combination method,with its extraction percentage being 9.378 mg/ml and product’s recovery rate being 91%.the optimal operation condition of the combination method was found,that is:the pH value of PBS buffer is 7.4,the mixture ratio of serum and PBS buffer is 1 to 1.

The high purification isoflavone was extracted from low purification red clover isoflavone product by solvent extraction and static state adsorption.In this study,the factors by which influence to the purifying are studied systematically and deeply.The experiment results indicate that the purifying capability of n-Butanol/water was higher than aqueous two-phase.In the static state adsorption,activated carbon was used to impurity sorbents,alumina was used to isoflavone sorbents and the methanol/aether was used to release solvent.The experiment results indicate that the static state adsorption method have obvious purifying capability,the product purity was enhanced from 22.6% to 62.5% by using this method.

In this paper,according to the structural property and physicochemical property of amylose and amylopetin,we use butanol precipitation separating amylose and amyloptin from common corn starch.Disscussed the effect of centrifugal time,centrifugal force on separating efficiency of amylose and amylopetin.The resultes showed that at 2 ℃,8000 r/min,centrifuge 15 mins,we could get the best separate efficiency,and at last we compared the viscosity,blue value,gel permeation chromatog-raphy of the amylose sample with the standard amylose,confirmed the coarse amylose had a high purity.

Papain and cellulase were applied on the extraction of lentinan,and the extraction conditions of enzymatic method were studied in this research.The results showed that the optimal conditions of papain were enzymatic concentration 0.5%,temperature 50 ℃,pH6～7 and reaction time 1 h.The optimal conditions of cellulase were enzymatic concentration 0.25%,temperature 40 ℃,pH4.5～5.0 and reaction time 1 h.By enzymatic hydrolysis,the extraction yield of lentinan was improved distinctly.

With cornmeal as raw materials,a kind of flavorful sour corn noodles was produced through a series of processes of grinding,fermentation,shaping and boiling.This method has many advantages such as the short fermentation cycle and the simple processing craft and so on.The protein and vitamin B6 content of the final product also were determined.

In this paper,a kind of superoxide dismutase(SOD)was obtained from yellow worm powder.Two-step(NH4)2SO4 precipitation were used as the main extraction method and DEAE-Sepharose FF ion-exchange and Sephadex G200 volume exclude chromatography were used as purification methods.The purification factor was 78.3.The SDS-PAGE showed that the SOD was a homogenous protein.This enzyme was proved as Cu.Zn-SOD.This study provides a suitable technology for obtaining SOD from the yellow mealworm.

Chondroitin sulfate was extracted from the eggshell membrane with a method of dilute alkali-enzyme hydrolysis.The product of chondroitin sulfate was gotten after ethanol disposition and desiccation by eliminating the protein with trypsin and pepsin.The results showed the optimum conditions of weight proportion 1:1.5(material:liquid),alkali concentration 5%,temperature 40 ℃.Dosage of trypsin and pepsin 1.5% and 0.8% respectively,pH value 8.2 and 5.5 respectively and reaction time 2.0 h respectively.

In this research,extraction of flavonoids-natural antioxidant in Houttuyniae cordata by alcohol was studied.Meanwhile,contents of flavonoids were assayed.Results showed that the 60% density alcohol as extraction solution,the optimum conditions are:Houttuyniae cordata powder quantity with alcohol solution volume 1:50,temperature 70 ℃ and the time 70 min.The Houttuyniae cordata flavonoids were purified by polyamide,and the yield of flavonoids reached 0.586%.Houttuyniae cordata flavonoids was identified as flavonol by physical and chemical properties analysis,TLC and UV-VIS.

Rhodiola sachdlinensis from Changbai mountain was used to be material,ultrasonic wave was co-method,and extracted Rhodiola flavonoids by hot water.The condition of the sonication and flavonoids extraction of Rhodiola were studied,and the optimum technique were screened out through orthogonal test.The results showed that the size 0.125 mm,sonication time 6 s,alternat time 4 s,sonication times 7.When Rhodiola flavonoids were extracted by hot water,the extraction time 40 min,material to liquid 1:15,extraction temperature 80 ℃,extracted Rhodiola flavonoids as above,the percentage extraction of Rhodiola flavonoids was 13.02%.

Soluble soybean polysaccharide(SPSS)is one of the effective ingredients in soybeans,and it has various functions,such as antioxidant activity,stabling protein particles in acidic solutions,etc.The research mainly emphasizes on the extraction of soybean polysaccharide(ESP),and then analyzes its monosaccharide components.The ESP primarily focuses on the quantities of SSPS under different temperatures,time,pH,as well as conditions of varied firm than liquid,thus finds out the optimum arrangements of the four factors,namely temperature 100 ℃,time 3 h,pH5,and firm than 2 liquid.After the elementary purification,the extraction is identified with TLC(Thin Layer Chromatography)and FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)for its monosaccharide constiutions.

The basic nourishment compositions of mussel were determined in the paper.pH,temperature,addition of Flavourzyme and reaction time were optimized by orthogonal test,and antioxidation activity of hydrolysate was determined.Results showed that the optimal processing parameters were pH7.0,50 ℃,120 min,Flavourzyme 0.05%.Total antioxidation activity and hydroxyl radical suppression of the hydrolysate was 4.02 U/ml and 129.32 U/ml,respectively.

Hawthorn juice and milk were used as raw materials,the optimum formula of using solid yoghurt with hawthorn taste was studied.Pectin content in hawthorn juice was measured.The effects of hawthorn pectin on yoghurt quality were analyzed.It was identified that hawthorn pectin was the principle factor affecting sensory and physical index of hawthorn taste yoghurt.

The technology of ultrasonic dilapidating walls was used to extract pine pollen polysaccharides and the optimum parameters were obtained:ultrasonic power 400 W,solid to liquid ratio 1:12,ultrasonic time 10min,extracting temperature 80 ℃.Protein was removed 3 times to pure polysaccharides by the Sevag.The extraction yield of polysaccharides is 18.54 mg/g under the condition of optimum parameters and increased 2.02 times compared with water extraction.

The extraction condition of jujube juice and the ingredient of jujube and peanut compound beverage were investigated in this paper.The result indicated that,the optimum extraction craft conditions are temperature 70 ℃,time 60 min,the material hydraulic modulus 1:6;Pectinase quantity 0.03%,enzymolysis temperature 45 ℃,enzymolysis time 1.5 h.The best ingredient of Chinese date and peanut emulsion was 15:15:3:2.

The extracted techniques of protein and polysaccharide from white wine waste yeast were studied.The results showed:The best disaggregated effect of yeast suspension by ultrasonic is disposed in 600W,acting 4s,interval 2s,90 times.Then,put 0.6% papain into the yeast suspension which treat with ultrasonic,pH 5.5,55 ℃,reaction 28 h,the protein content of the extraction was 9.84 g/L.The polysaccharide obtained from the residue which extracted protein by NaOH solution.The polysaccharide content of extraction was 58.69%.

The changes of extracting rate of flavonoids and contents of flavors in green tea were compared after processing by dry and wet ultra-fine grinding and extracting by water and ethanol.The optimal extracting conditions of ethanol were confirmed after trial and error:ratio of solid to liquid 1:15,the concentration of ethanol 90%,the extraction temperature 45 ℃,the extraction time 5 h.The extracting rate of flavonoids under the best conditions showed that more flavonoids were extracted after being ultra-fine grond by dry method than wet method,and these two methods are better than normal grinding under cool condition.The finess of flavonoids of green tea are enhanced greatly after being purified through large hole AB-8 ressin.There is no privious changes about the components of flavors after ultra-fine ground.

Sodium diacetate was synthesized from acetate and sodium carbonate(without any solvent).The effects of the component ratio,reaction temperature and time on the product yield and quality have been discussed and the optimum technological conditions have been obtained.The optimum conditions by orthogonal design were determined as follows:the ratio of acetic acid to sodium carbonate 3.8～3.9:1(molar),reaction temperature 90 ℃,reaction time 180 min.The product quality was up to FAO standard and the yield was 94%.

Through the extraction of wheat germ with enzymic method organic solvent,it makes sure the best parameter with the standard of oil rate during the enzymolysis process.Then we carry on the cold press producing experiment according to that parameter.We conclude that the best temperature is 70 ℃,moisture content is 7%,pressure is 3.5 MPa,rotation speed is 36 r/min,at this time the extraction rate of oil is 41.6%.Enzymic-cold press method reserves all the nutritional ingredient in the oil.The content of VE is 312.5 mg/100g,the content of phospholipids is 1470 mg/100g,the oil which we make is whole fat.The storage life of wheat germ oil capsules which we make is a year.They are good health products.

Tamarix elongate Ldb.contains flavonoid.In this test the total flavonoids contents are assayed by using spectroscopic methods with rutin as standard.The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions are 40% ethanol with 1:50 solid liquidratio and heated at 80 ℃ for an hour.The result can provide important theoretical basis for exploitation of Tamarix elongate Ldb resources.

The study on relationship between microflora and their ecological environment in dry-cured ham was made for the first time.The results showed that these fermental microflora adapt themselves to the existing circumstances with the high salt,low wet and normal temperature.Meanwhile,after their being fermented a specific flavor is prodluced.In early period of fermentation in the central part of dry-cured ham,the miqoflora is mainly made of the salt-addicted bacillus,coccus and yeasts;and in the middle period,mainly coccus and yeasts;but at the late stage,only coccus and a small amount of yeast can be found.These specific characteristics for the composition of dry-cured ham microflora lay down a theoretical basis for the improvement and superiority of fermentation technology.

Five cultivated strains of Pleurotus ostreatus from different areas of China were assessed for their DNA polymorphism by RAPD technique.A total of 107 RAPD bands were amplified by eight selected primers,in which 69 bands were polymorphic and the rate was 64.4%.The variations of RAPD band patterns and DNA similarity among the strains revealed that there is definite genetic diversity in the natural germplasm of Pleurotus ostreatus in China.A cluster dendrogram of these samples showed that the five strains were classified into 2 groups using similarity of 0.470 as a cut-off point.Group1 consisted of PL-72,PL-2,Yanping 2106 and PL-A2,and group two was PL-AD28.While using 0.570 as a cut-off point,the group 1 was further classified two subgroups.One was comprised of PL-72 and Yanping 2106,and the other included PL-2 and PL-A2.This study provide molecular evidence for selection and breeding of eminent cultivars and genetic relationship in Pleurotus ostreatus.

One of key factors,which hindered producing androst-4-ene-3,17-dione(AD)on industrial scale is that the yield of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione is low.The microorganism of Mycobacterium sp.BD696# was treated by complex mutagenesis of UV,60Co and UV+60Co ray irradiation.And AD transformation productivity was 39.2% higher than that of its parent strain and no androst-1,4-ene-3,17-dione was obtained.The fifth stain also had stable transformation productivity.The results showed that complex mutagenesis of UV+60Co ray irradiation is a good methed for mutation breeding.

Cornmeal was modified by lactobacillus,and effects of amount of Lactobacillus,time and temperature on the swelling index of glutenin and water retention capacity were studied.Gel properties were analyzed.The results showed that the swelling power solubility and light transmission rate were improved and retrogradation decreased.

The fermentation performance of yeast in the wort with sweet potato starch for beer was studied in this research.Compared with the wort that with the rice as auxiliary material:the time for fermentation,changes of formentable extract,changes of reductive sugar,usage ofα-amino nitrogen,and producing amount of diacety are similar during fermentation.The chroma of mellowed beer is higher than the pale beer.

The mycelium of Pleurtus citrinopileatus 515 was cultured by five different culture methods.The genomic DNA was then extracted by improved SDS method and the quality was evaluated by agarose electrophoresis and absorbency analysis.The results indicated that the mycelium cultured by static liquid culture and shaking-bottle liquid culture grew well,and genomic DNA extraction efficaiency was higher than other culture methods.However,the DNA from mycelia cultured by static liquid cultivation contained plenty of impurity such as protein or amylose.Therefore the shaking-bottle liquid culture is the best culture method to extract genomic DNA from Pleurotus citrimopileatus.

The fermentation of Lactobacillus helveticus TS6024 was studied by orthogonal test in this paper.The purpose was to enhance the proteinase activity of Lactobacillus helveticus TS6024.The results showed that optimized fermentative condition,and the optimal culture temperature,the optimal initial pH,the quantity of inoculation,the optimal culture time and the volumes of medium were determined as.35 ℃,6.5,2.0%,16 h,150 ml/250 ml respectively.The free amino acid content reached 794.794 ×10-5 mol/L and enzyme activity reached 39.740 U.

Milk protein was hydrolyzed into peptides by enzyme in this research.Based on the output of peptides,the main factors that affect the hydrolyzation were experimentally studied in details.The results indicated that the output of the peptides could reach 1.82 mg/ml under the optimal conditions of the hydrolyzation temperature 45 ℃,the hydrolyzation time 2 h,the skim milk powder concentration 25%,the chymotrypsin-trypsin ratio 1:3,the complex enzyme added amount 2500 U/g,and the solution pH 8.0.

In this study,kelp was used as the main raw material for producing fermented beverage enriched high-concentration laminaria-polysaccharide by lactic acid bacteria fermentation.The enzymolysis conditions of the kelp and factors which influenced the extraction yield of total crude laminaria polysaccharides were studied.The acid production and the unpleasant odour removal effect were studied,and the formulation of fermented beverage was determined.The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions of the laminaria polysaccharides were that the ratio of the compound enzyme to the kelp power 1.5:100,and enzymolyzing 6 h at the condition of pH6.0 and 50 ℃.On these conditions,the extraction yield of total crude laminaria polysaccharides could be up to 10.89%.The optimum proportion of the compound enzyme(cellulose,pectinase and protease)is 2:1:2.The optimum conditions for fermented laminaria polysaccharide beverage are that whey powder 0.5%,sucrose 7%,lactic acid bacteria 1 mg/100 ml,and fermented at 40 ℃ for 24 h.On these conditions,the yield of lactic acid is about 0.7%.

In this paper,application of the genome shuffling in improving the glucose tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MEE539 and enhance the L-lactic acid production was studied.The starting population was generated by ultraviolet irradiation and nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis.The effect of amino acid and mutanolysin on protoplast formation was investigated.The positive colonies from library created by inactivated protoplasts were more likely to be screened on plates containing different concentrations of high glucose and 2% CaCO3.Characterization of all mutants and wide-type strain in shake flask indicated the compatibility of two optimal phenotypes of glucose tolerance and lactic acid enhancement.The lactic acid production of F2-2 from the second round genome shuffled population was 1.8 fold higher than that of the wild type at the initial glucose concentration of 150 g/L in 16l bioreactor.

An accurate estimate about the number of live bacteria in fermented products is significant to the products quality and function.In this article the development about three kinds of probiotics growing in five culture media was observed.It found that Lactobacillus acidophillus and Streptococcus thermophillus grew well in modified TJA,Lactobacillus helveticus grew well in bromcresol green indicator culture medium.Results provided technical and quality pledge for new milk products fermented with these bacterium,also established important foundation for the deep study of probiotics and its products.

The optimum conditions for preparation and regeneration of ZY2 and ZY8 protoplasts were obtained by studying the effects of different factors on them as following.Treating 10-hour culture of strain ZY2 or ZY8 in logarithmic growth phase with concentration of 1.5% snailase or 1.5% snailase and 1.0% lywallzyme for 1 hour,after pretreatment on the cells with 0.1% β-mercaploethanol or together treated with 20 mmol/L DTT.With 0.7 mol/L KC1 as osmotic stabilizer during the protoplast formation and 17% sucrose for the regeneration,the protoplast formation is 94.15% and 88.78%,and regeneration ratio reaches 13.85% and 23.02% respectively.

In this paper,ampicillin artificial antigens were synthesized by the methods of glutaraldehyde and physiological coupling,and were identified by UV scan and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.The coupling rates are 8～10 and 17～21 respectively,both determined by the improved BCA method.Single factor test and orthogonal test design methods L9(34)were employed to study the influence of the factors such as the initial molar ratio of reagents,the addition of coupling agent and the coupling time to the coupling rate,as to determine the optimal reaction conditions for synthesis.The obtained results were that:the initial molar ratio of ampicillin to BSA 40:1,glutaraldehyde 10μl,coupling time 4 hours in glutaraldehyde method,in physical method 20:1 and coupling for 3 hours.Results indicated that the physiological method is superior to others for preparation of ampicillin artificial antigens.

The high-yield cellulase strains were found from the intestinal of Gomphocerus Ssibiricus.The intestinal bacteria were isolated through the conventional methods.They were preliminarily identified by using cellulose-Congo red medium,secondly screened according to their cellulase activities by hydrolysis circle size and finally identified by VITEK-32.The results indicated that cellulose-Congo red medium is a better screening medium.By it 30 bacteria were isolated.4 high-yield cellulase strains were screened from 10 strains with larger hydrolysis circle size.Among them Corynebacterium xerosisthe and Staphylococcus auricularis were identified,but 2 other strains couldn’t be identified.

The performance of lactic acid bacteria has important influence on the quality of fermented yoghourt.In this study,six strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from yoghourt with six brands differently in market,and the characteristics of the lactic acid bacteria,about the morphological,physiological and fermentation performance,were studied comparatively.The results showed that six strains of lactic acid bacteria are similar in growth rate and lactic acid production,but different in morphology,physiology and fermentation performance.

The antibacterial peptide Japonicin II gene was designed and artificially synthesized by SOE.Antibacterial peptide Japonicin II gene was subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector pPICZαA,by using PCR and sequence analysis.It can be proved that all the tested clones contain Japonicin II gene,and pPICZαA-Jap is successfully constructed.

Streptomyces albulus was used as the starting strain and treated with microwave mutation,chemical revulsant and UV irradiation.During mutagenesis process,a high producing ε-polylysine strain was obtained which produces 0.848 g/L increasing 41.3% compared with the staring strain.The mutant showed stable genetic property.

With milk as main material and adding some tomato juice,orange juice and strawberry juice to be fermented with latic acid bacteria,the optimum processing technique was established by orthogonal test.The result showed that the optimum addition amount of tomato juice was 15%,strawberry juice 20%,orange juice 10%,CMC-Na 0.25% and pectin 0.1% in compound fruit and vegetable formula the optimum addition amount of fresh milk was 70%,combine juice 20%,optimum inoculation size of L.bulgaricus and Str.thermophilus 1:1(Lb:St=1:1)3%,fermented yogourt stabilizer 0.25%,0.1% pectin,cane sugar 9% in compound fruit and vegetable juice with fermenting temperature 43 ℃ for 3.5 h and storing in the 0～4 ℃ refrigeratory cold for 8～10 h.The compound juice fermented milk beverage was stable and delicious with fruit sweetness and soumess.The final product was of a clear and special taste.

A higher chitinase-producing mutant with stable heritage,TUC13,was obtained from initial strain TS30,which was separated from soil at earlier research stage,by means of UV+LiCl mutagenization.The optimum medium and fermentation conditions for TUC13 have been established through orthogonal test design.Under the established optimal culture conditions and in the established optimal medium,the chitinase activity in broth of TUC13 increased by 236.5% compared with that in the broth of initial strain under the culture conditions before optimization.

In order to improve the ability of carotene biosynthesis,this study utilized ultra high-pressure(UHP)technology to treat Rhodotorula glutinis NR06 strain.A mutant NR06-H39 was obtained by treatment at 300 MPa for 10 min.The carotene production of this mutant reached 9.64 mg/L,an increase of 53.02% compared with 6.30 mg/L of parent strain,and its quality of genetics was proved stabile by experiments.Under the optimized fermentation conditions(glucose of 40 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 of 5 g/L,yeast extract of 5 g/L,media volume of 40 ml/250 ml shake flask,inoculation size of 8%,original pH of 6.5,peanut oil of 0.4 ml/L,and tomato extract of 3 ml/L),the β-carotene production could reach 12.42 mg/L,increasing by 22.84% compared with 9.64 mg/L of the control.

The fermentative capacities of five lactic acid bacterial were studied by using saccharified black soybean.The production of lactic acid of Lactobacillus acidophilus(La for short)was the one with highest yield with quickest production rate.The best strain combination was Laerobacillus acidophilus(La),Lactobacillus plantarum(Lp)and Bifidobacterium bifidum(Bb).The optimum proportion of species was La:Lp:Bb= 2:1:1.Soya milk was promoting-growth substances.

Total bacterial counts were examined which grew on Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man stored at the different temperatures,initial pH values and initial sodium chloride concentrations.Experiment results showed that the Gompertz equation fitting correlation coefficient is R2>0.95,and bias factor and accuracy factor is in the range of 0.70～0.90 and 1.06～ 1.15.Based on F value and significance judgment,the order of factors affecting the total bacterial counts growth characteristics is:temperature > initial sodium chloride concentration > initial pH value.In the lag phase of response surface equation foundation,the lag phase is significant impacted by the single,quadratic or Cross-product of temperature and initial sodium chloridec oncentration.

Objective:To observe the effect of different lipids of Sapium sebiferum Roxb culture on the growth of Lentinula edodes(Berk.)Pegler mycelium.Methods:Plate cultivation.Activated strains 621 of Lentinula edodes(Berk.)Pegler were cultured in basic medium and lipid enriched medium containing tallow and kernel oil of Sapium sebiferum Roxb.Respectively.Results:It is showed that the growth velocity of the mycelium and their colonial morphologies is different under different lipid containing media.Kernel oil of Sapium sebiferum Roxb.could accelerate the growth of the mycelium of Lentinula edodes(Berk.)Pegler,while the tallow oil couldn’t.That suggested that unsaturated fatty acids have more positive effects on growth of mushroom mycelium.

The bifunctional enzyme(CCBE),which was purified from Trichoderma viride cellulase with cellulase-chitosanase activities,was modified by N-bromossuccinimide(NBS).The results indicated that NBS could both inactivate its cellulase activity and chitosanase activity.The kinetic analysis revealed that two tryptophan(Trp)residues were essential for its cellulase activity and one Trp residue for its chitosanase activity.93% protection by 0.5% chitosan against inactivation by NBS,compared with 60% protection by 0.5% CMC,showed that one Trp residue was at the CCBE substrate binding site for both of its cellulase activity and chitosanase activity,and one Trp residue was at the catalytic site of its cellulase activity.Km increase of NBS modified CCBE was detected.These information confirmed above.

Dunaliella salina(D.Salina)cultivation became very hot in the world,because it can produce antioxidant substances——β-carotene.Accumulation process of β-carotene in D.Salina is affected by many factors,and trace elements are an important one.The experimental results summed up an optimum amount of P,Mg,N,Zn and Fe to biomass cultivation(9.1 mg/L,100 mg/L,82 mg/L,28.8μg/L,1.12 mg/L)and beta-carotene production(3.6 mg/L,40 mg/L,132 mg/L,12μg/L,0.21 mg/L).

Brochothrix thermosphacta is the major spoilage microorganism in chilling pork.Based on one of the isolated strain S-8 from chilling pork,its status of growth from 0～10 ℃ was studied.By the SAS program and the status of growth at different temperatures,compared to linear model,Gompertz model predicted well the growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta,and gained its parameter in Gompertz model;The secondary model of Brochothrix thermosphacta gained by square-root model was described by the following equation:U(1/2)=0.1192(T+6.00),T∈[0,10];Based on the data from experiments,the average bias factor and accuracy factor were 0.982 and 1.223 respectively,and this result showed that the secondary model could be a useful tool for predicting growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta from the temperature history of chilling pork.

Mobile phases of 100% methanol/water/formic acid from 20:80:0.1 to 80:20:0.1 respectively in 30 min were used to elute black bean isoflavones at 0.8 ml/min,extracted by 70% ethanol from mature black bean seeds,in a C18 column with a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)system coupled with diode array detector(DAD)and mass spectrum(MS).Daidzin,acetyl genistin,genistin,malonyl daidzin,malonyl glycitin and malonyl genistin are identified as the main isoflavones with a total content 0.373%.Black bean is a good source of isoflavones for human health.

The analytical method of dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine was studied in this paper.The phosphatidylcholine was separated out from phospholipid by HPLC.The dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine was futher separated out from the phosphati-dylcholine by another HPLC system.Qualitative analysis of dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine was completed with the aid of standard sample and MS(mass spectrum).Finally quantitative analysis of dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine was completed with the aid of standard sample.It was known by tests of method reclamation and precision that the method is accurate,reliable,and handy in the analysis of dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine from phospholipid or phosphatidyl-choline.

Azocylotin and cyhexatin residues in apple juice is determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography /mass spectrometry.The sample was extracted with hexane.The pesticides were derivatized at 50℃ for 15 min under supersonic wave with sodium tetra-ethylborate.the recovery range for adding 0.02 ～0.08 mg/kg was 80%～90%,with RSD 4.1%～8.9%.The method LOQ is 0.01 mg/kg.Mass spectral characteristics of derivatives of azocylotin and cyhexatin was interpreted.Mass spectral analysis was performed in the selected ion monitoring mode at m/z 233,315,203 and 287.

Objective:High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used for separation and determination of four isoflavone compounds(daidzein,genistein,formononetin,and biochanin A)in Trifolium pretense L.Methods:HPLC quantitated the quanitity of the four main isoflavones in Trifolium pretense L.The qualification of HPLC:C18 column(250 mm ×4.6 mm):the mobile phase MeOH-CH3CN-H2O(3.7:1.3:5,V:V:V),the flow rate 1.0 ml/min,the filling amount 20μl,the column temperature room temperature,UV-detection performed at 260 nm.Methods about treating with the sample:the sample was prepared by dissolving in 40 ml solution of the HCl methanol(42:500,V:V)at 85 ℃ hot-water for 2 hours.After the sample was cool,it was added methanol to reach the volume 50 ml in all.After the 0.45μm membrane was used to filtrate the sample and the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC.Results:According HPLC analysis,in Trifolium pretense L.(1#),the quantity of the four main isoflavones:formononetin(4.79%),and biochanin A(1.32%),daidzein(0.43%),genistein(0.35%);in Trifolium pretense L.(2#),the quantity of the four main isoflavones:daidzein(0.60%),genistein(0.64%),formononetin(9.29%),and biochanin A(2.63%).

Objective:To provide foundation for developing Amplelopsis grossedentata with physic and edible use.Method:to plant Amplelopsis grossedentata Lufeng,Amplelopsis grossedentata with green leaves,Amplelopsis grossedentata with red leaves in the same ecological environment in accordance with the require of mathematical statistics and give the same management.Then sowing and reaping dry grass to do composition analysis.Result:The content of total flavone,amino acid and VE in Amplelopsis grossedentata Lufeng are 36.3% and 30.7%,32.5% and 23.5%,49.9% and 85.6% higher than Amplelopsis grossedentata with green leaves and Amplelopsis grossedentata with red leaves respectively,and all of them attain the remarkable standard.The total sugar is 2.2% and 10.2% lower than Amplelopsis grossedentata with green leaves and Amplelopsis grossedentata with red leaves respectively.Conclusion:Amplelopsis grossedentata Lufeng is not only of the distinct flavor and good taste,but also has widely used in various domains with more amount of utilization,better medical treatment and health care than Amplelopsis grossedentata with green leaves and Amplelopsis grossedentata with red leaves.It is more worthful to develop in industry domain.

The aromatic components of fresh litchi and dried litchi was studied by SPME and GC-MS in this paper.29,43 and 36 aromatic components were detected from three samples,respectively.The highest relative content with all aromatic compo-nents was alkene in three samples.And it is 74.92%,42.64% and 67.25%,respectively.

Lycopene products include synthetic compound and natural product.Their biological functions are different.This study aimed at development of identification method.In experiment,C18-HPLC was applied to assess their carotenoid composition.The precursor and metabolites of lycopene biosynthesis were identified.C30-HPLC were then used to detect their of geometrical isomer composition lycopene.Their Z-isomer ratios of lycopene were compared.Data from those assessments suggested that natural products usually contained the biosynthetic precursor(eg.phytoene)and metabolites(eg.β-carotene)with a ratio of Z-isomers.According to those observations,the natural product and synthetic compound of lycopene can be identified.

Vanillin assay reaction conditions were examined and compared for determining proanthocyanidin with catechin and purified proanthocyanidins chosen from grape seed and sea buckthorn seed as reference standards respectively.Several param-eters mostly affecting the precision and accuracy of vanillin assay were optimized.The results showed that the kinetics of the three type reactions were markedly different.The critical evaluation of vanillin assay was summarized up as follows:for catechin the reaction can be carried out at 30℃ for 5 minutes(measured at 500 nm);for grape seed procyanidins the reaction can be carried out at 20℃ for 5 minutes(measured at 500 nm);and for sea buckthorn seed proanthocyanidins the reaction temperature can be controlled at 30℃ while the reaction time fixed at 15 min(measured at 505 nm).The reaction medium comprise 1 ml of sample,2.5 ml of vanillin solution in methanol and 2.5 ml of 5 mol/L H2SO4 in methanol.

Objective:A gas chromatography(GC)method was developed for determining simultaneously three chloropropanols in soy sauce.Methods:The sample were eluted,purified from celite with florisil chromatography column with diethyl ether as eluant,separated on a CTX-1 capillary column and detected by GC-ECD.Results:The calibration curves of 1,3-DCP,2,3-DCPand 3-MCPD showed good linearity in the range of 5～250 pg(R2=0.9989),3.125～100 pg(R2=0.9993),5～250 pg(R2=0.9979)respectively.The detection limits of were 1.0,1.0 and 0.02μg/kg,respectively.The recoveries of soy sauce sample were 100.64%±2.79%,114.78%±2.50% and 103.61%±2.32%,respectively.Conclusions:This method has high sensitivity and application value for determining chloropropanol in soy sauce sample.

An analytical method for volatile components of liquid food flavoring by head space-single drop condensation(HS-SDC)was established by using three kinds of different mimic liquid flavorings as research objects.Based on head space single drop microextraction(HS-SDME)without using extraction solvent,the method was described that volatile components of liquid flavoring were extracted by the formation of a micro liquid drop of volatile components condensed continuously on the needle tip upon a frozen microsyringe inserted into the headspace of a vial.Then the microsyringe was removed from the vial and injected into GC-MS for analysis.Target flavor compounds were completely detected.

Experimentntal results inchicated that the optimal production method of Fengshi medical wine of Fructus xanthii was circumfluence extraction.An RP-HPLC method was established for determination of chloralgenic acid in Fengshi medical wine of Fructus xanthii.The calibration curve was in good linearity over the range of 0.315～1.575μg with the regression equation Y=1857900X+7575.80,r=0.999985(n=5).The average recovery was 99.22% with RSD=1.38%(n=6).The method appeared to be simple,accurate,reproducible and could be used to control the quality of Fengshi medical wine of Fructus xanthii.

Nutmeg(Myristica fragrans Houtt.)oil was extracted by solvent-free focused microwave extraction(SFFME)in yield of 8.23%.The obtained oil was analyzed by GC-MS.Through comparison with mass spectra database and their retention indices relative to n-alkanes,forty-two components were identified,covering 98.62% of the total peak areas in the GC-MS total ion current chromatography.The main volatiles were sabinene(23.93%),myristicin(11.60%),α-pinene(9.52%),β-pinene(8.95%),4-terpineol(5.27%),limonene(4.47%),elemicin(4.03%),p-cymene(3.38%)and safrole(3.16%).

Objective:To establish a high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of 6 kinds of synthetic colour in jelly.Methods:6 kinds of synthetic colour were separated on a C18 column using acetonitrile:ammonium acetate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,with the column temperature 25℃ and detection wave 254 nm and 300 nm.Results:The detection limits were 0.07～0.16 mg/kg,the calibration curves were liner in the range of 1.0～50.0 mg/L,the precision was not more than 8.5% and the rate of recovery were 98.5% to 100.6%.Conclusion:The method established in the present paper is simple,precise,fast and suitable for determination of 6 kinds of synthetic colour in jelly.

A new method has been developed for determination of trace iron,based on the discoloration of bromcresol purple by hydrogen peroxide in H2SO4 solution under the catalysis of iron(Ⅲ).The linear range of the method is 0.05～0.6μg iron(Ⅲ)/25 ml,and the apparent molar absorptivity is 8.36×105L/mol·cm.The method has been applied to determine trace iron(Ⅲ)in monosodium glutamate with satisfactory results.

Based on GB/T 5009.17-2003,the content of hydrargyrum can be determined with atomic fluorescence spectrometry.By the experiment of uncertainty measurement of the hydrargyrum in fungus,a method to evaluate the uncertainty measure for standard curve method was developed.The combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty are expressed,which provide the effective and credible quality data for the quality control.

According to the high contents and low odor threshold of the aroma components from Zhenjiang fragrance vinegar,the characteristic aroma components in the vinegar were analyzed and determined using GC-MS and GC-olfactory method combined with solid-phase microextraction,and the aroma fingerprint of Zhenjiang fragrance vinegar was established.

The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of ethanol extracts from six kinds of bee pollens were determined.The results showed that the ethanol extracts from six kinds of bee pollens exhibited a strong DPPH· radical scavenging activity and reducing power.Therefore,the ethanol extracts of bee pollens would be an excellent natural antioxidant.

Objective:To study the inhibition of garlic on the development of fatty liver.Methods:Fatty liver models were induced by CCl4 and chronically feeding with high fat diet containing 10% lard in rats and confirmed by HE dyeing.In addition to the rats of model group,we had other two groups with male and female sub-group in each one — the rats of control group that were fed regularly and the rats of garlic groups that were fed different doses-1%,3%,5%,7% of garlic mash,high fat diet and water with 1% garlic juice.30 days later,the level of triglyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)of liver for different diet groups rats of both genders were analyzed and compared.Results:(1)Compared with model group,the levels of TG and TC in garlic groups were decreased with different extent —for female,TG and TC were significantly decreased for dose 3%,5%,7%,and 5%,7%,respectively;while for male,5% and 7% garlic mash were effective to reduction of TG,and only 7% were effective to reduction of TC.(2)There were significant correlation between dose of garlic mash and reduction of TC(male:R2=0.9742,female:R2=0.9655).Conclusions:Garlic diet had effects on inhibiting the increases of TG and TC of liver in model rats and inhibition effect was different for male and female rats,and female rats were more sensitive to high fat diet and garlic diet.

Objective:To improve the traditional brewing techniques of preparing functional monascus vinegar by adding additional functional monascus rice as raw materials.The effect of reducing blood lipids level of the new product was validated by the improved method through animal experiments.Methods:Techniques for preparing the functional monascus vinegar was as follows:rice → washed out → comminuted →added water → cooked → added monascus and functional monascus rice → fermented → fluidized → acetobacillus fermented → filtrated → degermed.The high blood lipids models of rats and mice were administered with general monascus vinegar and functional monascus vinegar separately for 60 days.Then the serum total contents of cholesterol tri-acyl glycerol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol of rats and mice as indicators were determined.Results:Compared with the control high blood lipid animals administered with the general monascus vinegar,there was on remarkable difference on the levels of the three indicators,but administering with the functional monascus vinegar,the levels of the serum total cholesterol and tri-acyl glycerol decreased significantly(p<0.05).Conclusion:Improved traditional brewage techniques for preparing the functional monascus vinegar showed definite function of reducing blood lipids level.

Objective:To study the effects of Lycium ruthenicum pigment(PLR)on blood lipids level and lipid peroxidation in mice with hyperlipemia.Method:Male ICR mice were randomly divided into 6 group according to body weight and serum cholesterol levels.They were fed a normal diets(NG),a high fat supplemented diets(HF),and a high fat supplemented diets with Simvastain(HF+S),a high fat supplemented diets with 100,200,400 mg/kg(HF+PLR100,200,400)respectively.After 6 weeks,serum TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C and organism T-AOC,SOD,GSH-PX,MDA were determined respectively.Results:Compared with HF model group,PLR could reduce the serum TC,TG,LDL-C concentration,increase serum and liver T-AOC,GSH-PX activities,and decrease liver MDA content significantly(p<0.05).The serum HDL-C content and serum,liver SOD and activities were not affected significantly(p>0.05).Results:PLR can inhibite the increase of blood lipids level and increase antioxidant activity in mice with hyperlipemia.

Objective:To discuss total momordicosides lowering blood glucose on rats.Method:Blood glucose value,SOD activity in serum,content of MDA in serum were measured respectively in rats which had been given 30,60,120 mg/kg bw respectively,for 30 days.Results:The total momordicosides could evidently reduce blood glucose value and resume anti-oxidation,and the effect of the total momordicosides at high dose was the best.

Objective:To study the effects of protein in silkworm chrysalis on immunological function of mice.Methods:To determine macrophage phagocytosis,hemolysin antibody and cellproliferation of T and B lymphocytes.Result:Protein in silkworm chrysalis can raise macrophage phagocytosis,hemolysin antibody and cellproliferation of T and B in mice significantly.Conclusion:Protein in silkworm chrysalis can increased cellular and humoral immunity in mice evidently.

Objective:Study on immunoregulation of flavonoids from the leaves(FBL)to spleen cells of rat.Methods:The immunities of FBL to spleen cells of rat were evaluated by means of molecule immunology,modern biology of cells and modern molecular biological technology.Results:FBL could hasten synthesization of DNA and protein of spleen cells of rat within a dosage range,accelerate cell proliferation as well as facilitate mRNA expression,exudation and produce of IFNγ.At the same time,IFNγ could activate NK cells,accelerate differentiation of T cells and B cells and maturation of CTL,and catalyze antibody exudation of B cells on the contrary.Conclusion:FBL could enhance immunoregulation function of rat in special dosage and presented typical dose-effect relationship.

Objective:To study the effects of protein of Duonianshengtengbendou(PD)on immunological function of mice.Methods:To determine macrophage phagocytosis,hemolysin antibody and cellproliferation of T and B lymphocytes.Result:PD could raise macrophage phagocytosis,hemolysin antibody and cellproliferation of T and B of mice significantly.Conclusion:PD could increase cellular and humoral immunity of mice evidently.

The study had determined the total SOD,Mn-SOD,MDA and GSH-Px of the model of the mice hearts which damaged by CCL4 and D-galactose.The model based on Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharides,to simulate the restoration of the mice hearts which damaged.The results showed that the high doses of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharides had a good repair to the mice hearts which damaged by CCL4,the middle and the high doses of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharides had a good results extracted from a relatively good repair to the mice hearts which oxidative damaged by D-galactose.

Objective:To study the regulating function of immunity for lactoferrin.Methods:M TT method was used to observed the influence of lactoferrin on the lymphoproliferation activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spleen cells and rat’s hind paw edema induced by carrageenan were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of it.Result:Lf can inhibit the growth of lymphocytes T,B-cell and the effet depend on dose.Furthermore,Lf exerts a definite anti-inflammatory effect on mice.

Objective:To study the toxicity of Kojic acid on animals and thesafety assessment.Methods:Acute toxicity test,105 days feeding test.Result:Kojic acid had apparent acute toxicity on mice.LD50 was 2571 mg/kg bw.During the 105 days rat feeding test,Kojic acid had no apparent influences on rat groth,gross food utilization ratio,blood biochemical index,organ coefficient and partial blood index,but WBC,LYM obviously decreased,NEU obviously increased.There was dose-effect relationship between each dose test group.T3 and T4 were found out decreasing tendency.A few rat in the 500 mg/kg bw group appeared abnormal development of testis,thyoid gland mesenchymal hyperplasia and partial pathological variation of kidney and liver.Conclution:Kojic acid is the matter of low-grade toxicity.If it is used in high dosage,it may influence on animal’s growth and variation of organ’s struction and function.

Extraction of crude polysaccharide from Pleurotus ferulae submerged fermentation liquid and its anti-tumor activity in vivo were studied.S180 tumor-bearing mice were intragastric administered with three doses:0.2,0.4,0.8 g/kg separately.The result showed that the pick-up rate of crude polysaccharide from Pleurotus ferulae submerged fermentation liquid was 0.97 g/100ml while the content of the polysaccharide was 32.9%.The three doses(0.2,0.4,0.8 g/kg)tumor inhibition ratios were 46.15%,55.42% and 58.67% respectively.Meanwhile,they could all elevate S180 tumor-bearing mice’s thymus index and spleen index.So it is concluded that polysaccharide from submerged fermentation liquid of Pleurotus ferulae has anti-tumor activity.

Curcuminoids mainly include three homologues:curcumin,demethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxy curcumin.Objective:This study aims at the exploration of variation of the composition of curcuminoidsin rat body.Methods:Male SD rat was orally administrated with an extract from Curcuma Longa L root.Serum and liver were collected after 2 hour.Feces were collected for 24 hours.Their curcuminoid composition(CC)was assessed by C30-HPLC-PDA.Results:The CC from feces was similar to that from the root extract while curcumin ratio from homogenized liver tissue and serum was significantly higher.Conclusion:An increased curcumin ratio took place in serum.Curcumin was major fraction to access rat body.

Basing on the periphery blood targets of tested mice and serum biochemistry altogether 23 targets,the research on evaluation of anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue found out that the dissertation made use of an important analyzed method of multivariate statistics —main composition analysis method,which can avoid the troubles caused by synthetically evaluation and make use of experiment statistics,that was comprehensive variable and reduce dimension,then the major functional effect index related directly with anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia effect has been further determined,and according to quantification of func-tional effect property of sample a new appraising method has been established basing on main composition synthesize.

Objective:To investigate the inhibition effects of phycoerythrin(PE)from Gracilaria lemaneiftheormis on growth of Hela cells and its mechanism.Method:The proliferation of cell lines of Hela in vitro was assayed by MTT method.Effects of PE on Hela cells cycle and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescence staining.Result:PE could obviously inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells with a fair dose-effect relationship(p<0.01,r =0.84).The inhibitory rate at 48 h could reach more than 70% and its half inhibitory concentration(IC50)was 4.12μg/ml.PE could prevent the transformation of Hela cell cycle from G2/M to S phase to cause apoptosis.Conclusion:PE shows potent inhibitory effects on growth of Hela cells,and the mechanism is related to inducing the apoptosis of Hela cells.

Objective:The purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan and it’s Rhizoma anemarrhenae mixture on regulating blood glucose and advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs)in diabetic mice bodies.Method:Diabetes mellitus model was established by intraeritoneal injecting of alloxan,and the mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,chitosan group,chitosan + Rhizoma anemarrhenae group(high and low).The mice were treated with drugs intragastrically(ig)for 28 days,the following parameters were evaluated:serum glucose,fructosamine,free fatty acid(FFA),serum advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs),serum SOD and MDA.Results:Compared with normal group,the blood glucose,AGEs,fructosamine,FFA,MDA in model group were increased,while pH and SOD was decreased in the model group.Compared with model group,MDA,blood glucose,AGEs and FFA were reduced,while SOD were increased in chitosan or the higher mixture group,the PH were increased in the treatment groups,and no significant differences were tested of fructosamine in the treatment groups.Conclusion:Chitosan,chitosan + Rhizoma anemarrhenae could protect the diabetic mice by reducing blood glucose and blood AGEs.

The chestnut(Castanea mollissima Blume.’Yanchang’)was studied for its change in the contents of sugar,starch,protein and ethanol,the rate of rot and sprouting after water-curing treatment for different time(Bubble,Bubble+1 d,Bubble+2 d and Bubble+3 d)and then stored at 0±0.5 ℃ in holed PE bags.The results showed that the rate of rot and sprouting in shelf-life are significantly reduced.The soluble sugar and protein are kept well and starch hydrolyzable rate is slowed down by" Bubble+2 d" treatment during cold storage.All the data have shown that" bubble+2d" treatment improved the quality of chestnut during storage.

In this paper,L9(34)orthogonal test was made to investigate the fresh-keeping effect that fresh rabbit meat was dealed with three natural biologic preservative solutions,which are nisin,lysozyme,chitosan,packed by BOPA pockets and then stored at 0～4 ℃.By the assay of sensory,TVB-N,H2S,pH,microorganism indexes,the results showed that the optimized composite of preservative is 0.75 g/L nisin,1.0 g/L lysyme,and 2.0 g/L chitin at the temperature of 0～4 ℃,and the rabbit meat could keep fresh for 27 days by using this kind of preservative and vacuum packing.

Three kinds of atmosphere packaging(directly packaging,5% O2+10% CO2+85% N2 and 80% O2+20% N2)combined with three different densities of citric acid(0.5%,1% and 1.5%)were used to study the effect of the fresh-cut onion quality and safety during storage.The firmness,PPO activity and total bacteria count were determined during storage to evaluate the effect of different storage/processing methods.The results indicated that the package of 80% O2+20% N2 combined with 1.5% citric acid has the best effect.It can keep a good quality after 17 days storage under 4 ℃.

The effects of citric acid,sodium chloride and sodium carbonate adding on color-protection of pumpkin noodle were studied.The results of hue determination showed that only adding citric acid could not enhance the natural color of pumpkin noodle obviously and had no effect on the color-protection under the conditions of lighting.Among the factors of the orthogonal test,light period showed the most significance on decoloration of pumpkin noodle.Citric acid and sodium carbonate adding together exhibited little effects on the decoloration.

The effect on shelf life of strawberry by compound membrane of Chlorophyllin Copper Sodium at ambient temperaturehas been Studied.The effectiveness of fresh keeping was evaluated by testing the rotten degree,acidity,VC and sugar solubility of strawberries.The result showed that fresh keeping membrane which prepared by Chlorophyllin Copper Sodium,NOCC and 1,2-propylene glycol was more water-soluble.It could lower the respiration strength of the fruit and vegetable effectively and delayed the consenescence of strawberry during shelf life period.It could prolong the shelf life of strawberry to 5d,which has extended 4d compared to those untreated.

Colostrum is quite different from normal milk,which is a milk secreted during the first few days after calving,and its importance for the health of calves has been known for a long time.Colostrum contains not only nutrients like proteins,carbohydrates,fat,vitamins,and minerals but also bioactive components like growth factors,antimicrobial factors,and sialyloligosaccharides.The most abundant and well-characterized factors in colostrum are nonpeptide trophic factors,hormones,cytokines,growth factors,epidermal growth factor receptor ligand family,epidermal growth factor,transforming growth factor,transforming growth factor β family,insulin-like growth factors,somatomedins,and their binding proteins,platelet-derived growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor,lactoferrin,growth hormone and its releasing factor and immunoglobulins and so on.This article is a review about the characteristics of colostrums,the important roles of these factors,their applications,separations,and researches.

Starch digestibility and nutritive value are closely-related.Study on in vitro and in vivo starch digestibility are received more and more attention.In this paper,the advance in starch digestibility was summarized.The factors affecting starch digestibility,including intrinsic and extrinsic factors,analytic determination methods of starch digestibility were introduced.

In this paper,we summarize the research status of the products of antihypertensive peptides advanced by probiotics,at the same time the basic effect principles of antihypertensive peptides and the advantages of them derived from milk which is used to lower blood pressure are set forth.What’s more,the research findings and trends of the products of antihypertensive peptides advanced by probiotics worldwide are introduced.According to the need of domestic and international market,to explore active yoghourt with antihypertensive peptides would surely play notable performance,and bring considerable economic benefit.

Large quantities of organic waste water was produced during the processing of soybean products.The direct discharge of the waste water not only polluted the environment but wasted the resources,since many kinds of nutrient substances were contained in it.The article introduced the research progress on extracting functional matter from waste water in soy product processing,such as soybean oligosaccharides,soybean whey protein,soybean isoflavone,soybean saponin,soybean polysaccharide,and etc,which provided academic and practical base for the comprehensive utilization of waste water from soybean processing.

Shelf life of foods,such as bakery products,is principally affected by two major factors:atmospheric oxygen and the growth of aerobic spoiling microorganisms.Applying modified atmospheres in the packaging(MAP)of these foods can significantly extend their shelf life.MAP can be done by changing the relative proportions of the surrounding atmospheric gases,such as carbon dioxide,nitrogen,and oxygen.Principles and characteristics of MAP of bakery foods,the application of gases,oxygen absorbents,and ethanol vapor generators were introduced and reviewed in this paper.The advantages of MAP technol-ogy to the bakery products,and the use of nanotechnology in the MAP materials were also discussed.

Bovine colostrum contains large amounts of the immune regulatory factors and growth factors,which provided with a series of biological functions,such as immune regulation.This paper discusses the status quo of the main bioactive substances in the biological function,immunomodulatory activity,extraction and application of the immunoglobulin,the lactoferrin and the Insulin-like growth factor.

Garlic is one of the most important functional food resources.This paper summarized the bioactivity functions and bioactivity components of garlic,and discussed methods of microencapsulation,wall materials of microencapsulation,solutions of microencapsulation and the procedure of microencapsulated garlic powder.

As the raise of living standard in China,people take more and more grease increasingly.Edible oil and grease has already become closely relative with consumer’s health.If total intake amount,species match and edible method are inappropriate,it can not promote human body health,even take negative effects.So it is necessary that leading consumer to know about the inside contact between grease and nourishment completely and systematically,controlling the intake amount in daily life and selecting appropriate species and scientific edible method.

Corn pollen is rich in nutrients such as protein,carbohydrate,amino acid,nucleic acid and vitamin,etc.It has health care functions such as enhancing immunity,improving growth,development and decreasing blood pressure,etc.Corn pollen is carried wall-breaking treatment.Bioactive materials such as polysaccharide and flavonoids can be extracted from wall-broken pollen.Corn pollen can be used as material to produce healthy drinks such as pollen oral solution,pollen capsule,pollen beverage and pollen yoghurt as well functional food such as pollen bread,pollen noodles,etc.Corn pollen resource is very rich in the north-east region with good exploitation prospects.

Lactic acid is an important organic acid of industrial importance.It is not only an energy resource for organism,but also important for the balance of metabolic networks as a potential signal molecule.Here,the chief problems encountered during lactic acid production today were analysed,some practices recently that using metabolic engineering approaches to improve lactic acid production were introduced,and the potential and trend for lactic acid production using metabolic engineering approaches were expected.

In this paper the hyperlipidaemia and its dangers were discussed.The progress of study on antihyperlipidaemia of fungi with both food and medicine was summarized.The present situation of research and application of antihyperlipidaemia of fungi with both food and medicine were analyzed,and its prospect was discussed as well.The study on antihyperlipidaemia of fungi with both food and medicine has got much progress,but some problems remain to be solved.

Referring to the reports on tryptophan,the physics and chemistry characteristics,application fields and the industry production methods are introduced,and the progress of biotechnological in trypotophan is reviewed in detail in this paper.

The artificial taste system,one of the electrochemistry biosensor for detecting gestation,has gotten a great progress in recent years,and it can fall into potential sensor and volta metric sensor.This paper introducd the principle of the artificial taste system from taste of bionics and the establishment and the research progress of taste determination method.The applica-tion of the potential taste sensor in sweet detection was summarized,including detecting cane sugar with high sensitivity PVC film sensor and detecting sweet substance just like soft drinks with various sensors.The current study showed that sweet detection with the electrochemistry biosensor has certain identification,and the operation is simple and rapid,but the accuracy still has to be improved,and the bionic expression needs in-depth research.

This paper reviewed the variety of compounds,extraction methods,analysis methods and quality standard of bee propolis.

In order to obtain functional foods,such as pollen crystal and milk slice,using the pollens of black pine and the Japanese red pine,some experiments have been done to study the detailed producing technology,including concocting recipe,selecting humectants and bond and the proportion of lubricant and so on.And we have found out the best bond,recipe and quantity of the lubricant,and finally succeed to produce the developed the pollen crystal and milk slice of black pine and Japanese red pine.

With Auricularia polytricha as raw material,its sugar preserve was processed.With multiple candying and freezing treatment,effects of sugar concentration,ratio of liquid to material,sugar boiling temperature,time,freezing temperature,time and soaking time on flavor quality of candied fruit were studied by orthogonal test design.The optimum established conditions for processing of sugar presere of Auricularia polytricha are:sugar concentration 65%,ratio of liquid to materia l:2,sugar boiling temperature 160 ℃,10 min,freezing temperature-15 ℃,freezing time 8 h and soaking time 8 h.

Auricularia auricular and black-seeded sesame can be used in medicine and food in virtue of including many kinds of nutritional compositions.The optimal formula of Auricularia auricular powders established by L9(33)orthogonal test is:Auricularia auricular 10%,starch 25% and sugar 35%.A kind of safe and nutritional food was developed.It is suitable for old people with the function of anti-aging and adjusting blood lipids.

The process technology of nutritious rice-tofu made of golden corn and rice was studied.Delicious rice-tofu could be made by the process of immersion,water grinding,filtration,boiling,shaping and cooling.The optimum formula is peeled golden corn 10.0%,rice10.0% and fresh quicklime 1.0%.

In this article,using the fresh Osmunda japonica as the raw material,through the dealing methods of the color-keeping and harden-remain,it was bloated by the soup and the catsup,and then it was processed soft package flavor Osmunda japonica through the loading and sterilization.This manufacture was crisp and tender,and edible convenience,as well as the flavor was uniqe.

In this paper,bitter buckwheat flour,white gourd,egg white and Jiaoshan natural spring were taken as the main raw material and through the appropriate process,green health food — Wantuan of white gourd and buckwheat was made.L9(34)orthogonal design was taken for optimum formula choice.The results indicated that the order of the factors affecting on the quality of products:Jiaoshan natural spring amount >buckwheat flour amount>egg white amount >white gourd amount.The best formula is A1B3C1D2,that is buckwheat flour 100%,egg white 11%,white gourd 44% and Jiaoshan natural spring 172%.

Extraction of ant protein and the process of set yogurt were studied,with ant protein and fresh milk as the main material,L.bulgaricns and S.thermophilus as the fermenting medium through the orthogonal test design.The results showed that,on the conditions of the protein juice of ant added by 2%,sugar by 8%,fermenting medium by 4%,fermented for 3.5h with the temperature of 42 ℃,health set yogurt of ant protein could be made with a pure color and fine and smooth taste.

With liquorice,jujube and Chinese wolfberry as raw materials,a nutrient-rich health drink with natrual role was deveolped.The production process of the health drink and the key operation points were studied.liquorice,jujube and Chinese wolfberry were extracted at a certain temperature by heat preservation extraction method,and in the extraction process 0.02% ascorbic acid was added to preserve its color and to maintain the original color products.Effects of several factors on flavor and quality were studied,and by orthogonal test the optimum compound beverage formula was confirmed as following:ratio of liquorice juice to jujube juice to Chinese wolfberry juice 1:3:2.white sugr addition amount 9%,citric acid addition amount 0.2% and amount of water added of total amount of liquorice juice,jujube juice and juice Chinese wolfberry.On this basis the stability of the beverage was also studied.By single factor test,the optimum addition amounts of stabilizer 0.1% CMC-Na and 0.4% of xanthan gum were confirmed.Determination results of the physical and chemical products indicted that microbial indicators of the beverage could meet consumption standards.

Fermented sausage was made of Arctium lappa L.mud and pork stuffing by Lactobacillus casei and Micrococcus roseus fermentation.The results showed that the optimum proportion between Lactobacillus casei and Micrococcus roseus 1:1,inoculum size 107 CFU/g,fermentation temperature 30 ℃,fermentation time 8～12 hours,and Arctium lappa L addition 10%.The process and formula of the sausage were also introduced.The surface of the sausage made by this method was dry,tidy and free of spots.The cutting pieces were springy,smooth,dense and free of bubbles.The Arctium lappa L mud was well distributed.The taste of the combination of the Arctium lappa L and sausage was fresh,tender,clean and free of sour taste.The physicochemical and microbiologic standards of finished products could meet the national standards.

The production process was studied for strawberry in freeze-drying and chocolate covering in order to prevent from the loss of its vitamin C,color and aroma.The optimized processing parameters are:20 h,-20 ℃ for freezing,drying on 40℃ heater plate in the vacuum of 60～100 Pa for 16 h,and prinkling with chocolate as a comparison to rolling.

The aloe-yam yogurt beverage is a new type of healthy drink made from aloe vera,fresh yam and skimmed milk powder by lactic acid fermentation with 1:1 of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus as mixed starter.The formula of materials and the technical conditions of fermentation of aloe-yam yoghurt were optimized by single and orthogonal test.It was proved that the optimum conditions of fermentation technics were the inoculation size of lactobacillus 4%,the temperature 42 ℃ and fermentation time 5 h;The optimum formula was the ratio of powdered milk to water 1:9,and the ratio of yam powder to skimmed milk powder 4:6,sugar 7%,aloe juice 10% and stabilizer made of 0.20% xanthan gum,0.16% CMC-Na and 0.25% sodium alginate.The product was proved to be good on sensory quality,stabilization and very nutritional.